Midterm

Question 1

Which of the following has a direct requirement for ATP in order to function properly?

Answer 1

Primary active transport

Question 2

Intercellular fluid

Answer 2

consists of interstitial fluid and plasma

Question 3

Internal environment of the human body refers to

Answer 3

extracellular fluid

Question 4

About 67% of the total body water is in the

Answer 4

intracellular compartment

Question 5

In general it is easier for polar molecules to pass through the lipid bilayer than nonpolar molecules

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Cell membranes

Answer 6

are permeable to fat-soluble substances

Question 7

During childbirth, the head of the baby pushes against the mother’s cervix. A nerve impulse is transmitted to the brain which causes a release of oxytocin. Oxytocin stimulates uterine contraction and pushes the baby towards the cervix. This process is an example of

Answer 7

Positive feedback

Question 8

Which of the following may be transported from the intracellular fluid to the extracellular fluid without using cellular energy?

Answer 8

potassium

Question 9

An action potential

Answer 9

changes the polarization of the cell

Question 10

In the pre-synaptic end bulb, the action potential leads to the release of neurotransmitter. What links these two types of signals?

Answer 10

The action potential triggers voltage gated Ca2+ channels to open and the Ca2+ that flows in starts a cascade of protein reactions that allows exocytosis of the neurotransmitters

Question 11

The function of _____ is to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate motor responses

Answer 11

interneurons

Question 12

Most corticospinal (descending) tracts cross the midline (decussate) in the

Answer 12

Medulla oblongata

Question 13

A “word salad” speaking pattern occurs when

Answer 13

Wernicke’s area is damaged

Question 14

Aphasias are most often associated with damage to ___ and ____

Answer 14

motor speech and Wernicke’s

Question 15

What structure separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 15

Central sulcus

Question 16

In the spinal cord, the gray matter is arranged into ______ and the white matter is arranged into ____

Answer 16

horns; funiculli

Question 17

What type of neurons are found in the precentral gyrus?

Answer 17

upper motor neurons

Question 18

A complete list of all the lobes in the cerebrum

Answer 18

Frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, occipital

Question 19

The midbrain forms the

Answer 19

mesencephalon

Question 20

A raised area on the cerebral cortex

Answer 20

gyrus

Question 21

The cerebral cortex is composed of superficial ____ matter and underlying ____ matter

Answer 21

white; gray

Question 22

The forebrain develops into the

Answer 22

telencephalon and the diencephalon

Question 23

What is the first structure of a reflex arc?

Answer 23

receptor

Question 24

In order to slow down an increased heart rate, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Answer 24

increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity

Question 25

If you were to submerge your hand in a bucket of ice water, after only a few seconds your instinct would be to remove your hand from the cold environment. You perceive the desire to remove your hand from the water because

Answer 25

sensory neurons communicate with your brain that the cold is undesirable and removing your hand will solve the problem

Question 26

Reflex arcs

Answer 26

may have a single synapse

Question 27

During isovolumetric ventricular contraction, ventricular pressure is

Answer 27

increasing

Question 28

The amount of blood ejected by ventricles per beat is termed the _____

Answer 28

stroke volume

Question 29

What causes the semilunar valves to close?

Answer 29

high pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk than in the ventricles

Question 30

Closure of the atrioventricular valves occurs at the end of diastole/beginning of systole.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Stroke volume is affected by

Answer 31

end diastolic volume, cardiac contractility, total peripheral resistance

Question 32

The cardiac control center of the _____ coordinates the autonomic innervation of the heart

Answer 32

medulla oblongata

Question 33

In the spinal cord, the ascending tracts carry ____ information, and the descending tracts carry ____

Answer 33

sensory; motor