Midterm 1: Week 1-6 Flashcards
Calls to Action Health Care
Access to services, cultural competency, education, mental health support.
Acknowledges the current state of individuals health in Canada.
Measures and closes gap in health care
Recognize and address distinct needs
Medical and nursing schools learn about the legacy
More indigenous representation
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Provided those directly and indirectly connected to residential schools an opportunity to share their stories. 94 calls to action from the TRC challenged structures in society to begin reconciliation.
12 Social determinants of health
- Income / social status
- education
- Employment and working conditions
- Social support networks
- Physcial enviorment
- Acess to health services
- Biological / Genetic factors
- gender
- Culture norms
- Living conditions
- Food security
- Child development
Florence Nightingale
- Founder of modern medience ( health is beyond absence of diease)
- Nightingale’s environmental theory of health: water, air, drainage, cleanliness, light
Health
health is the complete physical, emotional, mental well-being. State of wholeness and balance. Can be seen an everyday resource not an objective
WHO’s new definition of Wellness:
“The optimal state of health of individuals and
groups”
The realization of the fullest potential of an
individual
The fulfillment of one’s role expectations
WHO Defintion of Health
The optimal state groups and individuals and the realizations of ones fullest potential. The fulfillment of one’s roles and expectations. State of mental, physical, emotional, well being.
Expanded:
The extent to which an individual or group is able, on
the one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs;
and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the
environment.
Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for
everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive
concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as
well as physical capabilities”
Ottawa Charter of Health 1986
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over their health, and its determinants. Prerequetsies for health include: peace, shelter, food, education, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, social justice
CNA Defines Health
Endorse the WHO Defintion; provides framework of practice for RN’s
RN’s work to enable people to attain highest level of health.
Indigenous Dimensions
Physical, emotional, spiritual, mental , use a holistic model
CRNA
College of Registered Nurses of Alberta , regulatory body under the Health Professions Act HPA. Mandate is to set regulatory standards for nurses.
Ensures nurses are fit to practice , look out for protection of the public
NCSBN , NCLEX
National council of state Board Nurses , comprised of regualtory bodies
National Council Licensure Examination NCLEX
9 Dimensions of health
- physical
-Developmental - Emotional
- Social
- Spiritual
- Intelleculectal
- Environmental
- Sexual
- Occupational
All holistic
Wellness vs Health
Health is more than the sum of each part as the relation between each part is different. Health is synonymous with wellness, but more of a subjective experience of your health,.
Six Domains of Wellness
-Occupational
– Emotional
– Physical
– Spiritual
– Intellectual
– Social
Social Determinants of Health
- Income and social status (affects all)
The greater the income the more access to health care, education, physical environment. Affects also emotional and physical health. - Social networks: relationships formed, social isolation
- Education/literacy: education results in better employment , ore income, better living conditions.
- Employment/working conditions: working conditions impact health, financial aid
- Physical environments: determines physical health, community planning, air food water qualities.
- Biological : cannot be controlled
- Individual Health practices and coping skills: coping skills that people choose to manage can be negative such as poor nutrition, drugs etc.
- Childhood development: conception through younger years is a crucial period, brain development.
- Health Services: accessibility and quality
- Gender: society determined roles, traits, power
- Culture: challenge with integration, underemployed.
- Social environments: social stability , diversity, safety, etc
Maslow’s Hierarchy
Basic Needs ( safety and physiological)
Physiologucal Needs (esteem and belongingness)
Self-fullfillment Needs ( self-actualization)
Pedagogy
The art of the science of teaching children. Teaching is the central power role and the learners will learn what they have been told. Dependent on instructor for information, learn word-word
Andragogy
The art and science of helping adults learn. Teachers are their facilitator and learning is focused on the learners needs. Ulitze own experiences to participate through application, question.
Heutagogy
Newer model, instuctors proivide guidance, less control
Self-reflection is encouraged to develop reflective prationers
Self-determinisum
Adult Learning principles
- Learner’s Need to know (why,
what, how) - Self-Concept of the Learner
- Prior Experience
- Readiness to Learn
- Orientation to Learning
- Motivation to Learn
Stress
Physical expression, fight or flight mechanism,
Acute and chronic stress
Stress Response
Begins in the brain , info relayed to amygala. If danger, hypothalmus communicates through ANS.
Acute Stress
Short term response from the sympathetic nervous system.
Lasts few minutes to weeks
Includes responses of increased blood sugar, additional RBC, pulse quickens.
Chronic Stress
occurs due to continuous state of stress , keeps body alert, negative effects on health ( long term).
1. Hypothalamus secretes ACTH through pituitary
2. ACTH stimulates adrenal glands to release cortisol
3. Cortisol levels flow throughout day , stress causes them to raise
4. high stress leads to numerous health issues
Mindfulness
The awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose in the present moment, and non judgmentally.
MSBR
Refers to mindful based stress reduction
- widely studied as a technique to reduce negative side effects of stress.
- Decreased anxiety
- heightened sense of calmness, decrease stress
Fitness to practice
All of the qualities of an indiivdual relevant to their capacity as an RN including but not limited to, freedom from any physical or emotional conditions that affect the care of a nurse.
Declaring fit to practice
when renewing your practice, you must declare you are indeed fit to practice. Must advise CRNA if unable to due to physical or mental condition.
Responsibilities in being fit
Primary responsibility as a nurse is to maintain fitness and provide safe care.
- May be dispincipled if practicing while unfit
- May be investiaged if unethical unsafe behaviours
Physical Health and Wellness 6 factors
- Diet
- Sleep
- Lifestyle
- Sexual health
- Water
- Physical activity
Physical Activity
When geared towards minfulness , greater awarness and healtheir changes.
- Exceirse increases producivity
- increases endophrins
- paraysmpatheic increases more o2
- stronger heart, lungs
Types of activity
- Moderate intensity aerobic ( breathe harder , faster heart rate, able to speak)
- vigerous intensity aerobic ( faster heart beat, no speakig)
- Strengthening ( muscle buiding)
- Bone strengthening (push and pull)
Sexual Wellness
Found to be in accurate knowledge , personal, awareness self accept.
Apply same concept to patients
Sleep Hygiene
variety of practices to have a good sleep.
REM changes occur ; muscle twich and temp fluctuates
Emotional Wellness
The ability to express thoughts , feelings, cope with stress
Emotional stability helps individual recognize conflict as healthy
Having emotional wellness allows for that in practice.
Self Awareness and reflection
noticing emotions, understand them
notice , consider, adjust it
Social Networks
Social networks impact emotional wellbeing, having a connection
Emotional intellgence
ability to understand, use, manage emotions.
relieve stress and communicate with others
Positive physical health effects all dimensions
Maladaptive Emotions
- Denial
- Withdrawl
- Substance abuse
- Bullying
- Self harm
Choose to pause acknowlege, think and help
Healthier Plan
Pause
Acknowledge
Think
Help
Emotional wholeness and mindfulness
Having a awareness of self and including positive self talk , replaces negative emotions, increase self compassion.
Emotional wholeness is self care, gaining inner strength .
Empathy and resilience
Emotional wellness is linked to empathy, allows to understand another feelings. Allows to bounce back
Humor
The ability to perceive , enjoy, or express what is amusing , absurd etc. Include pyshsiological, emotional, cognitive, social behavioural aspects Optimism and hope increase the effects of humor on stress management.
Types of humor
- Affiliative ( build relations through humor)
- Self-enhancing ( maintain positive outlook, reduce stress)
- Aggressive ( attacks)
- Self Defeating ( demeans self efforts to build)
Benefits of Humor
- reduce pain through endorphins
- stress management
- postive emotions, boost mood ( satisfaction with health status)
- Linked to self esteem and optimsum
- Alleviates tension, fear
- Boost immunity
- Higher humor associated with lower perceived stress, higher self esteem
Psychological Social Cognitive
Psychological: laughter stimulates the cerebral cortex, which improves health
Social: humour can have social purpose, builds trust and reduces fear.
Cognitive: humour also boost attention and retention
Income
Income can determine your access to health-care and resources that you may need. Typically, the more income the stronger your physical health. In terms of your social status, one’s social and emotional health can be impacted as they may not take to self-care and care for their mental health.
Education
Education results in better employment usually and allows for more health care and improved intellectual and emotional wellness
Employment
Working conditions influence health where it can play a significant impact on their emotional health as well as financial support.
Social networks
relationships provide support, social isolation increases stress
Physical Environment
the environment can influence one’s access to health. Having a safe home is essential for allowing people to take time to relax. Having poor water and air quality can impact one physically.
Access to Health Services
Access and quality, immunization, education about health practices.
Biological
This can impact one’s emotional wellness. Heredity and other disabilities can affect one’s ability to get support. They would need more access to healthcare
Gender
Social roles, norms, issues faced
Social Environments
Cultures can influence challenegs faced
Food security and child development
Having a healthy child development means providing education, food, and emotional support to guide.
Food ava. impacts all aspects of health and income is the main determinant.
Individual health
Coping skills that people chose to manage stress. Coping skills can however be very harmful such as drinking etc . These can damage one’s wellness.
Social networks
Having a stable community of people can impact your health and can be impacted by where you live.
Effects of Stressors
Research: reported high stress levels and mental health distribution in nursing students.
Development of resilience is necessary, but often overlooked as part of education.
Stress affects nursing students and their academic performance. Leading to anxiety and illness. Learning to utilize and implement coping techniques lead to engaging with the stressors in a productive way.
Wellness
WHO’s new definition of Wellness:
“The optimal state of health of individuals and
groups”
The realization of the fullest potential of an
individual
The fulfillment of one’s role expectations
To reach full health, one must be able to identify and realize aspirations to meet needs and cope with enviorment.
Five Ways to Have Health Promotion
- Build health policy: creating policies that prio all sectors
- Support: safe, enjoyable environments
- Community Action: take collective effort and take control over their health
- Develop Personal skills: provide people with the info through education to make healthy choices and be aware.
- Reorientate Health : support needs of community’s and peoples specfi.
