Midterm 1 Review

Question 1

The laminae of L5 are present, however do not unite posteriorly. What is the most appropriate conclusion?

Answer 1

Spina bifida occulta

Question 2

Which of the following are an absolute contraindication to adjusting the upper cervical spine? (select all that apply)
- Os odontoideum
- Os terminale of bergman
- Pathologically increased ADI
- Agenesis of the odontoid
- C2-C3 block vertebra

Answer 2

• Os odontoideum
• Pathologically increased ADI
• Agenesis of the odontoid

Question 3

What is the most common form of hemivertebra?

Answer 3

lateral

Question 4

Which of the following is the most likely conclusion when 1 vertebral segment has 3 pedicles?
- ventral hemivertebra
- dorsal hemivertebra
- lateral hemivertebra
- diastomatomyelia
- klippel-feil syndrome

Answer 4

lateral hemivertebra

Question 5

Which of the following is not associated with Klippel-Feil syndrome?
- congenital block vertebra greater than 2 vertebral levels
- omovertebral bone
- plantar calcaneal enthesopathy
- urological abormalities
- sprengels deformity

Answer 5

plantar calcaneal enthesopathy

Question 6

Which of the following is often associated with diastomatomyelia?
- butterfly vertebra
- lateral hemivertebra
- ventral hemivertebra
- dorsal hemivertebra
- limbus bone

Answer 6

butterfly vertebra
(diastomatomyelia = rare congenital spinal cord malformation where the spinal cord splits into two distinct halves)

Question 7

Which of the following is considered a variant of a Schmorls node?
- butterfly vertebra
- lateral hemivertebra
- dorsal hemivertebra
- limbus bone

Answer 7

limbus bone

Question 8

Which of the following is associated with Turner’s syndrome? (select all that apply)
- madelung deformity
- omovertebral bone
- sprengels deformity
- brachymetacarpia
- stylohyoid ligament ossification

Answer 8

• madelung deformity
• brachymetacarpia

Question 9

Bilateral ribs are articulating with a vertebra near the CT junction with transverse processes oriented superiorly. Which of the following is most appropriate? (select all that apply)
- cervical ribs
- thoracic ribs
- normal finding
- lumbar ribs
- pathological finding

Answer 9

• thoracic ribs
• normal finding

Question 10

Eagle’s syndrome is associated with what diagnosis?

Answer 10

stylohyoid ligament ossification

Question 11

A lumbosacral transitional segment is noted with left sided articulation and right sided spatulation without articulation nor fusion. Which Castellvi classification is appropriate?

Answer 11

2A

Question 12

A lumbosacral transitional segment is noted with left sided fusion and right sided spatulation without articulation nor fusion. Which Castellvi classification is appropriate?

Answer 12

3A

Question 13

A lumbosacral transitional segment is noted with left sided fusion and right sided spatulation with articulation. Which Castellvi classification is appropriate?

Answer 13

4

Question 14

What is the most common rib anomaly?

Answer 14

Lushka’s bifurcated rib

Question 15

Which of the following is characteristic of, or associated with congenital hip dysplasia? (select all that apply)
- superolateral dislocation of the femur
- shallow acetabulum
- os acetabuli
- Putti’s triad
- large femoral capital epiphysis

Answer 15

• superolateral dislocation of the femur
• shallow acetabulum
• Putti’s triad

Question 16

Which tarsal coalition has been associated with an anteater nose appearance?

Answer 16

calcaneonavicular