(1,3) Elbow & Forearm Injuries Flashcards
What do fat pad signs indicate?
joint effusion
(d/t hemorrhage, inflammation, infection, intra-articular Fx)
Which fat pad of the elbow distends first?
anterior
Which fat pad sign is sensitive, not specific for an intra-capsular elbow fracture?
anterior
What is the radiographic term for the anterior fat pad?
sail sign
Which fat pad sign is more specific to an intra-capsular elbow fracture?
posterior
What is the most common elbow fracture in adults?
radial head/neck Fx
What is the most common elbow fracture in kids?
supracondylar Fx
What is the term for a transverse humeral fracture above the condyles, displacing the distal fragment posteriorly?
supracondylar Fx
What line is used to assess for a supracondylar fracture radiographically?
anterior humeral line
(should normally intersect 50% of capitellum)
What are the possible mechanisms of an olecranon fracture?
- direct trauma
- hyperflexion avulsion from triceps
Which elbow fracture may be referred to as a “chisel” fracture?
radial head/neck Fx
(convex capitellum splits concave radial head)
What are the radiographic findings of a radial head/neck fracture?
- may be subtle/occult
- displaced fat pads
- vertical Fx through head
- cortical deformity (impacted neck Fx)
What is the term for an osteochondral fracture of the capitellum?
Kocher fracture
What imaging is required if you suspect an intra-articular fracture?
MRI arthrogram
What is the term for avulsion of the medial humeral epicondyle in children?
little leaguer elbow
What is the mechanism of little leaguer elbow?
valgus stress on elbow + wrist flexion
What is the most common direction of elbow dislocation?
posterior
Reduction of a posterior elbow dislocation is associated with what other injury?
Fx of coronoid process
What is another name for a Nightstick fracture?
parry Fx
What is a nightstick fracture?
single Fx of ulna
What is the term for a fracture of the ulnar shaft, and dislocation of the radial head?
Monteggia fracture/dislocation
What is the term for a fracture of the distal radial shaft, and dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint?
Galeazzi fracture/dislocation
What is another name for a Galeazzi fracture/dislocation?
Piedmont Fx
