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Dinosaurs > Midterm 1 Part 3 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What two principles were used to develop the relative Geologic Time Scale?

A

Fossil Succession and Superposition

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2
Q

What causes strata to be turned upside down?

A

Tectonic plates moving

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3
Q

What is faunal succession?

A

Same thing as fossil succession. Different species from different times are found in specific rocks (based on age).

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4
Q

Define Index fossils

A

characteristic fossils of certain geological time periods

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5
Q

True or False: Fossil succession developed after Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

A

false.

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6
Q

Which cladistic group is identified by the sharing of evolutionary novelties/common ancestor?

A

Monophyletic

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7
Q

True or False: Dinosaurs have been found in Antarctica

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Why do paleontologists favor cladistics over other models?

A

Does not assume the fossil record is complete and unites taxa based on shared characteristics

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9
Q

Which rock type canNOT be radioactively dated?

A

Sedimentary

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10
Q

What is the closest relative to Dinosaurs?

A

Silesaurus

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11
Q

What are the two Archosaurian clades?

A

Crocodilians and BIRDS

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12
Q

What event caused dinosaurs to become the dominant terrestrial species?

A

Triassic-Jurassic extinction

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13
Q

What feature is unique to dinosaurs?

A

Muscle attachment to the humerus

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14
Q

True or False: DInosaur diagnostic characteristics are mainly related to posture.

A

True

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15
Q

What allowed scientists to find the absolute age of rocks?

A

Radiometric dating

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15
Q

What allowed scientists to find the absolute age of rocks?

A

Radiometric dating

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16
Q

When is it acceptable to use radiometric dating with carbon materials?

A

When the object is between 100 and 70k years. After that, the carbon is gone.

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17
Q

What types of rocks can be dated radiometrically?

A

Igneous

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18
Q

True or False: Scientists use radiometric dating on sedimentary rock.

A

False

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19
Q

True or False: Organic matter that is heated and put under pressure can turn into oils and gases.

A

True

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20
Q

True or False: The finer the grain of rock, the more likely it is to preserve fossils.

A

True

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21
Q

Define Lithification

A

Turning loose sediment into rock

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22
Q

How does lithification occur?

A

As more and more sediment is deposited on top, it becomes heavier and more compacted. The water disappears. There’s a reduction in the amount of poor space.

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23
Q

What are the four steps of creating sedimentary rock?

A

Weathering, Transportation, Deposition, Lithification

24
Q

Why are so many sedimentary fossils found in fluvial and lacustine environments?

A

Because of the weathering and transportation process involved in creating sedimentary rock. There’s water involved in moving sediment.

25
Q

What is a Deltaic depositional environment?

A

The space between standing water (like a lake or ocean) and a river.

26
Q

What is an Eolian depositional environment?

A

Sand dunes/areas between dunes

27
Q

What animals originated in the late Triassic (other than Dinosaurs)?

A

Crocodilians, Mammals, Dinosaurs, Pterosaurs, Plesiosaurs, Lizards

28
Q

Tetrapod

A

Terrestrial vertebrate

29
Q

What are the two main tetrapod clades?

A
  1. Amphibians
  2. Amniotes
30
Q

What characterizes amniotes from amphibians?

A

Special leathery eggs (vs. laying eggs dependent on water) and a better pelvis with vertebrae.

31
Q

True or False: Reptiles have more skull bones than amphibians

A

False

32
Q

Characteristics of basal tetrapods (amphibians)

A

Eggs in water, tons of skull bones, weaker limbs, larva stage

33
Q

What was the break-through that allowed vertebrates to fully conquer land?

A

The amniotic egg.

This egg had a harder shell that made it possible to lay eggs out of water. There is an amniotic sac surrounding the baby. The egg holds fluid but the shell prevents evaporation.

34
Q

Sauropsid

A

Reptile

35
Q

Complete the statement: The better developed limbs and hip bones allowed reptiles to adapt to _____ on land.

A

Walk

36
Q

How many temporal fenestra does an anapsid skull have?

A

0

37
Q

Examples of anapsid reptiles (basal reptiles, different from basal tetrapods)

A

Turtles - tortoises

38
Q

How many temporal fenestra does a diapsid skull have?

A

2

39
Q

How many temporal fenestra does a Euryapsid skull have?

A

1 at the top of the skull.

40
Q

Examples of Euryapsid vertebrates

A

Marine reptiles like plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs

41
Q

Examples of synapsid vertebrates

A

Mammals and their descendants

42
Q

How many temporal fenestra does a synapsid vertebrate have?

A

One, lower down

43
Q

thecodonts

A

Teeth set in sockets

44
Q

What are some examples of Archosaur characters?

A

Thecodonts, Muscle attachment to the femur, diapsid, Antiorbital fenestra, mandibular fenestra, unidirectional air flow through lungs

45
Q

Definition of Dinosauria

A

Triceratops + Birds

46
Q

What were the first dinosaurs to ever live?

A

Probably Eoraptor?

47
Q

What was the Triassic-Jurassic extinction?

A

Some extinction event that killed all the archosaurs except the dinosaurs and some crocodilians

48
Q

Who were the key players in the great dinosaur rush?

A

Cope and Marsh

49
Q

Who were the key players in the dinosaur renaissance?

A

John Ostrom, Robert Bakker, Polish Mongolian expedition by the Soviets

50
Q

Microevolution

A

Shows evolution between one species to the next in terms of hundreds of thousands of years.

51
Q

Macroevolution

A

Usually involves changing kingdoms and phylums and takes place over millions of years

Also refers to MAJOR changes within a species

52
Q

Mentulary bone? Spelling?

A

Found only in female dinosaurs. Stores calcium for egg laying

53
Q

Obligatory quadraped

A

Must walk on 4 leggs all the time

54
Q

Obligatory biped

A

Must walk on 2 legs al lthe time

55
Q

Facultative quadraped

A

can walk on 4 legs, but usually walks on 2

56
Q

Facultative biped

A

can walk on two legs but usually walks on 4

57
Q

Index fossils

A

guide fossils

Dinosaurs (8 decks)

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