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Plant Biodiversity > Midterm 1 Part 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Part 1 Flashcards

This section goes up to and stops before fruit

1
Q

Morphologically distinct identities

A

Morphological species concept

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2
Q

Linnaeus believed species were created by God

A

Morphological species concept

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3
Q

Based on ability of two organisms to sexually interact and produce a viable offspring

A

Biological species concept

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4
Q

Mayr

A

Biological species concept

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5
Q

Species evolving lineages

A

Evolutionary species concept

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6
Q

Darwin

A

Evolutionary species concept

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7
Q

Plant Life-cycle duration = One Year

A

Annual

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8
Q

Plant Life-cycle duration = Two Year

A

Biennial

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9
Q

Plant Life-cycle duration = Three+ Years

A

Perennials

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10
Q

Annual

A

they germinate, grow vegetatively, form flowers, and produce fruits and seeds.

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11
Q

Biennial

A

vegetative in the 1st year and produce flowers/fruit/seeds in the 2nd year.

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12
Q

Perennial

A

live for three or more years and usually flower and fruit yearly once they reach to sexual maturity.

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13
Q

Where are leaves and axillary buds produced?

A

Nodes

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14
Q

If plant is cut at ______, the closest bud will start growing a new stem

A

Internode

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15
Q

horizontal underground stems, with distinct internodes bearing scale-like leaves

A

Rhizomes

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16
Q

Underground and resemble rhziomes via elongated internodes

A

Stolons

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17
Q

above ground, thinner than rhizomes with less obvious scale like leaves

A

Runners

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18
Q

when root of runner breaks it forms

A

2 separate plants

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19
Q

very swollen & fleshy tip of a stolon

A

Tuber

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20
Q

very short, disk-like, underground stem surrounded by thick, fleshy (modified) leaves

A

Bulb

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21
Q

the bulb leaves cover entirely each other

A

Layered bulbs

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22
Q

the bulb leaves cover only partially each other

A

Scaly Bulbs

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23
Q

short, erect, underground, fleshy stem covered with thin, dry (modified) leaves called tunics

A

Corm

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24
Q

all the leaves at the base of the stem forming a rosette

A

Basal Leaves

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25
Q

leaves one at each node

A

Alternate leaves

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26
Q

leaves borne in pairs, commonly rotated at 90 degrees

A

Opposite leaves

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27
Q

three or more leaves at a node

A

Whorled leaves

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28
Q

simple leaf?

A

has a single blade

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29
Q

compound leaf

A

contains several blades (leaflets)

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30
Q

leaf duration?

A

most leaves last 1-2 growing seasons

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31
Q

deciduous leaves?

A

fall off at the end of the growing season

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32
Q

Midvein or Primary vein=?

A

the most prominent vein in the leaf

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33
Q

dichotomous leaves?

A

veins that branch in twos

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34
Q

pinnate leaves?

A

a single primary vein with the secondary veins arising along its length like the teeth of a comb

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35
Q

Palmate leaves?

A

with several major veins radiating from the base of the blade

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36
Q

Parallel leaves?

A

numerous parallel veins from the base of the blade.

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37
Q

Ovate leaf shape?

A

widest near the base

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38
Q

Obovate leaf shape?

A

widest near the apex

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39
Q

elliptic leaf shape?

A

widest in the middle

40
Q

Oblong leaf shape

A

Parallel being widest at base and apex

41
Q

small teeth like incision (saw)

A

serrate

42
Q

pointed outwards

A

Dentate

43
Q

round serrated edges

A

Crenate

44
Q

Round edges

A

Sinuate

45
Q

Peduncle

A

stalk of the flower

46
Q

The swollen part at the end of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached

A

Receptacle

47
Q

Calyx + Corolla =?

A

Perianth

48
Q

The outer parts of the flower (often green and leaf-like) which enclose the flower.

A

Sepal

49
Q

Totality of sepals in a flower constitute the _____?

A

Calyx

50
Q

The parts of a flower that are often conspicuously colored.

A

Petals

51
Q

The totality of petals in a flower constitute the _____?

A

corolla.

52
Q

When the Sepals & Petals are identical, they are both called ___?

A

Tepals

53
Q

the totality of stamens in a flower is referred to as the???

A

Androecium

54
Q

A stamen is formed from _____, which is supported by a slender ______?

A

anther

filament

55
Q

totality of carpels in a flower. is referred to as???

A

Gynoacium

56
Q

A carpel is formed from?

A

ovary
style
stigma

57
Q

The enlarged basal portion of the carpels where ovules are produced.

A

Ovary

58
Q

Style

A

the part supporting the stigma

59
Q

The part where pollen germinates.

A

Stigma

60
Q

Male and female flowers on the same individual

A

Monoecious

61
Q

Male and female flowers are separated on different individuals, which are therefore, male and female.

A

Dioecious

62
Q

Actinomorphic

A

Radially symmetric; divisible into two essentially equal portions along any median longitudinal plane (it has multiple plans of symmetry).

63
Q

Bilaterally symmetric; divisible into two essentially equal portions along only one median longitudinal plane (it has only one plane of symmetry).

A

Zygomorphic

64
Q

Calyx with fused sepals is composed of???

A

calyx tube and calyx lobes

65
Q

corolla that has shape of a funnel with a narrow funnel like bottom and progressively wider top

A

funnelform

66
Q

corolla tube narrow-cylindrical and lobes more or less perpendicular on it.

A

Salveform

67
Q

corolla tube narrow cylindrical opens asymmetrically into one formation called “ligule” (which is the result of fusion among all the petals). Zygomorphic

A

Ligulate

68
Q

corolla is tubular with teeth or lobes. Actinomorphic

A

Tubular

69
Q

corolla tube is very short and the lobes are flared in such a way the flower looks like a wheel or like a star (e.g., potato flower).

A

Rotate

70
Q

corolla tube is cylindrical and opens in two “labia” or “lips”. Usually the upper lip results from the fusion of 2 petals while the lower lips originates from 3 fused petals.

A

Bilabiate

71
Q

shaped like an urn.

A

Urceolate

72
Q

K5 = ?

A

5 sepals, free

73
Q

K(5) =

A

5 sepals, fused

74
Q

C5 =

A

5 petals, free

75
Q

C(5) =

A

5 petals, fused

76
Q

C 2+2 =

A

4 petals, free but on 2 different circles

77
Q

Didynamous:

A

Androecium with 4 stamens: 2 have longer filaments, and 2 shorter ex. Mint family

78
Q

Tetradynamous:

A

Androecium with 6 stamens: 4 have longer filaments, and 2 shorter ex. Cabbage family

79
Q

Monadelphous:

A

All the stamens are fused in a group (regardless of their number) ex. Malvaceae family

80
Q

Diadelphous:

A

Stamens fused in 2 “groups”. In the case of Fabaceae: one group has 9 stamens and one “group” only 1 stamen ex. Fabaceae(bean) family

81
Q

the morphology of pollen is associated with????

A

the type of vector that helps spread the pollen.

82
Q

A5 =

A

5 stamens, free

83
Q

A(5) =

A

5 stamens, fused

84
Q

A2.2 =

A

4 stamens but 2 of the stamens are different, e.g. didynamous androecium.

85
Q

A 3 + 3 =

A

6 stamens but on two different circles

86
Q

Ovary base is underneath the insertion point of perianth elements

A

Inferior Ovary

87
Q

Ovary based above the the insertion point of perianth gynoecium

A

superior ovary

88
Q

Syncarpous =

A

fused carpels

89
Q

Apocarpous =

A

free carpels

90
Q

Spike inflorescence

A

Unbranched inflorescence with sessile flowers

91
Q

Unbranched inflorescence with flowers on pedicels having  equal lengths and originating from different levels on the inflorescence axis

A

Raceme

92
Q

A compound raceme (or “branched” raceme): a raceme bearing racemes.

A

Panicle

93
Q

Flat-topped inflorescence with gradually unequal pedicels arising at different levels on the inflorescence axis.

A

Corymb

94
Q

A thick, fleshy spike of unisexual flowers that lack a perianth, often surrounded by a funnel-like bract called spathe, which is often brightly colored. The male flowers are typically clustered above the female flowers on an erect, phallus-like spike. Characteristic to the arum family (Araceae).

A

Spadix

95
Q

Umbel

A

Flat-topped inflorescence with all the pedicels arising from a common point. [Includes simple and compound umbels.] Characteristic to Apiaceae.

96
Q

A spike-like inflorescence of unisexual, flowers with no perianth, often pendent and falling as a unit.

A

Catkin or Ament

97
Q

Capitulum

A

A short, dense inflorescence of sessile flowers attached to a common receptacle. This is the characteristic inflorescence of the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

Plant Biodiversity (2 decks)

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