Midterm 1 Part 1

Question 1

Morphologically distinct identities

Answer 1

Morphological species concept

Question 2

Linnaeus believed species were created by God

Answer 2

Morphological species concept

Question 3

Based on ability of two organisms to sexually interact and produce a viable offspring

Answer 3

Biological species concept

Question 4

Mayr

Answer 4

Biological species concept

Question 5

Species evolving lineages

Answer 5

Evolutionary species concept

Question 6

Darwin

Answer 6

Evolutionary species concept

Question 7

Plant Life-cycle duration = One Year

Answer 7

Annual

Question 8

Plant Life-cycle duration = Two Year

Answer 8

Biennial

Question 9

Plant Life-cycle duration = Three+ Years

Answer 9

Perennials

Question 10

Annual

Answer 10

they germinate, grow vegetatively, form flowers, and produce fruits and seeds.

Question 11

Biennial

Answer 11

vegetative in the 1st year and produce flowers/fruit/seeds in the 2nd year.

Question 12

Perennial

Answer 12

live for three or more years and usually flower and fruit yearly once they reach to sexual maturity.

Question 13

Where are leaves and axillary buds produced?

Answer 13

Nodes

Question 14

If plant is cut at ______, the closest bud will start growing a new stem

Answer 14

Internode

Question 15

horizontal underground stems, with distinct internodes bearing scale-like leaves

Answer 15

Rhizomes

Question 16

Underground and resemble rhziomes via elongated internodes

Answer 16

Stolons

Question 17

above ground, thinner than rhizomes with less obvious scale like leaves

Answer 17

Runners

Question 18

when root of runner breaks it forms

Answer 18

2 separate plants

Question 19

very swollen & fleshy tip of a stolon

Answer 19

Tuber

Question 20

very short, disk-like, underground stem surrounded by thick, fleshy (modified) leaves

Answer 20

Bulb

Question 21

the bulb leaves cover entirely each other

Answer 21

Layered bulbs

Question 22

the bulb leaves cover only partially each other

Answer 22

Scaly Bulbs

Question 23

short, erect, underground, fleshy stem covered with thin, dry (modified) leaves called tunics

Answer 23

Corm

Question 24

all the leaves at the base of the stem forming a rosette

Answer 24

Basal Leaves

Question 25

leaves one at each node

Answer 25

Alternate leaves

Question 26

leaves borne in pairs, commonly rotated at 90 degrees

Answer 26

Opposite leaves

Question 27

three or more leaves at a node

Answer 27

Whorled leaves

Question 28

simple leaf?

Answer 28

has a single blade

Question 29

compound leaf

Answer 29

contains several blades (leaflets)

Question 30

leaf duration?

Answer 30

most leaves last 1-2 growing seasons

Question 31

deciduous leaves?

Answer 31

fall off at the end of the growing season

Question 32

Midvein or Primary vein=?

Answer 32

the most prominent vein in the leaf

Question 33

dichotomous leaves?

Answer 33

veins that branch in twos

Question 34

pinnate leaves?

Answer 34

a single primary vein with the secondary veins arising along its length like the teeth of a comb

Question 35

Palmate leaves?

Answer 35

with several major veins radiating from the base of the blade

Question 36

Parallel leaves?

Answer 36

numerous parallel veins from the base of the blade.

Question 37

Ovate leaf shape?

Answer 37

widest near the base

Question 38

Obovate leaf shape?

Answer 38

widest near the apex

Question 39

elliptic leaf shape?

Answer 39

widest in the middle

Question 40

Oblong leaf shape

Answer 40

Parallel being widest at base and apex

Question 41

small teeth like incision (saw)

Answer 41

serrate

Question 42

pointed outwards

Answer 42

Dentate

Question 43

round serrated edges

Answer 43

Crenate

Question 44

Round edges

Answer 44

Sinuate

Question 45

Peduncle

Answer 45

stalk of the flower

Question 46

The swollen part at the end of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached

Answer 46

Receptacle

Question 47

Calyx + Corolla =?

Answer 47

Perianth

Question 48

The outer parts of the flower (often green and leaf-like) which enclose the flower.

Answer 48

Sepal

Question 49

Totality of sepals in a flower constitute the _____?

Answer 49

Calyx

Question 50

The parts of a flower that are often conspicuously colored.

Answer 50

Petals

Question 51

The totality of petals in a flower constitute the _____?

Answer 51

corolla.

Question 52

When the Sepals & Petals are identical, they are both called ___?

Answer 52

Tepals

Question 53

the totality of stamens in a flower is referred to as the???

Answer 53

Androecium

Question 54

A stamen is formed from _____, which is supported by a slender ______?

Answer 54

anther filament

Question 55

totality of carpels in a flower. is referred to as???

Answer 55

Gynoacium

Question 56

A carpel is formed from?

Answer 56

ovary style stigma

Question 57

The enlarged basal portion of the carpels where ovules are produced.

Answer 57

Ovary

Question 58

Style

Answer 58

the part supporting the stigma

Question 59

The part where pollen germinates.

Answer 59

Stigma

Question 60

Male and female flowers on the same individual

Answer 60

Monoecious

Question 61

Male and female flowers are separated on different individuals, which are therefore, male and female.

Answer 61

Dioecious

Question 62

Actinomorphic

Answer 62

Radially symmetric; divisible into two essentially equal portions along any median longitudinal plane (it has multiple plans of symmetry).

Question 63

Bilaterally symmetric; divisible into two essentially equal portions along only one median longitudinal plane (it has only one plane of symmetry).

Answer 63

Zygomorphic

Question 64

Calyx with fused sepals is composed of???

Answer 64

calyx tube and calyx lobes

Question 65

corolla that has shape of a funnel with a narrow funnel like bottom and progressively wider top

Answer 65

funnelform

Question 66

corolla tube narrow-cylindrical and lobes more or less perpendicular on it.

Answer 66

Salveform

Question 67

corolla tube narrow cylindrical opens asymmetrically into one formation called “ligule” (which is the result of fusion among all the petals). Zygomorphic

Answer 67

Ligulate

Question 68

corolla is tubular with teeth or lobes. Actinomorphic

Answer 68

Tubular

Question 69

corolla tube is very short and the lobes are flared in such a way the flower looks like a wheel or like a star (e.g., potato flower).

Answer 69

Rotate

Question 70

corolla tube is cylindrical and opens in two “labia” or “lips”. Usually the upper lip results from the fusion of 2 petals while the lower lips originates from 3 fused petals.

Answer 70

Bilabiate

Question 71

shaped like an urn.

Answer 71

Urceolate

Question 72

K5 = ?

Answer 72

5 sepals, free

Question 73

K(5) =

Answer 73

5 sepals, fused

Question 74

C5 =

Answer 74

5 petals, free

Question 75

C(5) =

Answer 75

5 petals, fused

Question 76

C 2+2 =

Answer 76

4 petals, free but on 2 different circles

Question 77

Didynamous:

Answer 77

Androecium with 4 stamens: 2 have longer filaments, and 2 shorter ex. Mint family

Question 78

Tetradynamous:

Answer 78

Androecium with 6 stamens: 4 have longer filaments, and 2 shorter ex. Cabbage family

Question 79

Monadelphous:

Answer 79

All the stamens are fused in a group (regardless of their number) ex. Malvaceae family

Question 80

Diadelphous:

Answer 80

Stamens fused in 2 “groups”. In the case of Fabaceae: one group has 9 stamens and one “group” only 1 stamen ex. Fabaceae(bean) family

Question 81

the morphology of pollen is associated with????

Answer 81

the type of vector that helps spread the pollen.

Question 82

A5 =

Answer 82

5 stamens, free

Question 83

A(5) =

Answer 83

5 stamens, fused

Question 84

A2.2 =

Answer 84

4 stamens but 2 of the stamens are different, e.g. didynamous androecium.

Question 85

A 3 + 3 =

Answer 85

6 stamens but on two different circles

Question 86

Ovary base is underneath the insertion point of perianth elements

Answer 86

Inferior Ovary

Question 87

Ovary based above the the insertion point of perianth gynoecium

Answer 87

superior ovary

Question 88

Syncarpous =

Answer 88

fused carpels

Question 89

Apocarpous =

Answer 89

free carpels

Question 90

Spike inflorescence

Answer 90

Unbranched inflorescence with sessile flowers

Question 91

Unbranched inflorescence with flowers on pedicels having  equal lengths and originating from different levels on the inflorescence axis

Answer 91

Raceme

Question 92

A compound raceme (or “branched” raceme): a raceme bearing racemes.

Answer 92

Panicle

Question 93

Flat-topped inflorescence with gradually unequal pedicels arising at different levels on the inflorescence axis.

Answer 93

Corymb

Question 94

A thick, fleshy spike of unisexual flowers that lack a perianth, often surrounded by a funnel-like bract called spathe, which is often brightly colored. The male flowers are typically clustered above the female flowers on an erect, phallus-like spike. Characteristic to the arum family (Araceae).

Answer 94

Spadix

Question 95

Umbel

Answer 95

Flat-topped inflorescence with all the pedicels arising from a common point. [Includes simple and compound umbels.] Characteristic to Apiaceae.

Question 96

A spike-like inflorescence of unisexual, flowers with no perianth, often pendent and falling as a unit.

Answer 96

Catkin or Ament

Question 97

Capitulum

Answer 97

A short, dense inflorescence of sessile flowers attached to a common receptacle. This is the characteristic inflorescence of the sunflower family (Asteraceae).