Midterm 1 Note Cards

Question 1

Introspection

Answer 1

“look inside to see whats going on”

-give people different stimuli and then ask the individuals to describe it.

-You have awareness in your mind you just have to convey it

Question 2

Behaviorism

Answer 2

behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning and altering behavior patterns.

Question 3

Cognitivism:

Answer 3

can’t directly observe mental processes, and must infer/ guess on what’s going on

Question 4

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 4

the scientific study of mental processes: perception, attention, memory, language, reasoning, problem solving, decision making

Question 5

Cognitive revolution

Answer 5

move away from behaviorism and more towards cognition

Question 6

donder’s method

Answer 6

three seperate tasks: you see a colored square and you hit the button as fast as you can depending on the rules

Question 7

donder’s method: simple reaction time

Answer 7

2 stages: stimulus -> detection -> response -> simple reaction time

Question 8

donder’s method: go/no go reaction test

Answer 8

3 stages: stimulus -> detection -> discrimination -> response -> go/no go reaction time

Question 9

donder’s method: choice key

Answer 9

4 stages: stimulus -> detection -> discrimination(color) -> selection-> response -> choice reaction time

Question 10

Problems with introspection

Answer 10

difficulty to verify, private events not public→ relying on individuals to be honest, end product → the process isnt properly explained

Question 11

Behaviorism examples

Answer 11

-little albert: gave a baby a rat → gave the rat again and then bang pans behind him → removed pans and gave rat → baby still cried

-Innovations in advertising: stimulus to response relationship → manipulate the simulus so much that you want to buy the products shown

Question 12

Law of Effect:

Answer 12

behaviors that are followed by satisfying state of affairs will become strengthened. Behaviors that are followed by either no reward or by punishment will be weakened

Question 13

Law of Effect (thorndike study)

Answer 13

• put a cat in a cage → cat cries →if the cat can pull the lever it can escape → measured how long it takes the cat to get out → after 600 seconds the cat pulled the lever → put the cat back in the cage → after more trials the cat would learn to open the cage
• Conclusion: the cat learned that crying wouldn’t work so it opened the cage.

Question 14

Problems wit Behaviorism:

Answer 14

• can account for diversity of human behavior
  
  • language, navigations etc.
• Perhaps limitation to observable isn’t necesarily scientific
  
  • electrons, genes
• Behaviorism was a flop for applying issues in WW2
  
  • radar and plane issues

Question 15

Cognitive Maps

Answer 15

an mental representation of the location around us