Midterm 1 Latin Grammar

Question 1

nominative case is the

Answer 1

subject

Question 2

genitive case is the

Answer 2

possessive, shows ownership, origin, or otherwise relationship

i.e. a Roman road or road in Rome is a “via Romae”

Roma is feminine, -ae is singular genitive stem of feminine

Question 2

accusitive case is the

Answer 2

usually the direct object, what the subject and verb act on

ie: Ego amo sirupum

(I love syrup)

sirupus is a masculine noun, changes to sirupum with the accusitive sense

works with latin preposition “in” to mean “into,” as well as “inter” to mean “between”

(note: “in” when in combination with a noun with an ablative stem means the same as the english “in” and not “into” like it does with the accusitive conjugation)

Question 2

ablative case is the

Answer 2

expresses separation, indirection, or the means by which an action is performed. in English, generally expressed with prepositions like “by” “with” “from” “in” and “on”

in Latin, these prepositions are ones like “cum” “prae” “de” “a/ab” “ex” “in” which precede a dative-stemmed noun

example:

Ego ambulor cum medico

(I am walking with doctor)

“medico” is masculine singular with ablative stem

Question 3

dative case is the

Answer 3

indirect object, recipient of the direct object

ie:

Ego dono librum medico claro

(I give a book to the famous doctor)

“librum” is conjugated in the accusitive stem as the object to be given, “medico” is conjugated with the dative stem as the recipient of the object, and claro is an adjective describing the doctor and must match the conjugation of the noun it describes

Question 5

ablative neuter stems (2nd declension)

Answer 5

-o -is

Question 6

Ablative stems for “-a” feminine nouns (1st declension)

Answer 6

-a -is

Question 6

ablative stems for “-us” masculine nouns (2nd declension)

Answer 6

-o -is

Question 8

accusitive neuter stems (2nd declension)

Answer 8

-um -a

Question 9

accusitive stems for “-a” feminine nouns (1st declension)

Answer 9

-am -as

Question 10

dative neuter stems (2nd declension)

Answer 10

-o -is

Question 12

dative stems for “-a” feminine nouns (1st declension)

Answer 12

-ae -is

Question 12

dative stems for “-us” masculine nouns (2nd declension)

Answer 12

-o -is

Question 14

genitive neuter stems (2nd declension)

Answer 14

-i -orum

Question 15

genitive stems for “-us” masculine nouns (2nd declension)

Answer 15

-i -orum

Question 16

genitive stems for “-a” feminine nouns (1st declension)

Answer 16

-ae -arum

Question 17

nominative neuter stems (2nd declension)

Answer 17

-um -a

Question 18

nominative stems for “-a” feminine nouns (1st declension)

Answer 18

-a -ae

Question 19

nominative stems for “-us” masculine nouns (2nd declension)

Answer 19

• us -i
  note: some masculine nouns end in “er” or “ir” in nominative case, and are conjugated slightly differently where the the stem comes after er/ir (i.e. puer -> pueri for nominative plural)

Question 20

accusitive stems for “-us” masculine nouns (2nd declension)

Answer 20

-um -os