Midterm 1: Introduction + Hand Instruments/Sharpening Flashcards
What does IPS stand for?
Integrated Preclinical Sciences
Preclinical restorative courses are designed to get you ready for __________.
Clinic
What is PRD?
Preventative and Restorative Dentistry
What are preventing?
Disease
What categories of disease does IPS Operative Dentistry cover?
Primary
Secondary
What is primary disease prevention?
prevents disease before it occurs
Ex. fissure sealants, fluoride treatment, etc.
What is secondary disease prevention?
Eliminates or reduces disease after it occurs
Ex. composite restorations, amalgam restorations, fillings, etc.
Operative Dentistry s the art and science of diagnosing defects of teeth, treatment planning these cases and treating them with ______________ to restore _______, _________, __________, and ________ for the patient.
direct restorations
comfort
health
function
esthetics
What are the parts of a bur?
Head
Neck
Shank
What does the head of a bur do?
Part of bur that cuts/polishes/finishes
variety of shapes/sizes/materials
What is the neck of a bur?
Part of bur that tapers to connect shank to head
What is the shank of a bur?
Part of bur that is inserted into the handpiece
How do you grab/hold the handpiece?
modified pen grasp
What is the length of a 330 bur?
1.5 mm
What is the main characteristic of the hatchet?
2 cutting edges:
Primary cutting edge
Secondary cutting edge
What is the 3/4 number designation?
Used to describe the measurements of the instruments
What does the first number mean in the 3 Number Designation?
1st number: WIDTH OF THE BLADE IN TENTHS OF A MM
Ex. 15-8-14 Hatchet
Hatchet is 1.5 mm wide
What does the second number mean in the 3 Number Designation?
2nd number: LENGTH OF THE BLADE IN MM
Ex. 15-8-14 Hatchet
Hatchet is 8 mm long
What does the third number mean in the 3 Number Designation?
3rd number: ANGLE BLADE FORMS WITH HANDLE
Ex. 15-8-14 Hatchet
14º angle
What does the first number mean in the 4 Number Designation?
1st number: WIDTH OF THE BLADE IN TENTHS OF A MM
Ex. 15-98-10-14
blade is 1.5 mm in width
What does the second number mean in the 4 Number Designation?
2nd number: ANGLE OF CUTTING EDGE WITH HANDLE
Ex. 15-98-10-14
Blade forms 98º angle with the blade
What does the third number mean in the 4 Number Designation?
3rd number: LENGTH OF BLADE IN MM
Ex. 15-98-10-14
10mm blade length
What does the fourth number mean in the 4 Number Designation?
4th number: ANGLE OF BLADE WITH HANDLE
What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #1 end?
0.4mm diameter
1.5mm long
What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #2 end?
0.75mm diameter
2.0 mm long
What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #3 end?
1.0mm diameter
3.0 mm long
What must you do to the stone prior to sharpening?
Lubricate it
What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #4 end?
1.5 mm diameter
4.0 mm long
When sharpening the instrument, the instrument should be held ____________ (vertically/horizontally) with the bevel _____________ (up/down).
horizontally
down
What are the 8 structures within teeth?
- alveolar bone
- gingiva
- dentin
- enamel
- pulp
- cementum
- periodontal ligament
- apical foramen
Enamel is almost completely ___________.
mineral (hydroxyapatite)
What is hydroxyapatite?
- crystalline calcium
- phosphate
- water
- fluoride
- carbonate
*6. small amount of structural collagen
What is the basic unit of enamel?
hydroxyapatite crystallite
Enamel is stacked together in enamel _____ which have a roughly cylindrical shape. The spaces between the cylinders are occupied with similar crystallites in a ____________ orientation.
rods
perpendicular/irregular
The enamel rods are oriented lengthwise from the ______ to the _________.
DEJ
tooth surface
What is enamel composition?
- Mineral
- Protein/lipid
- Water
Apatite is a ____________ group. Two types of apatite is ___________ and _________.
Mineral (Ca5(PO4)3)
hydroxyapatite
fluorapatite
Hydroxyapatite is a _____________ packed into ___________ in enamel.
hexagonal crystallite
rods
Each enamel rod is ______________-shaped and has a head and a tail.
Key-hole
TRUE OR FALSE
Hydroxyapatite is present in both dentin and enamel.
TRUE
Enamel rods are formed by cells called ___________.
ameloblasts
What is carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (CHA) and what is its function?
Naturally occurring version of apatite
increases the solubility of hydroxyapatite
EASIER TO DECAY
Enamel rods and crystallites make a key hole shape. The circular top of the keyhole is formed by a(n) ___________ rod and the bottom part is the ______________.
enamel
crystallites
TRUE OR FALSE
Unit cell (hydroxyapatite) –> crystallite –> enamel rod or prism
TRUE
The tails of enamel rods tend to be more ________ and have less __________ content, which means it is ______________ (easier/harder) to decay.
organic
mineral
easier
Enamel rods start at the _______________.
Dentino-enamel Junction (DEJ)
What is the composition of dentin?
- Mineral
- Organic collagen
- Water
What is the DEJ?
The interface between dentin and enamel
Where does enamel and dentin begin their formation at?
DEJ
What are dentinal tubules?
Tunnels from pulp towards DEJ
Larger/more numerous near pulp
Fluid filled
At DEJ, dentinal tubules are more ____________(moist/dry) and near the pup are more _______________ (moist/dry) and ___________ (wide/narrow).
dry
moist
wide
What is inter-tubular dentin?
mineralized matrix between the dentinal tubules
What proteins are in inter-tubular dentin?
- Collagen
- Enzymes (MMP)
What is MMP?
Matrix metalloproteinase
concern for dentin bonding
What forms dentin?
Odontoblasts
dentin-forming cells
lay down secondary dentin
susceptible to injury from heat and toxins
Where are odontoblasts in dentin tubules?
at the bottom of the dentin tubules
closer to the outer surface of the pulp
What are odontoblastic processes?
extensions of odontoblasts into dentinal tubules
end SHORT of the DEJ
What is predentin?
Layer of immature dentin
Layer of mineralized and cellular tissue surrounding pulp (less mineralized than dentin
Predentin is _________ (more/less) mineralized than dentin and more _________ (opaque/translucent) .
less
opaque
What is the function of sensory nerves?
Monitor fluid changes in dentinal tubules
What is pulp?
Nerve/circulatory connective tissue
immune cells
