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Operative > Midterm 1: Introduction + Hand Instruments/Sharpening > Flashcards

Midterm 1: Introduction + Hand Instruments/Sharpening Flashcards

1
Q

What does IPS stand for?

A

Integrated Preclinical Sciences

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2
Q

Preclinical restorative courses are designed to get you ready for __________.

A

Clinic

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3
Q

What is PRD?

A

Preventative and Restorative Dentistry

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4
Q

What are preventing?

A

Disease

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5
Q

What categories of disease does IPS Operative Dentistry cover?

A

Primary
Secondary

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6
Q

What is primary disease prevention?

A

prevents disease before it occurs
Ex. fissure sealants, fluoride treatment, etc.

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7
Q

What is secondary disease prevention?

A

Eliminates or reduces disease after it occurs
Ex. composite restorations, amalgam restorations, fillings, etc.

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8
Q

Operative Dentistry s the art and science of diagnosing defects of teeth, treatment planning these cases and treating them with ______________ to restore _______, _________, __________, and ________ for the patient.

A

direct restorations

comfort
health
function
esthetics

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9
Q

What are the parts of a bur?

A

Head
Neck
Shank

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10
Q

What does the head of a bur do?

A

Part of bur that cuts/polishes/finishes
variety of shapes/sizes/materials

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11
Q

What is the neck of a bur?

A

Part of bur that tapers to connect shank to head

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12
Q

What is the shank of a bur?

A

Part of bur that is inserted into the handpiece

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13
Q

How do you grab/hold the handpiece?

A

modified pen grasp

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14
Q

What is the length of a 330 bur?

A

1.5 mm

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15
Q

What is the main characteristic of the hatchet?

A

2 cutting edges:
Primary cutting edge
Secondary cutting edge

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16
Q

What is the 3/4 number designation?

A

Used to describe the measurements of the instruments

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17
Q

What does the first number mean in the 3 Number Designation?

A

1st number: WIDTH OF THE BLADE IN TENTHS OF A MM
Ex. 15-8-14 Hatchet
Hatchet is 1.5 mm wide

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18
Q

What does the second number mean in the 3 Number Designation?

A

2nd number: LENGTH OF THE BLADE IN MM
Ex. 15-8-14 Hatchet
Hatchet is 8 mm long

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19
Q

What does the third number mean in the 3 Number Designation?

A

3rd number: ANGLE BLADE FORMS WITH HANDLE
Ex. 15-8-14 Hatchet
14º angle

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20
Q

What does the first number mean in the 4 Number Designation?

A

1st number: WIDTH OF THE BLADE IN TENTHS OF A MM
Ex. 15-98-10-14
blade is 1.5 mm in width

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21
Q

What does the second number mean in the 4 Number Designation?

A

2nd number: ANGLE OF CUTTING EDGE WITH HANDLE
Ex. 15-98-10-14
Blade forms 98º angle with the blade

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22
Q

What does the third number mean in the 4 Number Designation?

A

3rd number: LENGTH OF BLADE IN MM
Ex. 15-98-10-14
10mm blade length

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23
Q

What does the fourth number mean in the 4 Number Designation?

A

4th number: ANGLE OF BLADE WITH HANDLE

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24
Q

What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #1 end?

A

0.4mm diameter
1.5mm long

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25
Q

What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #2 end?

A

0.75mm diameter
2.0 mm long

26
Q

What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #3 end?

A

1.0mm diameter
3.0 mm long

27
Q

What must you do to the stone prior to sharpening?

A

Lubricate it

28
Q

What is the diameter/length of the Stevenson #4 end?

A

1.5 mm diameter
4.0 mm long

29
Q

When sharpening the instrument, the instrument should be held ____________ (vertically/horizontally) with the bevel _____________ (up/down).

A

horizontally
down

30
Q

What are the 8 structures within teeth?

A
  1. alveolar bone
  2. gingiva
  3. dentin
  4. enamel
  5. pulp
  6. cementum
  7. periodontal ligament
  8. apical foramen
31
Q

Enamel is almost completely ___________.

A

mineral (hydroxyapatite)

32
Q

What is hydroxyapatite?

A
  1. crystalline calcium
  2. phosphate
  3. water
  4. fluoride
  5. carbonate
    *6. small amount of structural collagen
33
Q

What is the basic unit of enamel?

A

hydroxyapatite crystallite

34
Q

Enamel is stacked together in enamel _____ which have a roughly cylindrical shape. The spaces between the cylinders are occupied with similar crystallites in a ____________ orientation.

A

rods
perpendicular/irregular

35
Q

The enamel rods are oriented lengthwise from the ______ to the _________.

A

DEJ
tooth surface

36
Q

What is enamel composition?

A
  1. Mineral
  2. Protein/lipid
  3. Water
37
Q

Apatite is a ____________ group. Two types of apatite is ___________ and _________.

A

Mineral (Ca5(PO4)3)
hydroxyapatite
fluorapatite

38
Q

Hydroxyapatite is a _____________ packed into ___________ in enamel.

A

hexagonal crystallite
rods

39
Q

Each enamel rod is ______________-shaped and has a head and a tail.

A

Key-hole

40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Hydroxyapatite is present in both dentin and enamel.

A

TRUE

41
Q

Enamel rods are formed by cells called ___________.

A

ameloblasts

42
Q

What is carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (CHA) and what is its function?

A

Naturally occurring version of apatite
increases the solubility of hydroxyapatite
EASIER TO DECAY

43
Q

Enamel rods and crystallites make a key hole shape. The circular top of the keyhole is formed by a(n) ___________ rod and the bottom part is the ______________.

A

enamel
crystallites

44
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Unit cell (hydroxyapatite) –> crystallite –> enamel rod or prism

A

TRUE

45
Q

The tails of enamel rods tend to be more ________ and have less __________ content, which means it is ______________ (easier/harder) to decay.

A

organic
mineral
easier

46
Q

Enamel rods start at the _______________.

A

Dentino-enamel Junction (DEJ)

47
Q

What is the composition of dentin?

A
  1. Mineral
  2. Organic collagen
  3. Water
48
Q

What is the DEJ?

A

The interface between dentin and enamel

49
Q

Where does enamel and dentin begin their formation at?

A

DEJ

50
Q

What are dentinal tubules?

A

Tunnels from pulp towards DEJ
Larger/more numerous near pulp
Fluid filled

51
Q

At DEJ, dentinal tubules are more ____________(moist/dry) and near the pup are more _______________ (moist/dry) and ___________ (wide/narrow).

A

dry
moist
wide

52
Q

What is inter-tubular dentin?

A

mineralized matrix between the dentinal tubules

53
Q

What proteins are in inter-tubular dentin?

A
  1. Collagen
  2. Enzymes (MMP)
54
Q

What is MMP?

A

Matrix metalloproteinase
concern for dentin bonding

55
Q

What forms dentin?

A

Odontoblasts
dentin-forming cells
lay down secondary dentin
susceptible to injury from heat and toxins

56
Q

Where are odontoblasts in dentin tubules?

A

at the bottom of the dentin tubules
closer to the outer surface of the pulp

57
Q

What are odontoblastic processes?

A

extensions of odontoblasts into dentinal tubules
end SHORT of the DEJ

58
Q

What is predentin?

A

Layer of immature dentin
Layer of mineralized and cellular tissue surrounding pulp (less mineralized than dentin

59
Q

Predentin is _________ (more/less) mineralized than dentin and more _________ (opaque/translucent) .

A

less
opaque

60
Q

What is the function of sensory nerves?

A

Monitor fluid changes in dentinal tubules

61
Q

What is pulp?

A

Nerve/circulatory connective tissue
immune cells

Operative (8 decks)

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