Midterm 1: Cariology I Pit & Fissure Caries Flashcards
What are dental caries?
Disease where ecological shift within dental biofilm environment
What is biofilm?
Aggregation of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other forming small communities
held together by extracellular polymeric matrix
Ex. Dental plaque
What does acidogenic mean?
something that produces acid
Ex. cariogenic bacteria
What does it mean to be of higher cariogenicity?
more acid
acidogenic
In dental caries, the population shifts from a balanced population of microorganisms of ____________________ to a microbiological population of _______________.
low cariogenicity
high cariogenicity
What does the microbiological population of high cariogenicity increase production of?
organic acids
What does the microbiological population of high cariogenicity promot?
dental hard tissue net mineral loss
carious lesions
What is the disease of dental caries driven by?
frequent access to fermentable dietary carbohydrates
What does demineralization mean?
chemical process by which minerals are removed from dental hard tissues (enamel/dentin/cementum)
occurs through dissolution by acids or chelation
can be replaced with remineralization
What is a carious lesion?
The clinical manifestation of caries disease
can have a few or many
What does cariogenic mean?
the ability to cause dental caries
Ex. a cariogenic diet contains sugar
What does cavitated mean?
Denotes a loss of surface intergrity
refers to total loss of enamel and exposure of underlying dentin
inability to biologically replace loss of hard tissue
What is dental plaque?
organized community of many different microorganisms that forms itself into a biofilm
can vary from healthy to harmful microorganisms
What are monosaccharides?
Simplest forms of carbohydrates
What does noncavitated mean?
initial caries lesion development before cavitation occurs
change in color, glossiness, or surface structure
What is a pellicle?
A thin cellular membrane of salivary proteins adsobed to the enamel or cementum
What is remineralization?
The chemical process by which minerals (esp Ca) are replaced into the substances of the dental hard tissue
requires supersaturation with calcium and phosphate ions, fluoride, and adequate buffering
What 3 factors must be considered in evaluating Caries Disease?
- Personal Factors
- Oral environmental factor
- Factors that directly contribute to caries development
What is a substrate?
material metabolized by specific microorganisms in dental plaque to produce acids that lead to demineralization
What are the 4 requirements for active caries disease process to occur?
- susceptible tooth area
- acid producing bacteria from biofilm
- fermentable carbohydrates in diet
- time
What are some causes of Caries disease?
- bacteria
- diet
- saliva
- genetics
- biofilm dysfunction - prolonged exposure to low pH: 100%
What is the primary pathogen in the biofilm?
Streptococcus Mutans
What does the carbonate ion do to the carbonated hydroxyapatite?
makes the mineral more acid-soluble than pure hydroxyapatite
What is dentin primarily composed of?
small thin crystal flakes embedded in a protein matrix of cross-linked collagen fibers
What is the structure of enamel?
repeating molecular units of hydroxyapatite
Ca19(PO4)6(OH)2
What mineral is in enamel and dentin?
carbonated hydroxyapatite
a calcium phosphate with numerous impurity inclusions
What are some susceptible tooth surfaces?
- occlusal of posterior teeth
- lingual anteriors
- mesial/distal approximal surfaces
- free smooth surfaces (gumline)
Dental caries is a _________ disease that results in localized destruction of tooth tissues by acids that are produced in mouth as oral bacteria ferment ____________.
Biofilm
dietary carbohydrates
What does the odontoblast do?
secretes organic matrix
regulates mineralization
What is dentin composed of?
- tubules
- inorganic apatite crystals
- organic matrix
- water