Midterm 1: Herpesvirus Flashcards
Herpesviruses are good antigens
False
Alphaherpesviruses are host specific slowly multiplying (24hrs) viruses
False
Alphaherpesviruses may cause latent infection in neurons or ganglia
True
Some herpesviruses have a broad host spectrum (euryxen)
True
Gammaherpesviruses may cause latent infection in neurons of ganglia
False (lymphoid cells, alpha = neurons)
Herpes viruses are resistant to detergents
False
Herpesviruses are sensitive to detergents
True
Herpesviruses are generally weak antigens
True
Herpesviruses can cause latent persistent infections
True
Herpesviruses are typically stenoxen viruses, but there are significant exceptions
True
Herpesviruses are strong antigens, therefore single vaccinations provide lifelong protection
False
Herpesviruses are enveloped viruses, therefore they are sensitive to detergents
True
There are no serological cross-reactions between different herpesvirus species
False
Because the genome of herpesviruses is very stable, no attenuated mutant vaccine strains are available
False
Infectious bovine vulvovaginitis virus strains cause abortions and foetal deformities
False
Herpesvirus infections frequently result in latent virus carry
True
Herpesviruses usually cause latent infections and life-long virus carries
True
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus can cause abortion
True
The use of marker vaccines can help the eradication of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
True
The most frequently used eradication strategy for IBRV is selection with the help of marker vaccines
True
Marker vaccines can be used in IBRV eradication programs in cattle farms
True
Antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) might be detected in the milk
True
Conjunctivitis and blepharitis are signs of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
True
The infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) causes haemorrhagic gastroenteritis
False
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus also causes mastitis in cows
False
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus is transmitted by arthropods
False
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus can cause fatal encephalitis in calves
True
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus frequently causes encephalitis in old cow and bulls
False
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus frequently causes encephalitis in old sow and bulls
False
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis can be endemic on cattle farms
True
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus can cause skin lesions on the genitals
True
Bulls can shed the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis with semen
True
The infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) may spread via semen
True
Pregnant cows should be immunised with inactivated vaccines against IBRV
True
Pregnant cows should be immunised against IBRV only with inactivated vaccines
True
Attenuated vaccines are used in pregnant cows against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus
False
Pregnant cows can be immunised against IBRV only with attenuated vaccines
False
Because Bovine herpesvirus l causes latent infections; it is not possible to eradicate it from a cattle population
False
Bovine herpesvirus l may cause encephalitis in calves
True
IBRV may cause encephalitis in calves
True
Only inactivated vaccines are available against Bovine herpesvirus l
False
Bovine herpesvirus 1 may be transmitted through semen
True
Seropositive cattle cannot be carriers of the Infections Rhinotracheitis virus
False
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) can be transmitted through vectors
False
The IBR virus causes nephritis in calves usually in the age between one and six months
False
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) causes serous nasal discharge
True (starts off as serous, then becomes mucopurulent)
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in 6-month-old calves usually causes pneumonia
True (?)
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in cattle 6 months of age can cause encephalitis
False
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis often causes genital lesions with vesicles
True
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis may cause inflammation of conjunctiva
True
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis causes purulent discharge
True
In Hungary the IgE-negative marker vaccine is to be used in the control of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
True
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis is rapidly spread within the herd
False
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis is no longer present in Hungary
False
The respiratory form of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis is often followed by genital symptoms
False
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis spreads slowly within a herd
True
We can see characteristic clinical signs of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in day-old calves
False
We are doing Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus eradication programs in Hungary
True
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis virus mainly causes encephalitis in cattle older than 6 months
False
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis mainly causes pneumonia in 1-6 months old calves
True
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis is rare, BHV-1 only affects cattle
False
In the transmission IBRV, the most important route is the germinative route
False
Genital form of IBR is often followed by abortion
False
IBR can occur in several clinical forms
True
IBR is a frequent infection, cattle and its closest relatives are affected
True
Bovine Herpes virus 2 frequently causes abortion
False
Bovine herpes mammillitis virus can cause mastitis in cows
True (doesn’t cause it but can predispose it)
Bovine herpes mammillitis virus may cause lesions on the muzzle of suckling calves
True
The bovine herpes mammillitis virus causes lesions on the skin of the milkers, therefore it is a zoonotic agent
False
Bovine herpesvirus 2 may cause generalised skin lesions
True
Bovine herpesvirus 2 is the most frequent primary cause of mastitis in cattle
False
Bovine Herpes Mammillitis virus causes milkers nodules in humans
False
Bovine Herpes Mammillitis virus may cause lesions on the lips of milking calves
True
Regarding Bovine Herpes Mammillitis, mainly heifers show clinical signs
True
Swine inclusion body rhinitis virus is causing mainly subclinical infection
True
Bloody nasal discharge can be a sign of swine inclusion body rhinitis
True
Clinical manifestation of swine inclusion body rhinitis is usually seen in piglets less than 3 weeks old
True
Inclusion body rhinitis is predisposing to fatal respiratory disease in pigs
False
Suid herpesvirus 2 may cause upper respiratory tract disease in piglets
True
Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis is usually seen in piglets
True
The Swine Inclusion Body Rhinitis virus may cause reproductive problems in sows
True
Malignant catarrhal fever is mostly fatal in sheep
False
Malignant catarrhal fever is an alphaherpesvirus causing latent infection in ganglia
False
Malignant catarrhal fever develops only in suckling calves up to two weeks of age
False
Malignant catarrhal fever can be seen only in calves younger than one month
False
Malignant catarrhal fever causes only mild respiratory disease in sheep
False
Sheep should be immunised against malignant catarrhal fever virus
False
Malignant catarrhal fever may develop in swine too
True
Malignant catarrhal fever is frequently seen in cats
False
Cattle should be vaccinated against malignant catarrhal fever
False
Goats are the reservoir hosts of the malignant catarrhal fever virus
False
The incubation period of malignant catarrhal fever is less than one week
False
Malignant catarrhal fever is quickly spreading from cattle to cattle
False
Cattle should be vaccinated against malignant catarrhal fever every six months
False
The malignant catarrhal fever is caused by Bovine Herpes virus-2
False
Malignant Catarrhal Fever is usually lethal in cattle
True
Rodents are the reservoir hosts of the Malignant Catarrhal Fever virus
False
Swine are the reservoir host of the Malignant Catarrhal Fever virus
False
The Malignant Catarrhal Fever is caused by Bovine herpesvirus-2
False
We vaccinate calves 2 times against Malignant Catarrhal Fever
False
Swine are affected by Malignant Catarrhal Fever
True
Malignant Catarrhal Fever does not occur in Europe
False
Malignant Catarrhal Fever can cause diarrhoea
True
Malignant Catarrhal Fever spreads slowly within a cattle herd
False
Malignant Catarrhal Fever occurs if we keep cattle and sheep together
True
Malignant Catarrhal Fever does not occur in Hungary
False
Equine rhinopneumonitis virus is transmitted by arthropods
False
For immunisation against equine rhinopneumonitis virus mostly marker vaccines are used
False
Equine rhinopneumonitis virus can cause abortion several weeks after acute infection
True
Equine rhinopneumonitis virus causes cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the foetal hepatocytes
False
Equid herpesvirus 4 more frequently causes encephalitis than Equid herpesvirus 1
False
Horses should be vaccinated against equine rhinopneumonitis virus at least every 6 months
True
Equine rhinopneumonitis virus causes necrotic foci in the liver of the foetus
True
Fever and serous nasal discharge are early signs of acute equine rhinopneumonitis
True
Equine rhinopneumonitis virus can cause purulent metritis
False
Only equine herpesvirus 4 can cause abortion
False
Pregnant mares abort usually in the acute phase of equine rhinopneumonitis
False
After EHV1 infection pregnant mares abort in the acute febrile stage
False
Immunisation against equine rhinopneumonitis virus provides life long protection
False
Equine rhinopneumonitis virus is present only in North America
False
The equid herpesvirus 1 may cause abortion storms in studs
True
Pregnant mares abort usually several weeks after equid herpesvirus 1 infection
True
Vaccinated horses cannot get infected with Equid herpesvirus 1
False
Equid herpesvirus 1 associated abortions are always sporadic
False
Equid herpesvirus 1 may cause subclinical infection in horses
True
Only pregnant mares should be immunised against Equid herpesvirus-1 infection
False
A single vaccination against Equid herpesvirus-1 provides life-long protection
False
Equine rhinopneumonitis virus can cause only respiratory problems
False
Both equid herpesvirus 1 and 4 can cause abortion
True
For immunisation against Equine rhinopneumonitis virus mostly marker vaccines are used
False
A single vaccination of a horse against EHV-1 induces protection for several years
False
Equine herpesvirus-4 primarily causes abortion in horses
False
Equine herpesvirus-4 causes mainly respiratory symptoms in horses
True
Equine herpesvirus-1 contains cross-reactive proteins against disease caused by EHV-4
True
Vaccination containing Equine herpesvirus-1 also provides protection against EHV-4
True
Equine herpesvirus-1 primarily causes respiratory symptoms in horses
True
Equine herpesvirus-1 primarily causes abortion
False
One vaccination is enough to prevent Equine herpesvirus-1
False
Mares infected with Equine herpesvirus-1 have a febrile state, then abort
True
Horses should be vaccinated against Equine herpesvirus-1 every six months
False
Equine herpesvirus 2 may cause keratoconjunctivitis
True
Equine herpesvirus 2 can cause respiratory disease only in young foals
True
Equid herpesvirus-2 may cause respiratory disease in foals
True
Equid herpesvirus 5 may play a role in the equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis
True
Equid herpesvirus 2 may cause keratoconjunctivitis in foals
True
Equid herpesvirus 5 causes encephalitis in foals
False
Equine herpesvirus-2 and 5 causes pustular vulvovaginitis
False
Equid herpesvirus-2 may cause Coital Exanthemas in horses
False
Equid herpesvirus-2 and 5 cause diarrhoea and hepatitis in foals
False
In horses infected with Equine herpesvirus-2, the symptoms are often unnoticed
True
Equine herpesvirus-2 in horses does not cause symptoms in adult animals
True
It is enough to vaccinate mares 2 times against Equine herpesvirus-2
False
Equid herpesvirus 3 can cause lesions on the genital mucosa without abortion
True
Equid herpesvirus 3 may cause coital exanthema in horses
True
Abortion is frequent complication of coital exanthema in mares
False
Herpesvirus 3 can be transmitted through mating
True
Coital exanthema virus frequently causes abortion
False
Coital Exanthema virus does not cause abortion
True
Equine Coital Exanthema can cause abortion storms in studs
False
Equine herpesvirus-3 cause abortion storms
False
Canine herpesvirus infection can cause abortion
True
Herpesvirus infection of adult dogs may result in reproductive disorders
True
Canine herpesvirus infection frequently appears with flu like symptoms
True
Feline herpesvirus infects dogs as well
False
Liver lesions are frequently seen in puppies with Canid herpesvirus 1 infection
True
Canine herpesvirus infection can cause blue eye disease
False
Herpesvirus is frequently causing kennel cough
True
Hypothermia and weak immune response facilitate the severity of canid herpes virus infection of dogs
True
Latent canine herpesvirus infection can be activated in pregnant bitches
True
Canine herpesvirus can cause transplacental infection
True
Pregnant bitches can be immunised against canine herpesvirus with inactivated vaccine
True
Herpes infection of pups 2-3 weeks old is fatal
True
Canine Herpes virus may remain in latency for years in infected animals
True
Canine herpesvirus 1 may contribute to the kennel cough syndrome
True
Canid herpesvirus-1 may cause generalised infection and severe disease in young puppies
True
Inactivated vaccines are available for immunisation against Canid herpesvirus-1
True
Upper respiratory infection of Canid herpesvirus-1 may contribute to the kennel cough syndrome
True
In utero infections with Canid herpesvirus may result in abortion
True
Decreased body temperature has a negative effect on Canine herpesvirus infected animals
True
Herpesvirus infection of dogs is most severe in 3-6 months old puppies
False
Large dog kennels are usually seropositive for canine herpesvirus
True
Canine herpesvirus infection can be deadly below 2-3 weeks of age
True
Feline rhinotracheitis predisposes to pneumonia caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica
True
Feline rhinotracheitis can cause foetal developmental anomalies in pregnant cats
True
Felid herpesvirus does not cause viraemia and abortion
False
Abortion is uncommon in feline rhinotracheitis of pregnant animals
False
Abortion is rare in rhinotracheitis infected pregnant cats
False
Sneezing is a typical sign of feline infectious rhinotracheitis
True
Feline herpesvirus does not cause respiratory signs, only viraemia and abortion
False
Conjunctivitis is a frequent sign of feline rhinotracheitis
True
Conjunctivitis and muco-purulent nasal discharge are frequent signs of feline rhinotracheitis
True
Clinical signs of feline infectious rhinotracheitis are similar to those of calicivirus
True
Feline infectious rhinotracheitis often results high mortality in susceptible young kittens
True
Feline infectious rhinotracheitis often results in abortion of pregnant queens
True
Felid herpesvirus 1 spreads slowly in cat populations
False
Feline infectious rhinotracheitis is characterised by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract
True
Crowded area, poor general condition and stress contribute significantly to the development of feline infectious rhinotracheitis
True
Prolonged contact is usually needed for successful transmission of feline infectious rhinotracheitis
True
Feline infectious rhinotracheitis can be treated with specific hyperimmune sera
True
Ulcerations of the oral mucosa are frequent signs of Feline Rhinotracheitis
False
Feline Infectious Rhinotracheitis occurs in summer because Felid herpesvirus-1 is transmitted by mosquitoes
False
Feline herpesvirus-1 is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes
False
Felid herpesvirus-1 is moderately contagious: spreads slowly in cat populations
False
Feline Infectious Rhinotracheitis virus is transmitted mainly through the air
False
The Feline Infectious Rhinotracheitis virus is very contagious to cats
True
Mucous is a frequent sign of Feline Infectious Rhinotracheitis
True
The infectious laryngotracheitis is seen only in young chickens
False
Diarrhoea is frequent in infectious laryngotracheitis of chickens
False
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus strains may differ in virulence
True
Encephalitis is a frequent complication in Infectious Laryngotracheitis of chickens
False
Ducks are the most susceptible to infectious laryngotracheitis virus
False
The infectious laryngotracheitis causes pseudomembrane formation in the oesophagus
False (trachea)
Chickens above 6 weeks of age are not susceptible to infectious laryngotracheitis
False
The infectious laryngotracheitis can cause viraemia and pneumonia in young
False
Conjunctivitis is a frequent sign of infectious laryngotracheitis
True
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus is typically transmitted by the germinative route
False
Infectious laryngotracheitis can be deadly in chickens
True
Infectious laryngotracheitis is most frequently seen in day-old chickens
False
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus is shed mainly with faeces
False
Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus replicates in the liver of cats
False
Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus replicates in the upper respiratory tract
True
Germinative route is the most important factor in the transmission of the Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus.
False
Tracheal lesions of Infectious Laryngotracheitis may be similar to those of fowl pox
True
The Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus does not cause viraemia
True
Infectious Laryngotracheitis is most frequently seen in day-old turkey
False
Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus is present worldwide
True
Infectious Laryngotracheitis usually occurs clinically under 6 weeks of age
False
Infectious Laryngotracheitis causes changes in the larynx and upper airways
True
Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus invades the kidneys after viraemia
False
Infectious Laryngotracheitis of poultry spreads germinatively
False
Infectious Laryngotracheitis also occurs in Hungary
True
Infectious Laryngotracheitis causes eggshell deformation
False
Infectious Laryngotracheitis frequently damages the oviduct of hen
False
Infectious Laryngotracheitis can be deadly in chickens
True
Mortality of infectious laryngotracheitis can go up to 50%
True
The Aujeszy’s disease virus is stenoxen
False
Wild boars are not susceptible to Aujeszy’s disease virus
False
Abortion of sows can be a sign of Aujeszys disease
True
Pregnant sows may abort in Aujeszky’s disease
True
In swine the most serious CS of Aujeszky’s disease are usually seen in piglets
True
Dogs should be vaccinated against Aujeszky’s disease
False
Carnivores are the reservoir hosts of the Aujeszky’s disease virus
False
The Aujeszky’s disease in cats is usually a mild respiratory disease with quick recovery
False
The signs of Aujeszky’s disease in dogs are similar to rabies
True
The natural reservoir hosts of the Aujeszky’s disease virus are rodents
False
The Aujeszy’s disease causes fatal pneumonia in Ruminants and Carnivores
False
The Aujeszky disease is zoonosis
False
The symptoms of Aujeszky’s disease in ruminants is similar to rabies
True
The Aujeszy disease virus may infect several mammalian hosts
True
Aujeszky’s diseases can be latently carried by pigs in the nervous system
True
Central nervous signs of the Aujeszky’s disease are rarely seen in adult swine
True
Convalescent swine are life-long carriers and potential shedders of Aujeszky’s disease virus
True
Swine are immunised against the Aujeszky’s disease virus usually with gE negative marker vaccines
True
Rats are the reservoir hosts of Aujeszky’s disease
False
The Suid herpesvirus 1 frequently causes encephalitis in humans
False
Liquid manure may play a role in the transmission of Suid herpesvirus 1 from swine to cattle
True
Discriminative ELISA tests may differentiate between vaccinated swine wild type Suid- herpesvirus infected ones
True
In adult swine the most frequent manifestation of Aujeszky’s disease is encephalitis
False
Aujeszky’s disease virus infection in adult pigs is frequently subclinical
True
Pigs infected with wild type Aujeszky’s disease virus can be differentiated from vaccinated ones by serological tests (i.e ELISA)
True
Cattle should be vaccinated against Malignant Catarrhal Fever
False
Aujeszky ́s disease can occur in pigs and cats
True
Aujeszky ́s disease in pigs causes viraemia
True
Aujeszky’s disease in cats spreads along the nerves
True
Aujeszky’s disease can cause respiratory signs in adult pigs
True
Aujeszky’s disease causes fever in day-old piglets
True
Aujeszky’s disease causes pneumonia in susceptible piglets
False
Aujeszky’s disease doesn’t cause clinical signs in susceptible piglets
False
Aujeszky’s disease causes pruritus in susceptible piglets
False
Aujeszky’s disease causes 20-30% mortality in susceptible piglets
False
Older pigs are more frequently affected by Aujeszky’s
False
In case of viraemia the GaHV2 spreads to fowl’s organs in macrophages
True
Transient paralysis form of Marek’s disease can be present in 6-week-old chicken
True
Infection of Marek’s disease can occur in hatchery
True
The vaccines of Marek’s disease are not efficient
False
The turkey herpesvirus causes cross immunity against Marek’s disease
True
Turkey Herpes virus can be used for vaccination against Marek Disease
True
Lymphoproliferative form of Marek’s disease can be present in 6-week-old chicken
True
Lymphoproliferative form of Marek’s disease can be present in hens (older age)
False
Clinical signs of Marek’s disease are rare, because of vaccination
True
Lymphoproliferative form of Marek’s disease is a chronic disease
False
The duck herpes virus causes cross immunity against Marek disease
False
The free virions spread to organs independent of cells in the case of Marek disease
False
Transient paralysis form of Marek’s disease can be present in hens
False
Lymphoproliferative form of Marek’s disease is an acute disease
True
Neurological form of Marek’s disease can be present in 4 week old chicken
False
There is in ovo vaccine against Marek’s disease
True
Intake of GaHV2 happens most frequently per os
False
Germinative infection does not occur in Marek’s disease
True
Germinative infection does occur in Marek’s disease
False
In case of viraemia the GaHV2 spreads to fowl’s organs in red blood cells
False
The acute form of Mareks is primarily a tumour formation
True
Marek disease is usually seen in chickens below 2 weeks of age
False
Marek disease virus is shed with faeces in high titres
False
Signs of Marek disease may be very similar to reticuloendotheliosis signs
True
The Marek disease virus survives for long in the environment
True
Marek disease is caused by turkey herpesvirus
False
Transient Marek paralysis may lead to visceral form
True
Transient paralysis by Marek’s disease usually ends in full recovery
False
The chronic form of Marek disease is characterised by neurological disorders
True
The chronic form of Marek disease is due to circuses of higher virulence
False
Marek disease is the result of airborne infection
True
Marek disease usually starts as an airborne infection
True
Free Marek virus particles are shed from the feather follicles
True
The Marek’s disease virus may survive in the environment for several months
True
Marek’s disease is most frequently seen in geese and ducks
False
Free virions of the Marek’s disease virus are formed in the feather follicle epithelial cells
True
Humoral immunity plays the central role in the host’s defence against the Marek’s disease virus
False
The neurological form of Marek’s disease is seen only in day-old chicks
False
Chicken shed the Marek’s disease virus via feather follicular epithelial cells
True
The pathological lesions of acute Marek’s disease and reticuloendotheliosis can be similar
True
Conjunctivitis is a frequent sign of acute Marek’s disease
False
The Marek’s disease virus is transmitted by inhalation
True
Marek’s disease virus can’t be prevented by vaccination, because it ́s immunosuppressive
False
The pathology lesions of acute Marek ́s disease and avian leukosis can be similar
True
The Marek’s disease virus causes immunosuppression
True
The acute form of Marek’s disease is characterised by lymphoid cell proliferation
True
The neurological form of Marek’s disease has a mass appearance
False
The highly virulent strains of Marek’́s disease may cause tumours in turkey
True
The incubation time of acute Marek’s disease is 1-2 days
False
The neurological form of Marek’s disease leads to significant liver degeneration
False
Both serotypes of the Marek’s virus cause disease in geese
False
North America is free of Marek’́s disease
False
Marek’s disease only occurs in domestic fowl
True
Marek’s disease spreads primarily via the aerogenous route
True
Marek’s disease virus is shed mainly via the faeces
False
Marek ́s disease in the blood multiplies in the endothelial cells
False
Marek ́s disease is a beta herpes virus
False
Marek’s disease primarily targets day-old chickens
False
The neoplastic form of Marek disease is caused by high virulence strains
True
Vaccination is used for the prevention of Marek ́s disease
True
The neoplastic form of Marek’s is caused by low virulence strains
False
We can differentiate Marek’s disease from reticuloendotheliosis only by lab diagnostics methods
True
Prevention against Marek’s: no measures needed as the disease remains mostly symptomless
False
General preventative measures and vaccination of day-old chickens must be used for the prevention of Marek’s disease
True
Live attenuated strains are used for vaccination against Marek’s disease
True
No vaccination is needed against Marek’s disease
False
The highly virulent strains of Marek’s disease may cause tumours in turkeys
True
Marek’s disease viruses are uniform in their virulence
False
Highly virulent Marek’s disease viruses may break through vaccine induced protection
True
Conjunctivitis is a frequent sign of duck viral enteritis
True
Only sporadic clinical cases of duck viral enteritis are seen in an affected flock
False
Mallards may transmit the duck enteritis virus to domestic ducks kept on lakes
True
Liver dystrophy is a frequent lesion of duck viral enteritis (duck plague)
True
Wild ducks may be persistently infected with duck plague (duck enteritis) virus
True
Duck plague virus may be shed life long by animals recovered from the disease
True
Duck plague (viral enteritis) can’t cause high mortality without secondary bacterial infection
False
Duck plaque and duck viral enteritis are two names of the same disease
True
Duck viral enteritis is seldom fatal
False
Treatment is the most effective control method for duck viral enteritis
False
Duck plague is more severe in wild birds than in domestic ducks
False
Duck plague virus damages blood vessel endothelium
True
Duck plague only affects young ducklings
False
Duck plague is only seen in day old ducklings
False
Duck viral enteritis is usually mild, osmotic diarrhoea.
False
Duck plague infects exclusively domestic and wild ducks
False
Antibiotic treatment is the most effective control method for Duck Viral Enteritis.
False
Beak deformity is a typical sign of Duck Plague
False
Muscovy ducks are resistant to the Duck Viral Enteritis
False
Duck Plague/Duck viral Enteritis cause high mortality in all ages
False
Duck Plague/Duck viral Enteritis clinical signs in young ducks are only seen in birds up to 4 weeks of age
False
Vaccines containing a live attenuated strain can be used for prevention against Duck Plague
True
Duck Plague/Duck viral Enteritis vaccination is not needed as clinical signs are mild
False
Duck Plague virus can “settle” in wild ducks
True
Duck Plague is an outbreak of Avian influenza in ducks, with a host-adapted version of the virus
False
Duck Plague only causes hepatitis in young ducks
False
Duck Plague only causes disease in ducks and geese
False
Duck Plague virus causes high mortality in both old and young birds
False
Duck Plague also affects geese
True
Duck Plague is a disease of young ducks only
False
Duck Viral Enteritis can affect all age groups
True
Depression, respiratory signs and bloody diarrhoea are main signs of Duck Plague
True
In most cases the Duck Plague disease remains symptomless
False
Duck Plague is more severe in wild birds than domestic ducks
False
Pigeon herpesvirus mainly causes encephalitis in adult pigeons
False
Pigeon herpesvirus infections usually result in a haemorrhagic deadly disease
False
Pigeon herpesvirus is characterised by focal necrosis in the liver in pigeons
True
Pigeon herpesvirus kills mostly day old pigeons
False
Pigeon herpesvirus infection causes feather development problems
False
Pigeon herpesvirus infections mainly affect young pigeons
True
Pigeon herpesvirus mainly causes encephalitis in adult pigeons
False
Pigeon herpesvirus infection is frequently combined with adenovirus and circovirus infection
True
Pigeon herpesvirus may cause respiratory disease in young pigeons
True
Pigeon herpesvirus causes conjunctivitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis and diarrhoea in the acute stage
True
Pigeon herpesvirus infection is related to Marek’s disease
True
Pigeon herpesvirus has the highest mortality in day-old pigeons
False
Diarrhoea and nasal discharge are common in Pigeon herpesvirus infections
True
