Midterm #1 Exam Q's 1-25

Question 0

is sean weird?

Answer 0

yes! extremely!!!

Question 1

Define a “critical period”

Answer 1

a time when a change must occur in development

Question 2

The Domains of Human Development

Answer 2

Biosocial, Psychosocial and Cognitive

Question 3

Multidirectional qualities of Human Development

Answer 3

Human Development is not a linear process of gain and decline with age. Growth and decline happens on a day by day basis as well as semi-spontanteously.

Question 4

1. Guided Participation
2. Scaffolding
3. Apprentice at Thinking
4. Zone of Proximal Development
5. why does Sean steals goldfish from my pocket?????

Answer 4

1. Process of mentor’s teaching skills to novices
2. Temporary Support
3. Every child learning to think
4. Range of skills a person can perform with assistance
5. because he is mean!!!! just kidding!!! :)

Question 5

Mirroring of Neurons

Answer 5

The human brain contains neurons that mirror actions, emotions, behaviors and even states of mind that we observe and learn to infer.

Question 6

Plasticity?

Answer 6

The brain’s ability to be molded and change shape while maintaining a generally consistent and defined form.

Question 7

1. Main Theme of Psychoanalytical Theory and

2. Freud’s Stages of Development

Answer 7

1. Subconscious or inner motives and drives (psychosexual)
2. Oral Stage 0-1 year, Anal Stage 1-3 years, Phallic Stage 3-6 years, Latency 6-11 years, Genital Stage Adolescence-Adulthood

Question 8

1. Erikson’s Stages of Development

2. how they differ from Freud’s

Answer 8

1. Trust vs. Mistrust 0-1 yr, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt 1-2 yrs, Initiative vs. Guilt 3-6 years, Industry vs. Inferiority 6-11 yrs, Identity vs. Role Confusion Adolescence, Intimacy vs. Isolation (adulthood), Generativity vs. Stagnation (adulthood), Integrity vs. Despair (adulthood)
2. Freud-psychosexual, Erikson-psychosocial

Question 9

Classical Conditioning

Answer 9

Neutral stimulus is associated with meaningful stimulus.

Question 10

Operant Conditioning

Answer 10

Positive consequences for action increase likelihood of action being repeated. (Parental spanking to teach not to do bad things)

Question 11

Cognitive Theory of Behavior (and example)

Answer 11

Behavior is profoundly affected by a person’s thoughts and expecations. (Jean Piaget)

Question 12

1. Piaget’s Central Theme in his Cognitive Theory of Development
2. Theory of Cognitive Equilibrium

Answer 12

1. How people think changes with time and experience and human thinking influences human actions.
2. Humans are constantly seeking a state of mental balance, usually through the lens of prior experience.

Question 13

Piaget’s Stages of Development (Which stage is the beginning of cognitive development?)

Answer 13

1. Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
2. Preoperational (2-6 yrs)
3. Concrete Operational (6-11 yrs)
4. Formal Operational (12-adulthood)

Cog development begins at birth and is lifelong

Question 14

2 Forms of Adaptations as Defined by Piaget

Answer 14

1. Assimilation: new exp. are made to fit old ideas

2. Accomodation: old ideas are restructured to include new experience

Question 15

Ecological Systems Approach and its creator

Answer 15

Development should be explained by examining the relationship between people and their environments- Urie Bronfenbrenner

Question 16

1. Cross-Sectional Research
2. Longitudinal Research
3. Difference?

Answer 16

1. Comparing data on a group of people with the same age with another group of people with a different age.
2. Following the same group of people throughout their life and comparing data.
3. Explain it yourself, dumbass!

Question 17

Zygotes

Answer 17

A single cell formed by the fusing of two gametes (egg and sperm)

Question 18

Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins

Answer 18

Identical and Fraternal Twins

Question 19

“Carrier”

Answer 19

Someone with a genotypic recessive trait that is not expressed in his or her phenotype

Question 20

Trisomy-21

Answer 20

AKA Down Syndrome

-3 copies of chromosome 21

Question 21

Color Blindness

Answer 21

Inability to distinguish between certain color hues. X-linked disorder so its passed from Father to Daughter and then Mother to Son.

Question 22

Differentiated vs. Undifferentiated Cells

Answer 22

Stem cells are undifferentiated and could theoretically develop into any kind of tissue or body part. Cells undergo differentiation and morph into various forms depending on their internal genetic instructions.

Question 23

What % of cells fail to implant after conception?

Answer 23

60% en vivo

70% en vitro

Question 24

Process of Phenotypic Sex Organ Development

Answer 24

Wolffian System (Sexual Differentiation)