Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ocular Pharmacology > Midterm 1 Drugs to Know > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Drugs to Know Flashcards

1
Q

cocaine

A

topical anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”; local cellular enzymes break down the anesthetic over time;
*indirect acting adrenergic; blocks re-uptake of norepinephrine; potentiates adrenergic (sympathetic) activity; results in mydriasis and vasoconstriction\

mydriatic

indirect acting adrenergic agonist; inhibits reuptake of NE; causes mydriasis and vasoconstriction; only about 2 mm of mydriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tetracaine

A

topical anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”; local cellular enzymes break down the anesthetic over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

benoxinate

A

topical anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”; local cellular enzymes break down the anesthetic over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

proparacaine

A

topical anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”; local cellular enzymes break down the anesthetic over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lidocaine

A

topical anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

procaine hydrochloride (novacain)

A

injection anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lidocaine hydrochloride (xylocain)

A

injection anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mepivacaine hydrochloride (carbocaine)

A

injection anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bupivacaine hydrochloride (marcaine)

A

injection anesthetic

drug crosses membrane - non-ionized and lipid-soluble;
drug becomes ionized inside cell and temporarily blocks Na channel; depolarization cannot occur with blocked Na channel; pain signal cannot be sent “downstream”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

epinephrine

A

vasoconstrictor added in combination with injection anesthetics; prolongs duration, decreases systemic absorption, decreases bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pilocarpine

A

miotic

muscarinic cholinergic agonist; iris sphincter contraction- pupil constriction; ciliary muscle contraction- accommodation and increased aqueous flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

scopolamine

A

cycloplegic

cholinergic antagonist- blocks ACh receptors, decreasing parasympathetic activity, increases sympathetic activity;
causes pupil dilation and paresis of accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tropicamide

A

cycloplegic

cholinergic antagonist- blocks ACh receptors, decreasing parasympathetic activity, increases sympathetic activity;
causes pupil dilation and paresis of accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

atropine

A

cycloplegic

cholinergic antagonist- blocks ACh receptors, decreasing parasympathetic activity, increases sympathetic activity;
causes pupil dilation and paresis of accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cyclopentolate

A

cycloplegic

cholinergic antagonist- blocks ACh receptors, decreasing parasympathetic activity, increases sympathetic activity;
causes pupil dilation and paresis of accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

homatropine

A

cycloplegic

cholinergic antagonist- blocks ACh receptors, decreasing parasympathetic activity, increases sympathetic activity;
causes pupil dilation and paresis of accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

phenylephrine

A

mydriatic

direct-acting alpha 1 agonist; mimics effects of NE; stimulates iris dilator muscle; produces conjunctival vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hydroxyamphetamine

A

mydriatic

indirect acting adrenergic agonist; inhibits reuptake of NE with some stimulation of NE release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

dapiprazole (Rev-Eyes)

A

mydriolytic

adrenergic antagonist; blocks adrenergic receptors; causes miosis; “reversal of dilation”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Durezol

difluprednate 0.05%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pred Forte, Omni Pred

prednisolone acetate 1%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pred Mild

prednisolone acetate 0.1%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Inflamase Forte

prednisolone sodium phosphate 1%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

FML

fluorometholone alcohol 0.1%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

25
Q

FML Forte

fluorometholone alcohol 0.25%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

26
Q

Flarex

fluorometholone acetate 0.1%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

27
Q

Maxidex

dexamethasone 0.1%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

28
Q

Alrex

loteprednol 0.2%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

29
Q

Lotemax

loteprednol 0.5%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

30
Q

Lotemax SM

loteprednol 0.38%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

31
Q

Eysuvis

loteprednol 0.25%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

32
Q

Inveltys

loteprednol 1%

A

topical corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

33
Q

Kenalog

triamcinolone

A

injectable corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

34
Q

Retisert

A

implantable corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

35
Q

Iluvien

A

implantable corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

36
Q

Ozurdex

A

implantable corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

37
Q

Dextenza

A

implantable corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

38
Q

Prednisone

A

oral corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

39
Q

Medrol

methylprednisolone

A

oral corticosteroid

inhibits phospholipase A2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes; decreases synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 which decreases synthesis of prostaglandins

40
Q

Acular

ketorolac 0.5%

A

topical NSAID

inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

41
Q

Acuvail

ketorolac 0.45%

A

topical NSAID

inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

42
Q

Bromsite

bromfenac 0.075%

A

topical NSAID

inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

43
Q

Prolensa

bromfenac 0.07%

A

topical NSAID

inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

44
Q

Ilevro

nepafenac 0.3% susp

A

topical NSAID

inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

45
Q

Nevanac

nepafanac 0.1% susp

A

topical NSAID

inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

46
Q

Voltaren

dicolefenac 0.1% susp, 1% gel

A

topical NSAID

inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

47
Q

ibuprofen

A

oral NSAID

inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

48
Q

indomethacin

A

oral NSAID

inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins: inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes which leads to decreased prostaglandin synthesis

49
Q

aceteaminophen

A

oral pain relief

inhibits prostaglandin synthesis similar to COX-2 specific drugs (higher activity in the CNS); good antipyretic and analgesic

50
Q

codeine

A

opioid

binds to opiate receptors in spinal cord, decreasing conduction of pain signal to the brain; also binds to opiate receptors in the brain, causing sedation and euphoria

51
Q

hydrocodone

A

opioid

binds to opiate receptors in spinal cord, decreasing conduction of pain signal to the brain; also binds to opiate receptors in the brain, causing sedation and euphoria

52
Q

oxycodone

A

opioid

binds to opiate receptors in spinal cord, decreasing conduction of pain signal to the brain; also binds to opiate receptors in the brain, causing sedation and euphoria

53
Q

tramadol

A

opioid

binds to opiate receptors in spinal cord, decreasing conduction of pain signal to the brain; also binds to opiate receptors in the brain, causing sedation and euphoria

also a weak inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake

54
Q

buprenorphine

A

opioid

partial agonist; acts like morphine in patients who have not taken opioids; causes withdrawal in users of full opioid agonists

55
Q

naloxone

A

opioid antagonist

rapidly displaces all receptor-bound opioid molecules; reverses the effect of overdose

56
Q

Lortab

A

hydrocodone + acetaminophen

57
Q

Percocet

A

oxycodone + acetaminophen

58
Q

Percodan

A

oxycodone + acetylsalicylic acid

59
Q

Tylenol #__

A

codeine + acetaminophen

Ocular Pharmacology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions