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PMCOL 343 > Midterm 1 Drugs > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic achetylcholine receptor antagonist
Produces constipation, tachycardia, dry mouth and urinary retention
Used to treat Parkinson’s disease associated tremor
Used to produce mydriasis

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2
Q

Nicotine

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist

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3
Q

Muscarine

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (parasympathomimetic)

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4
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Choline ester
Agonist at muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

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5
Q

Carbachol

A

Choline ester
Agonist at muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract
Not hydrolyzed by acetylcholine esterase

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6
Q

Bethanechol

A

Choline ester
Agonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract
Not hydrolyzed by acetylcholine esterase

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7
Q

Methacholine

A

Choline ester
Poorly absorbed from gastrointestinal tract
Used to measure severity of asthma

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8
Q

Oxotremorine

A

Muscarinic achetylcholine receptor agonist (parasympathomimetic)

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9
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic achetylcholine receptor agonist (parasympathomimetic)
Used to treat glaucoma

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10
Q

Edrophonium

A

Anticholinesterase
Simple alcohol
Reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase
Used to treat glaucoma, dysrhythmias and Alzheimer’s disease

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11
Q

Neostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase
Carbamic ester of alcohols with quaternary or tertiary ammonium group
Reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase
Used to treat glaucoma, dysrhythmias and Alzheimer’s disease

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12
Q

Malathion

A

Anticholinesterase
Organophosphate
Irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase
Used as an insecticide (causes cardiac arrest, fluid in lungs, bronchioconstriction and blockade of skeletal respiratory muscle contraction)

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13
Q

Soman

A

Anticholinesterase
Organophosphate
Irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase
Used as nerve gas (causes cardiac arrest, fluid in lungs, bronchioconstriction and blockade of skeletal respiratory muscle contraction)

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14
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Used to induce paralysis during surgery

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15
Q

D-Tubocurarine

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Used to induce paralysis during surgery

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16
Q

α-Bungarotoxin

A

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Used to induce paralysis during surgery

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17
Q

Scopolamine

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Used to treat motion sickness

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18
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist (non-selective)
Used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Short lasting (6 hours)

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19
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenoceptor agonist (non-specific)
Used to administer local anaesthesia
Used to treat anaphylaxis and glaucoma

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20
Q

Isoproterenol

A

AKA Isoprenaline
β-adrenoceptor agonist (non-specific)
Used to treat cardiac arrest and heart block

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21
Q

Prazosin

A

α1-adrenoceptor antagonist
Used to treat hypertension and prostate hyperplasia/urinary obstruction

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22
Q

Yohimbine

A

α2-adrenoceptor antagonist

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23
Q

Phentolamine

A

α-adrenoceptor antagonist (non-specific)
Used to treat hypertension and pheochromocytoma

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24
Q

Phenylephrine

A

α1-adrenoceptor agonist
Not metabolized by catechol-o-methyltransferase
Used to treat nasal congestion
Used to produce mydriasis

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25
Q

Clonidine

A

α2-adrenoceptor agonist

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26
Q

Dobutamine

A

β1-adrenoceptor agonist
Used to treat acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock

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27
Q

Salbutamol

A

β2-adrenoceptor agonist
Used to treat asthma
Short acting (3-5 hour duration)
Administered orally, through inhalation or injection

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28
Q

Propranolol

A

β-adrenoceptor antagonist (non-specific)
Used to treat hypertension, prophylaxis of angina pectoris, hyperthyroidism and anxiety

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29
Q

Metoprolol

A

β1-adrenoceptor antagonist
Used to treat hypertension in asthmatics, diabetics and patients with peripheral vascular disease

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30
Q

Tyramine

A

Induces catecholamine release
Found in red wine and cheese
Metabolized by monoamine oxidase in the liver
Danger of severe hypertension and cardiac dysrhythmias in patient taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors

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31
Q

Cocaine

A

Inhibits catecholamine re-uptake
Local anaesthetic and hemostatic used for ear, nose and throat surgery
Used to test for Horner’s syndrome

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32
Q

Methylphenidate

A

An amphetamine
Induces catecholamine release
Used to treat obesity, ADHD and narcolepsy
Used to test for Horner’s syndrome

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33
Q

Timolol

A

β-adrenoceptor antagonist (non-selective)
No local anesthetic effects
Used to treat glaucoma

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34
Q

Physostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase
Used to treat glaucoma

35
Q

Apraclonidine

A

α-adrenoceptor agonist (non-specific)
Used to treat glaucoma

36
Q

Anandamide

A

CB receptor agonist
Used to treat glaucoma

37
Q

Formaterol

A

β2-adrenoceptor agonist
Used to treat asthma
Long acting (8-12 hour duration)
Administered through inhalation

38
Q

Salmeterol

A

β2-adrenoceptor agonist
Used to treat asthma
Short acting (8-12 hour duration)
Administered through inhalation

39
Q

Terbutaline

A

β2-adrenoceptor agonist
Used to treat asthma
Short acting (3-5 hour duration)
Administered through inhalation

40
Q

Theophylline

A

Phosphodiesterase antagonist
Metabolized by CYP450 enzymes
Used to treat asthma
Administered orally as a sustained-release preparation

41
Q

Aminophylline

A

Phosphodiesterase antagonist
Metabolized by CYP450 enzymes
Used to treat asthma
Administered orally as a sustained-release preparation

42
Q

Montelukast

A

Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist (CysLT1 receptor)
Used to treat asthma in aspirin sensitive patients
Administerd orally in combination with an inhaled glucocorticoid

43
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist (CysLT1 receptor)
Used to treat asthma in aspirin sensitive patients
Administerd orally in combination with an inhaled glucocorticoid
Inhibits CYP3A4

44
Q

Reslizumab

A

Humanized monoclonal anti-IL-5 antibody
Used to treat eosinophilic asthma
Can cause oropharyngeal pain

45
Q

Omalizumab

A

Humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody
Used to treat severe asthma that does not respond to glucocorticoid treatment, urticaria, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis
Administered subcutaneously every 2-4 weeks

46
Q

Budenoside

A

Glucocorticoid
Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Administered through inhalation
Can cause adrenal suppression in children

47
Q

Beclometasone

A

Glucocorticoid
Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Administered through inhalation
Can cause adrenal suppression in children

48
Q

Prednisolone

A

Glucocorticoid
Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Administered orally

49
Q

Fluticasone

A

Glucocorticoid
Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Administered through inhalation

50
Q

Ciclesonide

A

Glucocorticoid
Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Administered through inhalation

51
Q

Tiotropium

A

M3 acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Long lasting (24 hours)

52
Q

Mepolizumab

A

Humanized monoclonal anti-IL-5 antibody
Used to treat eosinophilic asthma
Can cause injection site reactions

53
Q

Roflumilast

A

Phosphodiesterase 4 antagonist
Used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
Administered orally

54
Q

Levodopa

A

Metabolic precursor of dopamine (DOPA)
Used to treat motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
Rapidly absorbed from small intestine (large neutral amino acids compete for absorption)
Short half-life (1-3 hours) produces on-off phenomenon
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease

55
Q

Carbidopa

A

DOPA decarboxylase antagonist
Used in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson’s disease
Reduces the metabolism of levodopa in the periphery

56
Q

Bromocriptine

A

D2 receptor agonist
Ergot alkaloid
Used individually, in combination with anticholinergic drugs or in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson’s disease

57
Q

Pramipexole

A

D3 receptor agonist
Used individually or in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson’s disease

58
Q

Ropinirole

A

D2 receptor agonist
Used individually or in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson’s disease
Metabolized by CYP1A2

59
Q

Selegiline

A

Monoamine oxidase antagonist
Used in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson’s disease

60
Q

Rasagiline

A

Monoamine oxidase antagonist
Used individually or in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson’s disease

61
Q

Entacapone

A

Catechol-O-methyltransferase antagonist
Used in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson’s disease
Acts peripherally only

62
Q

Tolcapone

A

Catechol-O-methyltransferase antagonist
Used in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson’s disease
Acts peripherally and centrally
Hepatotoxic

63
Q

Benztropine

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Used to treat Parkinson’s disease

64
Q

Biperiden

A

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist
Used to treat Parkinson’s disease

65
Q

Amantadine

A

Used individually or in combination with levodopa to treat Parkinson’s disease

66
Q

Butyrophenon

A

D2 receptor antagonist
Used to treat psychosis
Reversibly induces Parkinson’s disease symptoms

67
Q

Phenothiazine

A

D2 receptor antagonist
Used to treat psychosis
Reversibly induces Parkinson’s disease symptoms

68
Q

Reserpine

A

D2 receptor antagonist
Used to treat psychosis
Reversibly induces Parkinson’s disease symptoms

69
Q

MPTP

A

1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
Irreversible induces Parkinson’s disease symptoms

70
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Enhances activation of GABA-A receptors
NMDA receptor inhibitor
Barbiturate
Long lasting (half-life 50-140 hours due to binding to serum albumin)
25% is excreted unchanged in urine
Induces CYP enzymes
Used to treat seizures

71
Q

Diazepam

A

Enhances activation of GABA-A receptors
Benzodiazepine
Used to treat seizures

72
Q

Lorazepam

A

Enhances activation of GABA-A receptors
Benzodiazepine
Used to treat seizures

73
Q

Tiagabine

A

GAT1 GABA transporter antagonist
Used to treat seizures

74
Q

Vigabatrin

A

GABA-T irreversible antagonist
Reduces glutamate/glutamine cycling between neurons and astrocytes
Short half-life (5-7 hours) but long lasting effect
Used to treat seizures

75
Q

Felbamate

A

NMDA receptor inhibitor
Facilitates GABA actions
Used to treat seizures

76
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Sodium channel inhibitor
Induces CYP1A2, CYP2C and CYP3A enzymes
Used to treat tonic clonic and focal seizures but not absence seizures

77
Q

Valproic Acid

A

Sodium channel inhibitor
NMDA receptor inhibitor
GABA-T antagonist
Strongly binds serum albumin
Used to treat absence, myoclonic, tonic clonic and focal seizures
Can produce teratogenicity

78
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Sodium channel inhibitor
Long lasting (half-life 24-35 hours)
Used to treat absence, myoclonic, tonic clonic, focal seizures, depression and bipolar disorder

79
Q

Phenytoin

A

Sodium channel inhibitor
Fosphenytoin is prodrug
Induces CYP450 enzymes
Strongly binds plasma proteins
Used to treat tonic clonic and focal seizures
Can cause teratogenicity

80
Q

Topiramate

A

NMDA receptor inhibitor
Facilitates GABA actions
Used to treat seizures

81
Q

Perampanel

A

AMPA receptor inhibitor
Weak enzyme induction at high dose
Long lasting (half-life 52-129 hours)
Used to treat seizures

81
Q

Pregabalin

A

Calcium channel inhibitor
Used to treat seizures and neuropathic pain

81
Q

Gabapentin

A

Calcium channel inhibitor
Structural analog of GABA
Used to treat seizures and neuropathic pain

82
Q

Flumazenil

A

Used to treat benzodiazepine overdose

PMCOL 343 (2 decks)

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