Midterm 1 (b) Flashcards
What is pencil shrink?
Condition of sale that estimates the sale weight by reducing the scale weight by some %, usually 2-6%.
What is excretory shrink?
Loss of guts and bladder contents, easily replaced.
What is tissue shrink?
Too much stress during transfer. It upsets the digestive system and the animals can take 10-30 days to recover.
What does FOB the farm mean?
Free on Board, the buyer (feedlot) pays the transport from point of sale to feedlot.
List 3 pricing practices for feeder cattle.
per head basis
per lb basis
per lb sliding basis
For a cow calf producer what is the main advantage of forward contracting? Disadvantage?
Secure market for animals, protect against market fluctuations.
Penalties if you don’t make contract. May miss out on taking advantage of a price fluctuation.
What are 2 sale price methods used for slaughter cattle?
- per head basis
- rail grade—based on carcass weight and grade
- per weight based on estimate of grade.
What is the most common method for selling slaughtered cattle?
Sealed bid
What are the advantages of forward contracting to the packer?
- Secure a supply for a steady influx of animals
- Negotiate the type of animal
- be selective bidder at auctions
What are the advantages of forward contracting to the feedlot?
Secure marketing and protection from fluctuations in price.
FOB point of sale?
Free on Board-seller responsible for freight
What is the most common reproductive technology?
AI
What 2 agricultural sectors use AI the most?
Dairy, Turkey, swine
What does AI have a major impact on?
Genetics
What to we need to be able to do for AI to be successful?
To detect STANDING HEAT OR ESTROUS done through behaviour or record keeping.
What is the value of ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION?
Know for AI, when a female is in heat. Leads to a shorter breeding season which leads to a more uniform crop.
List 3 things an ESTROUS SYNCHRONIZATION program must do.
- needs to synchronize the majority of herd or flock
- easy to administer
- economical
- cant decrease fertility
What is the value of embryo transfer?
To get more offspring from top producing females.
What is the value of embryo transfer?
Get more offspring from TOP PRODUCING FEMALES.
Why would sperm sexing be useful in agriculture?
Usually one gender has more value –egg laying hens–only females lay eggs therefore no males to hatch and dispose of.
For genetic selection to be successful, what must producers do?
They must keep good records and measure traits accurately.
Direct Sales
ADVANTAGES?
- less shrinkage
- no commission
- less transport costs
- you are able to refuse bids
Direct Slaes
DISADVANTAGES?
- attracts fewer bidders
- need strong knowledge base
Commission Sales -(auction mart)
ADVANTAGES?
- attracts a lot of bidders
- bonded-get paid within 48 hrs
Commission Sales
DISADVANTAGES?
- pay commission
- more transport and shrinkage costs
- can’t refuse bids
Direct Dales with Commission
ADVANTAGES?
- less transport than commission sales than auction mart
- mix animals to get larger uniform lots
Direct Sales with Commission
DISADVANTAGES?
- commission
- site selection, who involved
What is the purpose of agriculture?
Satisfaction of needs
Individual can consume, excess can be sold
national food security, export
