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Agri 1510 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Castrated male horse.

A

Gelding

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1
Q

What is one quota of dairy?

A

1 kg butterfat

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2
Q

What is a castrated male cattle?

A

Steer

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3
Q

What is farrow to weaning?

A

Breed females and sell weaned piglets

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4
Q

Feeder?

A

Buy pigs from farrow to weaning operations, sell to market

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5
Q

How long are hens kept in laying barn?

A

12 mos

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6
Q

Farrow to finish?

A

Breed female pigs then raise pigs to market weight

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7
Q

Newborn cattle

A

calf

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8
Q

Newborn sheep

A

lamb

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9
Q

Newborn goat

A

Kid

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10
Q

Castrated male horse?

A

gelding

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11
Q

castrated male pig

A

Burrow

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13
Q

Castrated male chicken

A

Capon

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14
Q

Castrated male cattle

A

steer

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14
Q

Castrated male goat

A

wether

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15
Q

Castrated male sheep

A

wether

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16
Q

Mature male cattle

A

Bull

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17
Q

Mature male sheep

A

Ram

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18
Q

Mature male goat

A

Buck

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19
Q

Mature female cattle

A

cow

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20
Q

Mature female sheep

A

ewe

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21
Q

Mature female goat

A

Doe

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22
Q

Immature female cattle

A

Heifer

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23
Q

Immature female sheep

A

Ewe lamb

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24
Q

Immature female goat

A

Doe

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25
Q

Immature male cattle

A

bull calf

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26
Q

immature male sheep

A

ram lamb

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27
Q

immature male goat

A

buck kid

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28
Q

WHAT AGE DO HENS ENTER LAYING BARN?

A

19 WEEKS

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29
Q

OVIPOSITION

A

CHICKENS

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30
Q

KIDDING

A

GOATS

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31
Q

CALVING

A

CATTLE

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32
Q

LAMBING

A

LAMBS

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33
Q

FARROWING

A

PIGS

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34
Q

FOALING

A

HORSES

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35
Q

HOW MANY TIMES ARE BROILERS MARKETED?

A

7-8 TIMES PER YEAR

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36
Q

HOW MANY EGGS WILL A HEN PRODUCE IN HER LIFETIME?

A

290-300 EGGS

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37
Q

NEWBORN CATTLE

A

CALF

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38
Q

NEWBORN SHEEP

A

LAMB

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39
Q

NEWBORN GOAT

A

KID

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40
Q

MATURE MALE HORSE

A

STALLION

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41
Q

MATURE MALE PIG

A

BOAR

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42
Q

MATURE MALE CHICKEN

A

ROOSTER

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43
Q

WHAT TYPE OF BREEDING IS MOST COMMON IN TURKEY?

A

AI

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44
Q

FARROW TO WEANING

A

BREED FEMALES AND SELL WEANED PIGLETS

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45
Q

IMMATURE MALE HORSE

A

COLT

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46
Q

IMMATURE MALE PIG

A

SHOAT

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47
Q

IMMATURE MALE CHICKEN

A

COCKEREL

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48
Q

NEWBORN HORSE

A

FOAL

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49
Q

NEWBORN PIG

A

PIGLET

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50
Q

NEWBORN CHICKEN

A

CHICK

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51
Q

WHAT IS MULTIPLE COMPONENT PRICING?

A

PAID FOR BUTTERFAT, PROTEIN, OTHER SOLIDS

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52
Q

LIST 4 THINGS OTHER THAN THE COMPONENTS PAID FOR THAT ARE MEASURED IN MILK TO ENSURE QUALITY?

A

ANTIBIOTICS
FREEZING POINT (H20 CONTENT)
SOMATIC CELL COUNT
BACTERIA COUNT

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53
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IF ANTIBIOTICS FOUND IN PRODUCERS MILK?

A

MILK IS DUMPED, AND PRODUCER MUST PAY FOR LOST MILK AND DISPOSAL COSTS, WILL NOT PICK MILK UP AGAIN UNTIL MILK TESTS (-) FOR AB

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54
Q

CAN YOU PRODUCE EGGS IN MANITOBA WITHOUT QUOTA?

A

YES, 100< HENS

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55
Q

HOW IS OVERPRODUCTION DISCOURAGED IN EGG INDUSTRY?

A

FINES

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56
Q

WHAT IS THE QUOTA UNIT FOR EGGS?

A

LAYING HEN

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57
Q

WHAT IS THE QUOTA UNIT FOR TURKEY?

A

KG OF LIVE MARKETED PER YEAR

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59
Q

LIST 4 THINGS TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION WHEN SETTING PRICE FOR TURKEY

A

SUPPLY AND DEMAND
COST OF PRODUCT
PRICE OF COMPETITIVE PRODUCT
AVAILABILITY OF SIMILAR PRODUCT FROM OUTSIDE MB

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60
Q

Can you produce chicken in Manitoba without quota?

A

Yes, if less than 1000 birds.

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61
Q

What is the quota unit for chicken?

A

Kg of live weight marketed per cycle (7 weeks)

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62
Q

What is the quota unit for broiler hatching eggs?

A

Breeding hen

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63
Q

How is supply managed for pregnant mare’s urine?

A

Singel company that buys the product only buys from people with a contract.

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64
Q

From 1960 to mid 1990’s how were hogs sold in MB? How are they sold now?

A

Single desk, had to sell via a provincial board.
Dual market system
can sell via HEMS?? or provincial board or independently

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65
Q

When the Canadian pork council was established in the 1960’s, what was it’s primary objectives?

A
  1. to create a grading system

2. to promote export of high quality product

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66
Q

Are weanlings a large part of MB’s hog production?

A

YEs

67
Q

What factors are included in pricing weanlings?

A
  1. weight
  2. market prices
  3. health and treatment status
68
Q

How has genetic selection in hogs changed in the last few decades?

A

Historically most producers retained their own animals and reared them as replacement stock
 More and more producers now attain their replacement stock from breeding companies

69
Q

Define a cull animal and list 2 reasons to cull an animal?

A 
An animal that has been removed from the breeding herd/flock
1. too old
2.health
3.temperament
not reproductive
70
Q

Define replacement animal

A

the animal placed into a breeding herd to replace a culled animal

71
Q

Define a stock or backgrounder

A

Weak calf that is fed forage to gain weight slowly before entering the feedlot.

72
Q

What is estrous cycle?

A

Time between ovulation and standing heat periods.

73
Q

Standing heat?

A

Time when a female is willing to mate, occurs around time of ovulation.

74
Q

Gestation length

A

Length of pregnancy

75
Q

What is partition for swine?

A

farrrowing

76
Q

We generally aim for a breeding season of 63 days for cow-calf producers. Why?

A

Allows couple of chances to get bred, and allows for a short calving season which means more uniform calf group.

77
Q

What type of breeding is most common in cow-calf operations?

A

Natural, 1 bull 25-40 cows

78
Q

Define an open cow

A

Not pregnant at end of breeding season.

79
Q

List 4 areas where control is applied in agriculture

A
  1. nutrition
  2. time and pattern of harvest
  3. reproduction/genetics
  4. location
80
Q

List 4 features of a system

A

group of components working towards a common purpose
capable of responding as a whole to an external system
outputs have no direct effect on system
borders should include all significant feedbacks

81
Q

In order for a model to be useful, what must it be able to do?

A

Predict a real outcome.

82
Q

How is a model validated?

A

test it against real data, data not used in creating model.

83
Q

List 4 modifiers of CONFINED animal agriculture other than public opinion?

A

macro climate
micro climate
disease pressures
management

84
Q

BST is banned because?

A

Animal welfare concern, susceptibility to mastisitis.

85
Q

Recent changes with regards to phosphorous?

A

Lake Wpg manure/nutrient management.

86
Q

Give 4 areas where public opinion has altered animal agriculture.

A
  1. environmental issues
  2. animal welfare-cages
  3. food quality issues-omega, lean meat, low cholest, organic
  4. animal nutrition-decreased use of meat products in feeding livestock
87
Q

Calculate the efficiency ratio for a system with 20 units if output for every 10 units of input. Is it sustainable?

A

20/10=2, sustainable

88
Q

List 5 reasons behind the changes in efficiency we have seen in animal agriculture in the last century.

A
  1. genetics
  2. nutrition
  3. health-more vacc.
  4. innovation-eg robotic miker
  5. housing
89
Q

If the efficiency of ruminants is so low, why do we continue to produce them?

A

The protein and energy used b ruminants is often unusable by humans
graze marginal lands
economically sustainable
by products and foods not suitable for humans

90
Q

Define food security

A

Adequate food and cash flow to meet individual needs.

91
Q

How does protein intake of nations change as economic status increases?

A

Increase in total production intake, more from animal products.

92
Q

Currently how much arable land is there per person in the world?

A

.24 hectare

93
Q

What % annually is food production going to increase to match population growth?

A

1.5%

94
Q

What is the cull rate for beef production?

A

15%

95
Q

What age are beef calves weaned?

A

200 days, 6-7 mos

96
Q

What happens once beef calves are weaned?

A
  1. replacement animal
  2. go to feed lot to slaughter
  3. backgrounder or stalker, eat forage to gain weight
97
Q

When is the breeding calving season for dairy?

A

All year, qual # of calves born each month.

98
Q

Most breeding in dairy is done by?

A

AI

99
Q

What is the cull rate from dairy?

A

25-40% High due to reproductive issues.

100
Q

What is the length of lactation for a dairy cow?

A

305 days.

101
Q

What is the dry period? How long should it be?

A

Time when cow does not lactate, until she calves again

102
Q

What is the cull rate for sheep and goats?

A

15%

103
Q

List the commodities under supply management in Canada?

A 
Dairy
Eggs
Chicken
Turkey
Broiler hatching eggs
104
Q

List 2 things the National Farm products council needs to know before it allows a commodity to become supply managed.

A
  1. Majority of the producers must be in favour

2. There must be MERIT in allowing supp. mgmnt

105
Q

List 3 negatives associated with supply management?

A
  1. Hard to enter (barriers to entry)
  2. trade issues with other countries
  3. price issues
106
Q

List 3 functions of national agencies.

A
  1. Set national quota
  2. Set support prices
  3. control imports
  4. promote milk
  5. in charge of all movement of dairy across prov. and intl borders
107
Q

Give 3 roles of provincial agencies.

A
  1. transport & marketing of milk from processors
  2. promotion
  3. imporve quality, innovation
108
Q

In DAIRY list 3 things taken into consideration when setting the national quota amount.

A
  1. domenstic consumption
  2. amount of stock held by Canadian Dairy Commission
  3. prediction of imports
109
Q

How is OVERPRODUCTION discouraged in DAIRY?

A

Pay very little for over quota milk.

110
Q

What are 2 factors used in determining the carcass index for market hogs?

A
  1. carcass weight

2. estimated lean yield

111
Q

Newborn horse

A

foal

112
Q

Newborn pig

A

piglet

113
Q

newborn chicken

A

chick

114
Q

Immature female horse

A

filly

115
Q

Immature female pig

A

Gilt

116
Q

Immature female chicken

A

Pullet<19 weeks

117
Q

PUBERTY (Mos) CATTLE

A

10-13

118
Q

PUBERTY (Mos) SHEEP

A

5-7

119
Q

PUBERTY (mos) GOAT

A

3 male, 9-10 female

120
Q

ESTROUS CYCLE CATTLE (D)

A

21

121
Q

ESTROUS CYCLE SHEEP (D)

A

16

122
Q

ESTROUS CYCLE GOAT (D)

A

21

123
Q

STANDING HEAT (HRS) CATTLE

A

12

124
Q

STANDING HEAT (HRS) SHEEP

A

30

125
Q

STANDING HEAT (HRS) GOAT

A

39

126
Q

GESTATION LENGTH CATTLE

A

283 DAYS

127
Q

GESTATION LENGHT SHEEP

A

148 DAYS

128
Q

GESTATION LENGTH GOAT

A

150 DAYS

129
Q

AVG # OF OFFSPRING CATTLE

A

1

130
Q

AVG # OF OFFSPRING SHEEP

A

1.2-1.5

131
Q

AVG # OF OFFSPRING GOAT

A

2.5-3

132
Q

AGE AT FORST BREEDING CATTLE

A

14-18 MOS

133
Q

AGE AT FRST BREEDING SHEEP

A

8-16 MOS

134
Q

AGE AT FIRST BREEDING GOAT

A

10-16 MOS

135
Q

PUBERTY HORSE (MOS)

A

MALE-13-18

FEMALE-15-24

136
Q

PUBERTY PIG (MOS)

A

MALE-4-8

FEMALE-4-7

137
Q

PUBERTY CHICKEN (MOS)

A

EGG-4-5

MEAT-5-6

138
Q

ESTROUS CYCLE HORSES (D)

A

21

139
Q

ESTROUS CYCLE PIGS (D)

A

20

140
Q

STANDING HEAT HORSES

A

4-6 DAYS

141
Q

STANDING HEAT PIGS

A

2-3 DAYS

142
Q

GESTATION LENGTH HORSES

A

336 DAYS

143
Q

GESTATION LENGTH PIGS

A

115 DAYS

144
Q

AVG # OF OFFSPRING HORSES

A

1

145
Q

AVG # OF OFFSPRING PIGS

A

8-10

146
Q

AGE AT FORST BREEDING HORSES (MOS)

A

24-36

147
Q

AGE A T FIRST BREEDING PIGS (MOS)

A

8

148
Q

MATURE FEMALE HORSE

A

MARE

149
Q

MATURE FEMALE PIG

A

SOW

150
Q

MATURE FEMALE CHICKEN

A

HEN

151
Q

How does sex affect price of feeder cattle?

A

steers get a better price than heifers

152
Q

How does weight affect the price of cattle?

A

500-600 lbs usually best, based on per lb price

153
Q

How does supply and demand affect the price of cattle?

A

Seasonal
feedlots need
supply of feeder cattle

154
Q

How does FRAMe SIZE affect the price of cattle?

A

Medium to large framed cattle get higher bids.

155
Q

How does type of cattle affect the price?

A

breed, colour

156
Q

How does the condition affect the price of cattle?

A

Flesh, animals with lots of tag are discounted. Tag is ice, manure, mud on coat.

157
Q

How does lot size affect price of cattle?

A

> 40 head get higher bids than small lots. More uniform the lot, the higher the bid.

158
Q

How does APPEARANCE affect the price of cattle?

A

stale cattle, cattle flipped, stressed will lower bid.

159
Q

How does type of cattle affect the price of cattle?

A

Lower bid due to need to castrate or dehorn.

160
Q

How does pre-conditioning affect the price of cattle?

A

Increase bid cost, but does cost money

161
Q

What 3 things is supply management meant to ensure?

A
  1. Enough product is produced to meet domestic demand
  2. Ensure reasonable return to producers
  3. ensure a reasonable and stable price for consumers
162
Q

What 3 things must be controlled in supply management?

A
  1. control domestic production
  2. control imports
  3. control prices for producers
163
Q

List 3 things taken into consideration when setting support prices?

A
  1. Cost of production
  2. Processors margin
  3. Consumer price index

Agri 1510 (5 decks)

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