Midterm 1 Flashcards
(59 cards)
Define Social Psychology
The scientific study of how people affect and are affected by others.
Max Ringelmann
Social Loafing 1880
Define Social Loafing
As the group size increases, individual effort decreases. Max Ringelmann
Norman Triplett
Social Facilitation 1897
Define Social Facilitation
The mere presence of another person enhances performance on a simple task. Norman Triplett
Kevin Lewin’s Formula
Behaviour is the function of the person and the situation.
To make a prediction you must know something about the individual and you must know something about the situation.
Stanley Milgram
Study on obedience (WW2). People tend to follow authority even when it goes against their morals and better judgement.
Define Behaviourism
Theoretical approach that seeks to explain the behaviour in terms of learning principles without reference to inner states thoughts or feelings.
Define Freudian Psychoanalysis
Theoretical approach that seeks to explain the behaviour by looking to the deep unconscious forces inside the person.
ABC Triad
Affect- how people feel inside, how they feel about others, how they feel about various issues.
Behaviour- actions.
Cognition- what people think about themselves, others, various problems in the social world.
Define Applied Research
Focuses on solving particular practical problems.
Define Basic Research
Focuses on a general understanding of basic principles that can be applied to many different problems.
Accumulated Common Wisdom
It allows us to happily and effortlessly judge adages as being true and at the same time judge their opposite that being true.
Adage: a short statement expressing general truth
i.e. “opposites attract”, “out of sight, out of mind”, “birds of a feather flock together”
Hindsight Bias or “Knew it all along” Phenomenon
The tendencies after an event has occurred, to overestimate one’s ability to have foreseen the outcome.
Most things seem intuitive after the fact.
Scientific Method
- State problem.
- Testable hypothesis.
- Design study to test hypothesis.
- Test by confronting hypothesis.
- Report study results to scientific community.
Define Hypothesis
An idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved, generally derived from theories.
Theories
Composed of constructs (abstract ideas or concepts) that are linked together in a logical way.
Constructs
Built with specified dimensions. Connected to concrete observational variables by using operational definitions.
Operational Definitions
Observable operations, procedures, and measurements that are based on the independent and dependant variables.
Tie unobservable constructs to concrete representations of those constructs.
The more abstract the construct, the more difficult it is to operationally define.
Frustration Aggression Theory
Events are more frustrating if you are close to the goal.
Define Construct Validity Of The Cause
The independent variable is a valid representation of the theoretical stimulus.
Define Construct Validity Of The Cause
The independent variable is a valid representation of the theoretical stimulus.
Define Construct Validity Of The Effect
The dependant variable is a valid representation of the theoretical response.
Define Experiment
A study in which the researcher manipulates an independent variable and randomly assigns people to groups.
Manipulates the independent variable and holds all other variables constant.