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Cdn Health Care > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

BNA act

A

British north American act, 1867, created the federation union of Canada, became the constitution act in 1982

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2
Q

Liberal Democracy

A

democratic system of government where individual rights and freedoms are officially recognized and the exercises of political power is limited by the rule of law, which means that everyone must abide by the law

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3
Q

Charter of rights and freedoms

A

supreme law of canada, 1867, document lays out legislative, executive and judicial structure and authority

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4
Q

Department of Health

A

federal government of health created in 1919, became Health Canada in 1993

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5
Q

Federal responsibilities

A

aboriginal peoples, veterans, armed forces, rcmp, correctional services, temporary coverage for immigrants

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6
Q

Medicare

A

name for Canadian National Health plan

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7
Q

block transfer

A

one payment from federal government to provincial government to cover costs of all services

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8
Q

extra billing

A

an additional fee charged to the user by a health care professional for a service that is covered under the provincial health plan

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9
Q

Canada Health Act

A

1984, became law under liberal gov, goal was to provide equal and prepaid and accessible health care to eligible canadians

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10
Q

eligibility

A

Canadian citizenship; permanent resident, resident of province or territory where seeking health care services, physically resides in that jurisdiction for at least 5 months, immigrants and refugee covered federally

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11
Q

Criteria of CHA act

A

public administration, comprehensive coverage, universality, portability, accessibility

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12
Q

Conditions of CHA

A

recognition, information

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13
Q

Public Administrative

A

criteria: health plan must be managed by a public authority for a non-profit bias. all plans must be overseen by the ministry of health

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14
Q

comprehensive coverage

A

must allow any eligible Canadian with medical need access to pre paid medically necessary services. no barriers across Canada

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15
Q

universality

A

all eligible residents are entitled to all of the insured health services, the inability to pay cannot prevent access to care

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16
Q

portability

A

Canadians moving to a different prov/ ter are covered for health care by their province or origin during the waiting period (this period cannot exceed 3 months), canadians leaving the country are still insured for a period of time decided by their province

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17
Q

accessibility

A

insure that all eligible canadians have reasonable access to services where and when they are available, this applies to wait times as well

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18
Q

Information

A

province or territory must provide all info on health services provided by their plan to the federal government

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19
Q

Recognition

A

province or territory must publicly recognize the federal government financial contributions to all health services provided

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20
Q

Medically necessary

A

clinical judgment made by a physician regarding the necessity of a service provided under the plan

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21
Q

user charge

A

a fee imposed for an insured health service that is not covered by the provincial plan

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22
Q

primary health care reform

A

changes to the delivery of primary health care with the goal of providing all Canadians access to appropriate health care providers 24/7, no matter where they live

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23
Q

goals of the primary health care reform

A

team oriented care, emphasis on health, community based care, focus on health promotion, comprehensive and integrated care, collaborative care

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24
Q

Mazankowski Report

A

2001, provide strategic advice to the premier for preservation and future advancement of the quality of health services in Alberta. OUTCOME: by 2003 Alberta became the first province to implement a province wide electronic health record initiative

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25
Q

Kirby Report

A

2002, examine the state of the Canadian health care system and the role of the federal government. OUTCOME: not widely accepted but led to Ontario implementing payment premiums for health care

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26
Q

romanow report purpose

A

present recommendations to ensure the survival of Canadas health care system and to consider health promotion and disease prevention initiatives

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27
Q

romanow outcome

A

in 2004, gov. embarked 10 billion to address report, set amount from federal to provincial, limit on wait times, health council of canada was created in 2014, premiers agreed on more funding and initiatives for health care renewal. Primary health care reform initiatives implemented

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28
Q

Health accord

A

legal agreement between federal and provincial governments on health care funding

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29
Q

Health Canada

A

federal body headed by the minister of health, oversee health promotion and disease prevention (introduce campaigns), funding to provinces, ensure all provinces and territories are following CHA, research, health info resource, interacts with WHO, and travel alerts

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30
Q

Health ministry branches

A

there are 12 in total

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31
Q

Audit and accountability bureau

A

internal monitoring system

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32
Q

Chief Financial Officer Branch

A

oversees the use of health Canada’s resources and ensures finances are spent wisely, and that other departments adhere to policies and regulations

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33
Q

department Secretariat

A

executive office, acts as link between executive and political levels. other departments report to them

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34
Q

corporate services branch

A

provides support and services to health canada, and also provides language and training support

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35
Q

Legal Services

A

reporting to the department of justice, they provide legal advice and other legal services to health canada

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36
Q

First nations and inuit Health branch

A

oversee delivery of primary health care services to aboriginal people, also manages federal funding for health services to these populations

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37
Q

strategic policy branch

A

develops and implements the federal gov. health Canada health care policies

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38
Q

Health products and food branch

A

reviews health risks and benefits of drugs, vaccines, medical devices, natural health products, veterinary drugs and food

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39
Q

Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety branch

A

develops and supports programs that promote a safe healthy lifestyle and environment for canadians

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40
Q

Regions and Programs Bureau

A

comprises the regions, workplace health and public safety program and programs directorate

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41
Q

communication and public affairs branch

A

perform a number of duties involving communication activities and responsibilities (maintaining communication with health canada and the public) and marketing and communication services

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42
Q

pest management regulatory agency

A

evaluates pesticides in canada before allowing them on the market, and control pests (mosquitos-viruses) that are harmful to humans, pets and environment

43
Q

Agencies

A

public health agency, canadian institute of health research, patented medicine price review board

44
Q

public health agency

A

has a mandate to promote health and prevent diseases

45
Q

patented medicine prices review board

A

monitors prices of patented drugs to ensure fairness to both manufacturer and consumer

46
Q

canadians institutes of health research

A

directs and funds research across canada (13 research institutes), created under the CIHR act 2000

47
Q

Responsibility of health ministry

A

maintaining and improving health of canadians, oversees health portfolio, supervising the collection and analysis of info, collaborating with provinces and territory counterparts

48
Q

Canadian Institute of Health INformation

A

CIHI, independent organization that provides information, works with CIHR, their data is used at all levels of government

49
Q

Patented Medicines Review Board

A

1987, under the patent act, limits prices, regulatory, reporting

50
Q

international collaborators

A

WHO, Pan American health organization, North American Collaboration, Organization for economic cooperation and development

51
Q

Provincial role

A

13 separate health plans, each province administers own plan, must abide by CHA, hospital care and medically necessary, each province has a ministry of health, each province determines how to pay for services not covered by the federal government

52
Q

Health Ministers responsibilities (PRovincial)

A

implementing and regulating health plans, hospital and medical care, negotiations of salaries for health care workers

53
Q

Categories of health care

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary

54
Q

Primary health care

A

access to direct primary care services (doctors, nurses etc)

55
Q

secondary care

A

referral to a specialist by a primary care doctor, short term, may result in specialized care delivery or referral to tertiary care

56
Q

tertiary care

A

highly specialized, reffered by a specialist, may be short or long term, care usually provided by one or more specialists

57
Q

quaternary care

A

highly specialized, not widely available, often at a facility such as a university hospital that may involve treatments that are in the final stage of research

58
Q

Regional Health authorities

A

transition in the 1990s, defined geographic region, help meet needs of community, board governance, service centralized to regions, many small facilities were closed, some services shifted to more rural areas to keep facilities open, most provinces moved back to central health authority

59
Q

4 goals of regional Health authorities

A

amalgamate services, health promotion and disease prevention, involve the public, implement appropriate and effective governance

60
Q

move from regionalization

A

decrease red tape, services streamlined and easier to access, decreased admin cost, no evidence for which is better

61
Q

New Brunswick health system

A

2 health authorities- horizon and vitalité, each has a board of directors, medavie health services- extra mural programs and ambulance nb, service nb-non clinical support

62
Q

Provincial payment methods

A

premiums, payroll tax, general revenue, fundraising

63
Q

Health Care Premiums

A

alberta, BC, Ontario, premium for private health care are deductible, for public are not, does not contravene Canada Health Act as long as no one is denied care, individuals may receive assistance based on income, variety of formulas determine rates

64
Q

Payroll Tax

A

Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and NFL, collected from employers to specifically fund health care, variety of formulas to determine tax

65
Q

Private Health Insurance

A

60% of canadians have it, helps offset the cost not covered by provincial plan, group employment benefits help cover what is deemed as not medically necessary, drug coverage

66
Q

Applying for insurance to the ministry of health

A

documents that are required vary: proof of citizenship, personal identification, if moving to Canada, immigrant identification number
wait period cannot exceed 3 months

67
Q

Health card

A

applicant is assigned a # once approved, must be presented when accessing services, only provincial health care providers can request card, if health card is not valid will have to pay

68
Q

Health Card FRaud

A

when an individual uses a health card that is not assigned to them, non-resident falsifies applicant information, difficult to detect, serous offence, health care providers watch for suspicious activity, report lost cards immediately

69
Q

Private Health Care

A

offers services not medically necessary, diagnostic tests, some jurisdictions will subcontract services to private clinic, “boutique” clinics

70
Q

Insured Medical Services

A

deemed medically necessary by medical doctor, must be referred by a doctor for a specialist visit, each province has a list of insured services, physicians may bill for other noninsured services

71
Q

drugs

A

second highest health care expenditure, all provinces have prescription drug plans for social assistance, private plans have deductibles, formulary list determines what drugs are covered, lifestyle drugs not covered, prescribers need to get approval for drugs not on the list

72
Q

conventional medicine

A

mainstream medicine, “western”, conventional health care workers is any non alternative , science based education

73
Q

complementary and alternative medicine

A

medicine practices by health care professionals not considered conventional, not widely accepted in hospitals, patients seek

74
Q

regulation of health care workers

A

there to serve the interest of the public; accountable to the government for living up to the deal defined by enabling legislation. regulatory bodies are there to protect the public from incompetent or unethical practicers

75
Q

legislation

A

for health care professionals provides TITLE PROTECTION. which means only individuals who have met the criteria and are registered can use the title

76
Q

Regulator methods of protecting the public

A

determining educational standards, standards and reviewing education programs, licensure exam that test entry level competency, a clear complaint process

77
Q

health profession act in NB

A

new brunswick has legislation for all health care professionals

78
Q

Controlled acts

A

procedures that must be preformed by a qualified professional (for safety of patient), identified in regulator health profession act or equivalent, expectation (individual has taken course to learn specific skill)

79
Q

Delagated acts

A

“means by which a regulator health care professional transfers legal authority or permits another person to carry out a controlled act they are otherwise not qualified to do.”

guidelines for delegation vary, bearers of responsibility (delegating health care professional, agency, delegate)

80
Q

complaints

A

formal process, complaints committee (determines legitimacy and course of action(dismissal, investigation, disciplinary action)) each regulator is require to have a formal complaints process

81
Q

educational standards

A

set by regulator, include theory and clinical, entry to practice exam, competency based assessment program

82
Q

licensing

A

provincial and territorial regulator (conjunction with education institute) almost all require annual renewal

83
Q

non-regulated health care workers

A

no legislation or regulatory body, may have professional organization, hiring agency determines requirements, no specific standard

84
Q

practice setting for health care worker

A

clinics, hospital, dr office, home and community, institutions, tel helplines, community health centers

85
Q

Primary health care vs primary care

A

PHC is an approach to health and a spectrum of services beyond the tradition health care system whereas PC is an element within PHC, services are delivered by family physicians and general medical practitioners, they focus on diagnosis and treatment of illness and injury. PHC is a team of providers who are accountable for providing comprehensive services to their clients

86
Q

RNs

A

self regulated, scope of practice: work autonomously and collaboratively, clients: individuals, families, groups, communities, populations, across life span, provide direct care services, coordinate care support clients in managing own health, leadership. Setting: Practice, education, admin, research, policy

87
Q

Entry to practice (RN)

A

Bachelor degree(2,3 or 4 yr program) national exam (NCLEX), national council of state board of nursing, ontario nurses write jursiprudence

88
Q

Nurse Practionners

A

entry to practice: RN w extra training and skills, masters degree, national exam specific to specialty
diagnose and treat conditions, order and interpret labs and diagnostic tests, perscibe, health educators, disease prevention and health promotion, specific controlled acts, yearly registration as NP

89
Q

Clincal Nurse Specialists

A

masters doctoral degree, specialized knowledge, evidence based practice, leadership positions, CNS is not a protected title, yearly registration as RN

90
Q

RPNs

A

Registered Psychiatric Nurse, separate regulated profession in Western Canada (degree level, med and surgical skills along with mental health)
Focus: mental/developmental wellness, mental illness, addictions, substance misuse
hospitals, community, crisis stabilization and assessment unit

91
Q

LPNs

A

entry to practice; 2 yr program, Canadian PRactical Nurse Registration Examination (CPNRE)
expanding skill set
hospitals, longterm, home care, community
collaborative w RN and other team members
association of NB LPN (ANBLPN)

92
Q

National standards for RNs

A 
canadian Nurse association (CNA)
-national and global voice for canadian nurses
- advocated for nurses and health care
- committed to public funded
- not all jurisdictions are members
- administer CRNE until NCLEX
framework for practice of RNS in Canada
- code of ethics
93
Q

NB nursing regulations

A 
nurses act (1984, ammended in 1997 and 2002) protects nurse title, nurses association of Nb (NANB)-->self regulation: promote good practice, prevent undesirable practice, intervening in unacceptable practice when necessary
-public protection
94
Q

NANB

A

board of directors: association governing and policy making body, on behalf of RNs in NB, the board ensure the association achieves the results defined in the Ends policies in the best interest of the publiv

95
Q

NANB structure

A

president and president elect (2 yr term as elect, then 2 yr as pres)
7 regional directors (elected by members) (3 year term)
3 public directors (2 appointed by LG, 1 from minister of health)(3 year term)

96
Q

NANB staff

A

president and executive director, regulatory (registar and quality assurance program manager, general council, nurses coalition), practice (senior advisor, nursing education and practice, nurse consultant) corporate services, communications

97
Q

NANB Registration services

A

new nb grads, registration exam, registration verification, registration renewal, registration reinstatement, NP registration

98
Q

NANB Membership Services

A

nurse practice consultations, nursing standards publication, professional journal, continuing education, legal services. NANB provides members services that can both benefit them in their practice and in their practice of nursing

99
Q

NANB complaints and discipline

A

mandatory reporting:

RNs unable to function safetly, dismissal of RN related to incompetence or incapacity, incidents of sexual abuse

100
Q

how to lodge a complaint NANB

A

contact regulatory consultant

101
Q

How complaints are handled

A

nurse and employer immediately notified (submit relevant info), complaint committee meet (3 members, 2 rns, 1 public) either dismissed or referred to disciplinary or review committee, which holds a hearing (4 members 3 RNs, 1 public) nurses and complainant may attend, testimony received, committee decides outcome

102
Q

disciplinary committee

A

other issues than health related

103
Q

review committee

A

health related issues

104
Q

discipline decisions

A

decision is delivered promptly to nurse, complainant and employer, public notice must be given of any suspensions or revocations (posted online), public can check registration at any time

Cdn Health Care (4 decks)

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