final review Flashcards
British North American Act
1867, created the federation union of canada joined by legislation
constitution act
1982, charter of rights and freedoms became part of the constitution, allowed canada to amend their own constitution without approval from britain
population density and geographical challenges
in some areas, population is very romote making providing accessible health care difficult
charter of rights and freedoms
highest law in Canada outlining legislative, judicial and executive structures
liberal democracy
democratic system in which rights and freedoms are officially recognized and political power is limited by the rules of law
federal responsibilities
tax, post, commerce, military, criminal law, aboriginal people, (funding and enacting CHA)
Provincial responsibilities
education, hospitals, prisons, (implementing CHA)
aboriginal governance
assembly of first nations, advocacy body representing all chiefs in canada
Indian Act
1876, gave authority to federal gov over aboriginal affairs, residential schools, limit spiritual or religious ceremony, who was “indian”
truth and reconciliation
a committee dedicated to educating everyone in canada about residential schools, component of the residential school settlement
Canada Health Act (1984)
sets out the conditions and criteria of provincial and territorial health insurance plan
CHA criteria
public administration comprehensive coverage universality portability accessibility
public administration
must be admitted by a member of the public health system–non profit
comprehensive coverage
health plan must include all medically necessary services
universality
all eligible citizens must be covered for the medically necessary services
portability
care across canada
accessibility
everyone in canada has equal access, reasonable access without paying
federal health care responsibilities
they fund CHA, and ensure that all provinces follow the CHA, leadership and advice, interact with the WHO
Provincial Health Care responsibilities
they implement the plan how they have interpreted it
Health Canada
the federal department of health, headed by health minister, health promotion and disease prevention ensures all provinces are abiding, provides services to military, rcmp, aboriginal, remote communities, refugees
Health Canada branches
audit and accountability, chief financial officer, communication and public affair, corporate services, department secretariat, first nations and inuit, healthy environment and consumer, healthy products and food, legal services, pest management regulatory, regions and programs, strategic policy, opioid research, cannabis legalization and regulation
agencies of health canada
public health agency of canada, canada institute for research, Canada Institute for Information, patented medicine review board
first nation and Inuit health Branch
indigenous services
jordans principal
all aboriginal children will receive care and will be paid by the province in which they are being treated and once care is provided then financial matters will be discussed
health environments and consumer safety branch
help canadians maintain their health by promoting healthy and safe living, recreational and working environments
Health products and food branch
mandate is to manage the health-related risks and benefits of health products and food
opioid research branch
help canadians by doing research on ways to eliminate the death and harm caused by opioids
cannabis legalization and regulation
determine regulations and laws regarding cannabis
Canada Institute for Health Research
provide research for a wide range of subjects to the gov of canada
Canadian Institute for Health Information
works closely with the CIHR, provides essential information on the health system and the health of canadians
public health agency of canada
works to create new initiatives to promote wellness and prevent disease within the community
Regional health authority
health care facilities based in a defined geographical region, helps meet needs of the community (vs centralized)
regional health goals
amalgamate services, health promotion and disease prevention, involve public, implement appropriate and effective governance
categories of health
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
primary care
services provided by family doctor or in hospital, public access
secondary care
requires referral from family doctor
tertiary
highly specialized, requires referral from specialist
quaternary
very highly specialized, not widely available
covered services
medically necessary
health card
applicant is assigned a number, must present card when accessing care, if not valid, providers may take it away, wait period may not exceed 3 months
conventional medicine
western, more modern medicine, science/ evidence based
complimentary medicine
alternative medicine, not generally offered in hospitals
regulation os health care professionals
legislation, self-governing professional body, title protection, protect public (educational standards, entry to practice exam, competencies)
NB nurses act- complaints
determine complaint legitimacy, report to employer, determine complaint action-dismissal, investigation, disciplinary action
NB Nurses Act- educational standards
4 year bachelor program, NCLEX, includes theory and practical, competency based programs
NB Nurses act- licensing
RN, nanb in conjunction with educational institutions, almost all require annual renewal
Controlled acts
procedures that must be preformed by a qualified practitioner, identified in regulated health professions act,
delegated act
regulated health professional transfers legal authority for an unqualified person to preform the task, guidelines vary, delegator carries responsibility
non regulated health care workers
no legislation or regulatory body, employer policies defines requirements, may have professional organization, no specific standards
Physicians
undergrad, MCAT, med school, residency, specialist
rn
registered nurse, 4 yrs
lpn
licensed practical nurse, 2 yrs
advanced practice nurses
nurse practitioner (NP, masters, can prescribe), clinical nurse specialist (no title, doctoral or another degree)
constitutional law
charter of rights and freedoms
statutory law
passed in parliment or provincial legislature
regulatory law
subordinate legislation, not passed in parliment but through a delegated group or department (the acts)
common law
canda minus quebec relies mainly on previous cases and past judgements, interpretation of written laws
civil law
quebec, relies mainly on written law and how judges read/ judged based on them
public law
matters between individuals and society, (criminal, constitutional, human rights, administrative)
Private law
matters between individuals and/or legal entities (tort, family, contract)
tort
harm to property or person that caused damage. (unintentional– negligence, human error, misjudgement or intentional)
negligence
when HCP unintentionally fail to meet standards of care required by the profession, when duty of care owed to a patient is not met
duty of care
standard of care that must be provided to a patient through standards and facility policies
criminal law
criminal code of canada, enforced federally, crimes against property or people and those deemed intolerable by society
government jurisdiction
authority over a certain designated geographic or legislative area, right to draft, enact and pass laws within their area
federal govt
criminal law, certain components of CHA, can establish penalties or prohibitions, authority to over rule provincial law in emergency
CCOHS
Canadian Centred for Occupational Health and Safety (one every province and one federal)
OHS
right to be aware of potential safety risk and health hazards
right to participate in activities that are aimed at preventing occupational accidents and diseases
the right to refuse unsafe work without fear of unemployment
Workers Compensation Board
provide support for injured or ill employees
WHMIS
workers hazardous Material Information System, enfored provincially and federally overseen by CCOHS, applied to every canadian employee
controlled drug substance act
categories of drugs (schedules), ranked of potential harm and properties
dispensing drugs
require double lock, documentation, electronically dispensed
prescribing drugs
need medical doctor signature at pharmacy, only legal for therapeutic reasons
opioid crisis
joint action by all levels of govt to improve treatment and prevention and harm reduction strategies
Cannabis
legal 2018, shared fed and prov, act covers distribution, sale and possession. medical policies unchanged
provincial cannabis
regulation, license and regulate distribution, limit for personal possession and regulations for home growth
federal cannabis
determines what types and size to be sold, potency, approves packaging and advertising
health care as a right- cha
if provincial/territories abide by CHA, is a right (Fed govt cant forced but can persuade w $$)
health care as a right– constitution
nothing specifically said about health care, however some articles can be interpreted to fit the health care lens
medically necessary
all citizens are ensure for medically necessary services
federal govt in emergency situations
health canada has power to enact laws during emergencies
quarantine act
international health regulations, better prepare authorities to deal with threats and risks to health, fed govt can divert aircraft, set up quarantine facilities anywhere in canada, and restrict or prohibit travellers
International Health regulations (IHR)
strategies to prevent global outbreaks of infectious disease, provides ways to identify gloabl public health emergency and outline measures for quick global warning
advanced car directives
instructions outlining when someone can no longer speak for themselves, prepared by individual atleast 16 years old and mentally competent
Proxy (who) or instructional (what)
2 types of MAID
administering or prescribing
MAID eligibility
18 years old or older, mentally competent, valid health card, serious disease/illness/condition that is irreversible, extreme pain, death is foreseeable
MAID consent
informed, competent, fully understand options, details of procedures, may be withdrawn at any point, specified time frame (must be given twice at request and procedure)
MAID steps
determining eligibility (eligible and consent) ensuring safeguards (HCP agrees that the client meets criteria) providing and aiding MAID (prescribing or administering) filing documents and reporting information (responsible for filing all necessary and relevant documentation)
consent
permission for something to happen or agreement to do something
informed consent
informed (accept treatment, desired outcomes, foreseeable risks, aware of available options) and voluntary (not pressured, right to refuse at any time)
types of consent
written, oral, implied, emergency
written consent
all major procedures have written consent, dated, signed and witnessed
oral consent
equally as binding as written, some facilities require 2 hcp to verify
Implied consent
when client seeks patient from doctors office or emergency room by allowing them to be admitted it is implied consent
In an emergency
should obtain if possible but if person is incapacitated and HCP feels that delaying action will result in further harm, then they may proceed
age of consent for minors
14 in quebec, however for the rest of canada it depends on the client and their capacity to make decisions
steps to obtaining consent
assessing capacity
provide emergency treatment or crisis admission
inform client substitute maker will make decisions
identify substitute decision maker
obtain consent from substitute decision maker
consent for organ donation
provincial or territorial legislation, 16 years or older, donor card or drivers license, (nova scotia is automatic)
health record
contains information about individual health and services provided (only HCP in circle of care can access)
documentation purposes
legislation requires documentation
can be potential evidence
communication w team members
includes services provided, outcomes and knowledge gaps
documentation type
narrative, focus, charting by exception
health information
data related to a patients medical experience individuals health info belongs to them (physicians have 30 days to provide), written consent to share, individuals cant take it anywhere, supervision is necessary, can make changes upon agreement of HCP, changes are initialed and dated
Canada Privacy Act 1983
limits private info being collected by fed govt, restricts sharing between departments, allows individuals to access any info the gov has abt them
PIPEDA
personal information protection and electronic documentation act– deals with info collected by private sector, how info is used, disclosed, and must have CONSENT
confidentiality
HCP moral and legal obligation to keep clients information private
privacy
patients right for their health info to remain confidential
nursing informatics
refers to the practice and science of integrating nursing information and knowledge with technology to manage and integrate health information
health informatics
use of information technology in combination with information management concepts and methods to support the delivery of health care
consumer informatics
focus on information structure that empower consumers ti manage their own health
digital health
refers ti the use of information technology communication tools, services and processes to deliver health care services to facilitate better health
advantages of computerization
security, improved communication, real time access to information, legibility, standardization of information collected, data sets
disadvantages of computerization
security, hackers, employees create risk for breach, labour intensive process to implement
nurses role in digital health
documentation
communication
utilize digital health information to inform decisions
custodian of information
collaborate with IT professionals regarding nursing specific needs and implementation of digital health solutions
utilize data for research to create nursing knowledge
Electronic medical record
owned by one facility, only available at one location, contains only information that was provided at that location
electronic health record
bigger picture, central database, may contain info from multiple sources, may be accessed by HCP providing care, deemed more secure than paper (more ppl involved more opportunity for breach)
canada health infoway
non profit organization that provides digital health solutions for canada, goal is to improve IT and connectivity across health care system
unions, health care and legal implications
organization that represents and advocates for its members usually regarding employee-employer issues, has rules, regulations, policies, and protocols. not legally obligated to represent workers unless labour related
whistleblowing
A whistleblower is a current or past employee or member of an organization who reports another’s misconduct
to people or entities with the power and presumed willingness to take corrective action. often suffer backlash, some protection from criminal code but mainly rely on protection from common law, each province has its own legislation on whistleblowing
information and communication technology skills
foundational skills expected of students entering university–> device use and application, smartphones, inter/intranet, expectation that you are familiar with certain appliations (excel, email, powerpoint, word)
nursing informatics entry level competencies
uses relevant information and knowledge to support the delivery of evidence informed patient care, uses ICT in accordance with professional and regulatory standards and work place policies, uses information and communication technology in the delivery of care
information literacy
is the set of integrate abilities encompassing the reflective discovery of information, the understanding of how information is produced and valued and the use of information in creating new knowledge
digital literacy
the interest attitude and ability of individuals to appropriately use digital technology and communication tools to access, manage, integrate, analyze and evaluate information, construct new knowledge and communicate other
health literacy
cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health
evaluation of health info on the internet
ensure you are getting an unbiased and reliable information
information and health literacy
successful use of communication related technology tools in health care depends on a synthesis of basis literacy, computer literacy, info literacy, digital literacy and health literacy
PHIPAA
Personal Health Information Privacy and Access Act— provides a set of rules that protects the confidentiality of personal health information and the privacy of the person whose information it relates. Ensures info is available to provide health services to those in need and to monitor evaluate and improve the health system in NB
ICTs in health care
electronic medical record, point of care technologies, clinical decision support tools, telemedicine applications
CPOE
computerized provider order entry– input of orders and electronic instruction
eMAR
electronic medication administration record– tracks medical administration and treatment
clinical lab systems
used to house and display lab info
health and lifestyles app
mobile applications that capture activity and lifestyle behaviours, track person health and wellness and come up with individual plans
