Midterm #1 Flashcards
When a complaint is lodged against a member of a professional organization, the ethics committee:
launches an investigation and deliberates on the case, eventually reaching a disposition.
always dismisses specific charges within the complaint.
imposes sanctions nine times out of ten.
transfers the case to law enforcement.
Launches an investigation and deliberates on the case, eventually reaching a disposition.
When practitioners devote a portion of their professional time and skills to services for which there is no expectation of significant financial return, they are:
using a sliding scale.
being financially irresponsible.
providing pro bono services.
suffering from a martyr complex.
providing pro bono services
Robert runs into the office, unprepared and frustrated because he is late for his weekly appointment with his first client of the day. He is consistently late for his appointments. His behavior is:
immoral.
illegal.
unethical.
unprofessional.
unprofessional
The highest standards of thinking and a professional’s willingness to reflect on the effects their interventions may have on the welfare of their clients describes what kind of ethics?
Mandatory ethics
Principle ethics
Aspirational ethics
Positive ethics
Aspirational Ethics
Virtuous professionals:
are motivated to do what is right, but tend to ignore it.
function within their professional code of ethics because they fear the consequences if they do not.
possess vision and discernment, which involves sensitivity, judgment, and understanding and leads to decisive ethical actions.
typically focus on moral issues with the goals of solving a particular dilemma.
possess vision and discernment, which involves sensitivity, judgment, and understanding and leads to decisive ethical actions.
The major duties of regulating boards include which of the following?
Completing investigations into the ethical practice of new members for a short period to determine the possibility of unethical practice in the future
Screening applications to determine appropriate candidates for the professional organization who will practice ethically and increase the positive image of the professional organization
Determining standards for admission into the profession, screening applicants applying for certification or licensure, conducting disciplinary proceedings involving violations of standards of professional conduct as defined by law, and regulating the practice of psychotherapy for the public good
Conducting evaluations of members’ financial stability
Determining standards for admission into the profession, screening applicants applying for certification or licensure, conducting disciplinary proceedings involving violations of standards of professional conduct as defined by law, and regulating the practice of psychotherapy for the public good
Obtaining consultation is important because:
it creates a safety net when our actions are unethical.
it is better to have someone else know who your client is in case something happens.
our prejudices, biases, personal needs, or emotional investment creates an inability to view a situation objectively.
the ethical codes state it is important.
our prejudices, biases, personal needs, or emotional investment creates an inability to view a situation objectively.
When practitioners weigh multiple and often competing demands and goals, they must use:
their attorneys to help them work through ethical issues.
their former advisors as sounding boards.
their professional judgment.
common sense.
their professional judgement
The first essential step towards ethical decision making is:
identifying the problem or dilemma.
knowing the applicable laws.
choosing a solution.
reviewing the process.
identifying the problem or dilemma
Elizabeth, a beginning practitioner, counsels in a manner in which she merely acts in compliance with the law and follows minimal ethical standards. She is at the first level of ethical functioning, which is:
personal ethics.
aspiration ethics.
mandatory ethics.
basic ethics.
Mandatory Ethics
Ruth is counseling a woman who describes an extremely unhappy marriage. Ruth suggests she consider leaving her husband; however, the client has a deep spiritual conviction that marriage is for life and is not willing to consider divorce as an option. Ruth attempts to change her client’s viewpoint. In this case, Ruth is:
a. teaching her client to look at the negative consequences of her decision
b. exploring the client’s spiritual reasons for staying in the marriage.
c. imposing her values on the client instead of exploring the client’s reasons for staying in the marriage.
d. helping her client to explore healthy options.
c. imposing her values on the client instead of exploring the client’s reasons for staying in the marriage.
The reason why many counselor education programs encourage or require personal therapy for counselors in training is to engage in:
a. value imposition
b. personal values
c. value exploration
d. value conflicts
c. value exploration
Client defined sense of spirituality
a. is not very important in therapy
b. can be a significant avenue for connecting with the client and can be an ally in the therapeutic change process
c. can create difficulty in the client’s therapeutic process
d. is more important if the therapist shares a similar definition
b.can be a significant avenue for connecting with the client and can be an ally in the therapeutic change process
From a legal perspective, mental health professionals are expected to exercise “reasonable care” in working with clients who are considering abortion. If they fail to do so, clients can take legal action against them for:
a. Negligence
b. breach of confidentiality
c. being unreasonable
d. insufficient knowledge
a. Negligence
Which of the following is NOT true about referrals?
a. Referrals have become common practice among mental health service providers at the expense of exploring other possibilities.
b. The overuse of client referral among mental health providers often involves discriminatory practices that are rationalized as ways to avoid harming the client and practicing beyond one’s level of competence.
c. Referring clients has been discussed frequently in professional journals
d. The psychological community needs to critically examine why mental health practitioners may refer clients over value conflicts and why these practitioners assume that such practices are appropriate, reasonable, and acceptable.
c. Referring clients has been discussed frequently in professional journals
The Death with Dignity Act is a law in which state?
a. New York
b. Texas
c. Oregon
d. Cali
c. Oregon
The ability for counselors to manage their personal values so they do not contaminate the counseling process is referred to as:
a. Value conflicts
b. Value exploration
c. Discrimination
d. Bracketing
d. Bracketing
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
a. Spirituality and religion tend to fluctuate in importance to Americans
b. Freud believed that religious faith was important in the lives of his patients, which stemmed from his own strong religious beliefs
c. Counselors must understand their own spiritual/religious beliefs (or lack thereof) if they hope to gain an in-depth appreciation of the beliefs of their clients
d. When clients are searching for meaning in life, it is appropriate for therapists to strongly suggest they seek religion as an answer
c. Counselors must understand their own spiritual/religious beliefs (or lack thereof) if they hope to gain an in-depth appreciation of the beliefs of their clients
It is NOT ethical to refer clients:
a. when the client’s issue is out of the counselor’s scope of work
b. when the client requests a referral
c. when the client no longer advances in treatment over a long period of time
d. based solely on a difference of values between the counselor and the client
d. based solely on a difference of values between the counselor and the client
Marty believes that premarital sex is morally wrong. He has an agenda to convince his single clients to avoid having sexual intercourse before they are married. This is referred to as
a. value imposition
b. good sense
c. value exploration
d. duty to protect
a. value imposition
The value system of the counselor
a. may be better than the client’s
b. is important to follow in therapy
c. can determine the direction of counseling if it is not monitored
d. never creates stress or unethical situations in the therapeutic relationship
c. can determine the direction of counseling if it is not monitored
Which of the following is ethical when referring a client?
a. When a client discloses he or she consents in recreational sex
b. When the client’s values regarding same-gender sex differs from your own
c. When a client discloses he or she is engaging in Internet infidelity
d. When the therapist engages in supervision to diminish the effects of the value conflict, attempting to help the client in every way, but the client requests a referral because of his or her value differences
d. When the therapist engages in supervision to diminish the effects of the value conflict, attempting to help the client in every way, but the client requests a referral because of his or her value differences
In dealing with clients who hold different values, you are advised to:
a. work collaboratively to identify and clarify their value system and determine the degree to which they are living in accordance with their core beliefs and values
b. persuade them to adopt your values.
c. persuade them to adopt the values of the counseling profession, which are based on the Judeo-Christian tradition
d. forget about your own values temporarily
a. work collaboratively to identify and clarify their value system and determine the degree to which they are living in accordance with their core beliefs and values
Which of the following statements on spirituality and religion is true today
They are both ethically appropriate topics to discuss, can play a major part in the client’s life, and can be a significant source of strength.
The role of spirituality in counseling is not considered an appropriate topic for discussion
Spiritual and religious matters are not therapeutically relevant
The therapist does not need to be sincerely interested in the client’s spiritual beliefs to utilize them in the therapeutic process.
They are both ethically appropriate topics to discuss, can play a major part in the client’s life, and can be a significant source of strength.
According to researchers, counselors personal religious values:
a. don’t affect the therapeutic relationship
b. only affect the therapeutic relationship when discussing spiritual issues
c. should be ignored at all times
d. may affect their therapeutic work, directly or indirectly, with clients presenting with end-of-life issues.
d.may affect their therapeutic work, directly or indirectly, with clients presenting with end-of-life issues.
The U.S. District Court, in Julea Ward vs. Eastern Michigan University, ruled that
a. the university was justified in dismissing the student for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status.
b. the university was justified to enforce standards expected of students in a counseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds.
c. the university was not justified in dismissing the student for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status
d. the university was not justified to enforce standards expected of students in a counseling program, even when a student objects on religious grounds
a. the university was justified in dismissing the student for violating provisions of the code of ethics that prohibit discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status.
Value discrimination could be defined as:
a. when a counselor is too eager to suggest a referral when the client shares differing values on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status
b. considering a referral only when you clearly lack the necessary skills to deal with the issues presented by the client.
c. a counselor directly attempting to influence a client to adopt their values, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior.
D. the ability of counselors to manage their personal values so they do not contaminate the counseling process.
a. when a counselor is too eager to suggest a referral when the client shares differing values on race, religion, national origin, age, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, disability, marital status/partnership, language preference, or socioeconomic status
Disagreeing with a client or not liking what a client is proposing can create a
a. value imposition
b. value exploration
c. value conflict
d. personal value.
c. Value conflict
Referring a client for differing religious beliefs, sexual orientation, or cultural background is called
a. appropriate referral
b. value imposition
c. discriminatory referral
d. value conflict
c. discriminatory referral
The authors of this text view referrals:
a. as the best option when they face a clash of values with their clients
b. as a moral imperative
c. as the last resort
c. as the last resort
Neither the clients’ and therapists’ ____________, nor the interactions between the two, were significantly associated with the clients’ perceptions of their therapists’ level of multicultural competency.
Ethnicity
Multiculturalism
cultural empathy
unintentional racism
Ethnicity
The word \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, interpreted broadly, is associated with a racial or ethnic group as well as with gender, religion, economic status, nationality, physical capacity or disability, and affectional or sexual orientation. Ethnicity Diversity Stereotype Culture
Culture
______________ refers to a practitioner’s level of awareness, knowledge, and interpersonal skill needed to function effectively in a pluralistic society and to intervene on behalf of clients from diverse backgrounds.
Cultural encapsulation
Multicultural skill-level
Cultural diversity competence
Interpersonal cognizance
Cultural diversity competence
______________ moves beyond cultural awareness and focuses on active support and advocacy, including promoting equality and justice for underserved and oppressed groups of people
Social justice
Cultural pluralism
Colour blindness
Cultural tunnel vision
Social justice
___________ is a three-stage developmental sequence, from multicultural awareness to knowledge and comprehension to skills and applications.
Culture-centered counseling
Oppressed Counseling
Cultural Immersion
Social justice work in counseling
Culture-centered counseling
The _____________’s ethics code indicates that part of competence implies understanding diversity
NASW
Canadian Counseling Association
APA
Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors
APA
According to the authors, the first step in the process of acquiring multicultural counseling skills in a training program should be that students:
become involved in a self-exploratory journey to help identify their cultural and ethnic blind spots.
start a social advocacy campaign and become politically involved on campus
free themselves from all racist thoughts, actions and feelings
have their value system conform to an “acceptable norm.”
become involved in a self-exploratory journey to help identify their cultural and ethnic blind spots.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
It is important to understand that homosexuality and bisexuality are not indicative of mental illness.
To date, the APA has not developed a separate set of guidelines for psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients
The ethics codes of the ACA, the APA, and the NASW clearly state that discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is unethical and unacceptable
Therapists have an ethical obligation to confront their personal prejudices, myths, fears, and stereotypes regarding sexual orientation.
To date, the APA has not developed a separate set of guidelines for psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients
People with chronic medical, physical, and mental disabilities represent
a. the second largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States
b. the largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States
c. the smallest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States.
d. a diminishing minority and disadvantaged group in the United States
b. the largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States
The concepts of unintentional racism and microaggressions are related and usually involve
a. training in multicultural and social justice perspectives for both the therapist and client
b. exploring in-depth the meaning behind the cultural differences.
c. C. flexibility and understanding on the therapist’s part.
d. demeaning implications perpetrated against clients on the basis of their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ability status.
d. demeaning implications perpetrated against clients on the basis of their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ability status.
___________ refers to individual differences on a number of variables that place clients at risk for discrimination based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, or socioeconomic status.
a. Diversity
b. Multipluralism
c. Discriminatory variables
d. Oppression
a. Diversity
A set of knowledge and skills that are essential to the culturally skilled practitioner are called
a. coursework.
b. culturally appropriate strategies
c. multicultural competencies
d. multicultural relationship
c. multicultural competencies
____________ influences every facet of our existence, so it is essential that culturally responsive practice be central in all that we do.
a. Oppression
b. Stereotypes
c. Racism
d. Culture
d. Culture
___________ includes factors such as culture, religion, race, ability, age, gender, sexual orientation, education, and socioeconomic level.
a. Cultural empathy
b. Diversity
c. Stereotypes
d. Racism
b. Diversity
Counsellors practice unintentional racism when they:
a. show sensitivity to cultural variations among individuals
b. challenge stereotypes associated with culturally diverse clients
c. claim to be free of any traces of racism
d. accept unreasoned assumptions about other cultures without proof and without regard to rationality
c. claim to be free of any traces of racism
Children with childhood disabilities such as autism and ADHD; children with the cumulative lifestyle factors that lead to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and cancers; and people with chronic medical, physical, and mental disabilities are part of the:
A. mental health workers community
B. disability community
C. gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender community
D. social justice community
B. disability community
Cultural Differences are:
a. objective, simple, and apathetic
b. objective, complex, and dynamic
c. subjective, simple, and apathetic
d. subjective, complex, and dynamic
d. subjective, complex, and dynamic
Statements such as “Minority groups need to take responsibility for their own predicament” and “In order to succeed, people need to stop complaining and start working” do not take into account environmental factors. These are examples of:
a. stereotypical beliefs
b. guiding principles for action
c. cultural tolerance
d. challenging culture-bound values
a. stereotypical beliefs
Brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities (whether intentional or unintentional) that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of other races is the definition of:
a. racial microaggressions
b. cultural diversity
c. cultural pluralism
d. social justice work
a. racial microaggressions
Client dependence is less of an issue:
with the growth of managed care brief treatment and restricted number of sessions.
if the therapist is experiencing problems and is unaware of these problems.
when the therapist is in control of the session.
when the therapist is not practicing self-care.
with the growth of managed care brief treatment and restricted number of sessions.
