Midterm 1

Question 1

What is psychology?

Answer 1

Psychology is the science of behavior of mental processes.

Question 2

who gets a PhD degree?

Answer 2

Psychologists earn a P.H.D degree. A doctor of philosophy which takes 5 - 6 years.

Question 3

who gets a MD degree?

Answer 3

A psychiatrist earns an MD. Prescribes medication and performs counseling.

Question 4

who gets a masters degree?

Answer 4

A social worker gets a masters degree. Counsels an connects people with community services.

Question 5

why do we need psychology?

Answer 5

Better to base your knowledge and decisions on studies of many people, not on the opinions or experiences of a few.

Question 6

Hindsight Bias

Answer 6

Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one could have foreseen it.

The “I knew it all along phenomenon”

Question 7

Are psychologists scientists?

Answer 7

Yes, and they use the scientific method.

Question 8

Scientific method

Answer 8

A self correcting process for asking questions and observing natures answer.

Question 9

Empiricism

Answer 9

Gain knowledge through senses

Observe, Evidence

Question 10

Introspection

Answer 10

Knowledge is within us

Question 11

Hypothesis

Answer 11

A prediction that can be measured

Question 12

population

Answer 12

The group you’re interested in studying

Question 13

Sample

Answer 13

Small subset of the population

Question 14

Representative sample

Answer 14

A representative sample closely matches the population in its percentages of male and female, ethnic groups etc……

Question 15

If a sample is to small?

Answer 15

The sample is not representative. (results of research would not be trustworthy)

Question 16

correlation study

Answer 16

correlation: measure of the relationship or association between two variables.

Question 17

As variable 1 increases what happens to variable 2?

Answer 17

If variables move in the same direction it is a positive correlation.

If variables move in opposite directions it is a negative correlation.

variables can also have no correlation

Question 18

correlation study

Answer 18

in correlation study, psychologists measure the correlations between two variables trying to control either variable.

Question 19

correlation and causation

Answer 19

correlation does not mean causation.

Just because two variables are correlated does not mean that one of them caused the other.

Question 20

Experiments

Answer 20

The only way to determine if one thing causes another is to do an experiment, where the experiment is strictly controlled.

In an experiment, the experimenter manipulates/controls one variable and measures the effect on another variable.

Question 21

Experiments contain 2 groups

Answer 21

Experimental - receives the treatment

Control - receives no treatment

Question 22

Independent variable

Answer 22

the variable that the experimenter changes or controls.

Question 23

Dependent variable

Answer 23

the behavior that shows the effects of the independent variable.

Question 24

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 24

Wundt established the first psychology laboratory at the university of Leipzig, Germany.

Question 25

William James

Answer 25

James was a legendary teacher-writer who authored an important 1890 psychology text. Mentored Calkins.

Question 26

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 26

Calkins became a pioneering memory researcher and the first woman to be president of the American psychological Association.

Question 27

Case Study

Answer 27

An observation in which a person is observed in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.

Question 28

Subfield of psychology

Answer 28

Neuroscience, Evolutionary, Behavior genetics, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, Social - Cultural