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Kin 164 Sociocultural Perspectives > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

sociology

A

study of social worlds

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2
Q

key concepts of sociology

A

culture
social interaction
social structure

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3
Q

how is sport part of society?

A

we give meaning to it
political, economical parts that also exists in society
social issues associated and transported via sport

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4
Q

ideologies

A

people in particular culture give meaning to hwat occurs in their social world
framework that people make sense of evaluate themselves, others and events in their culture

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5
Q

dominant ideology

A

serves the interest of people in power

represents their perspectives

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6
Q

gender ideology

A

determine what is natural and moral related to a gender

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7
Q

racial ideology

A

vary around the world

powerful if used to clarify humans into categories

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8
Q

dominant racial ideology

A

ideas about meaning of skin color

characgteristicas of people clarified in racial groups

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9
Q

social class ideology

A

idea of “American Dream” - unrestricted economic opportunities

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10
Q

ableist ideology

A

attitudes, actions & believes that physically or interlectually disable people are incable of participatipon and are inferior to “normal people”

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11
Q

what is a characteristic of ideologies

A

people are unaware of their own ideology, but spot ideologies of others

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12
Q

what affects how people think about the sex, ideals of beuaty, fashion, hygiene, nutrition, fitness…

A

how sociologists define the body in social and cultural terms

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13
Q

4 thinks that people who study sport in society want to understand

A

cultural & social contexts in which sport exists
connection between those contexts and sport
social world the people create participating in sport
experiences of individuals and groups whithin those social groups

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14
Q

tools to study sports in society

A

social research

social theories

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15
Q

personal theories

A

summarizes of our ideas & explanations of social life

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16
Q

main ideas of theories

A

based on questions why the world is the way it is
in volve combination of description, reflection, analysis
help us make choice

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17
Q

Messner´s 3 theories to guide his research

A 
cultural research (way people express their values)
interactionist theories (origins, dynamics & consequences of social interactions)
structural theories (forms of social organizations)
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18
Q

socialization

A

active process of learning and socially developing

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19
Q

what do structural theories focus on

A

influence significant others have on the socialization process

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20
Q

what is sport participation related to

A

person´s ability, characteristics & recources
influence of significant others
availability of opportunities

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21
Q

interactionist model

A

children who define sport as important come from families where sport was integrated & parents did not critique their children

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22
Q

accoring to Coakley & White what does sport participation depent on?

A 
connection with other interests
memories of past experiences
sport related images & meanings in social world
social support & access to recources
desire to develop competence
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23
Q

according to donelly & Young what does becomeing an athlete involve

A

knowledge of sport
interaction with people in sport
learning what is expected of athletes
being recognized by other athletes

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24
Q

why do people end sport participation

A

taking other roles in sport (coaches)

often connected to other change´s in life

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25
Q

hwo does sport build characters

A

offers diverse experiences (pos. & neg.)
selection favors some characters
meanings and lessons learned vary

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26
Q

what does sport participation need to provide for pos. effects

A

opportunities to explore non-sport identities
knowledge building beyong locker room and field
new relationships
lessons learned in sport deliver non sport values

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27
Q

prolympic sports

A

focus on power & performance

28
Q

people´s sport

A

focus on plessure and participation

29
Q

hegemony

A

process of maintaining & control by gaining the consent (Zustimmung) of other groups, including those who are being controlled

30
Q

what is Hegemony produced by

A

mysification & obscuring (verdunkeln)
ahistoricity
appeals to common sense
naturalization
provision of pleasure
normalization discource (jokes against minorities become normal)

31
Q

what was the focus of first youth sport programs

A

turning boys into men

“masculinizing”

32
Q

what did youth sport programs focus after WW II on

A

success in future careers

33
Q

neoliberal societies

A

society in which individualism & material success are values
publicity funded programs and services disappear - replaced by private programs and services

34
Q

how did family changes influence organized youth sport

A

parents have better control of children
growing belief that world is a dangerous place for children
culture of childhood play has almost dissapear

35
Q

major trends in youth sports today

A

organized programs became privatized - expensive
emphasize the perfomance ethic - not on fun
increase in private elite training facilities
increased parental involvment
increased participation in “alternative”, action sport

36
Q

types of sponsors of youth sport

A

public
public interest
private interest
private interest commercial club

37
Q

public youth sport organizations

A

tax-supported community recreation programs

38
Q

public interest youth sport organizations

A

nonprofit community organization

39
Q

private interest youth sport organization

A

nonprofit sport organization

40
Q

private interest commercial clubs

A

people make money out of youth sport

41
Q

privatization of youth sport programs

A

public programs are cut

in middle and upper income areas

42
Q

performance ethic

A

ideas that quality of sport experience can be measured in improved skills
fun = becoming better
common in privatized programs

43
Q

elite sport training programs

A

expensive
children “work” - progrmas don´t follow labor laws
emphasize gaining awards through sports
ethical issues about adult-child relationship

44
Q

why is the interest in alternative sports increasing

A

children have desire to be expressive & spontanous

free of adult control

45
Q

problems with alternative sports

A

high injury risk

exclusions related to gender and social class

46
Q

adult controlled sports

A

learning formal rules
systematic guidance by coaches and parents
winning is important

47
Q

player controlled sports

A

action and personal involvement
decision making skills
cooperation & improvisation are required
friendships are important

48
Q

when are kids ready for organized sports

A

before 12 not enough understanding

learning dynamics of cooperation is prerequisite

49
Q

what do teamsports require

A

understanding of third-party perspective

50
Q

recommendations to change informal alternative sports

A 
create safer play spaces - accessible for every gender and social class
provide indirect guidance without control
51
Q

recommendations for changin organized sports

A

increase personal involvement
encourage forms of personal expression
facilitate friendship formation

52
Q

recommendation for changing high performance program

A

make policies and rules to establish rights and interest of children
create less controlling environment

53
Q

obstacles to changes in youth sport systems

A

many adults give priority in controlling & performance ethic
uneducated coaches

54
Q

when are coaching education programs useful

A

when coaches learn to deal with children safely and responsible
when they learn to organize practices and teach skills

55
Q

when are coaching education prgrams a problem

A

coaches learn to be “sports efficiency experts”

56
Q

when does deviance occur

A

when a person´s actions and believes fall according to others out of the normal range of acceptance in a society

57
Q

formal deviance

A

violation of official rules

punished by people in authority with official sanctions

58
Q

informal deviance

A

violation of unwritten shared understandings

punished by observers with unofficial sanctions

59
Q

what does understnading of deviance require

A

understanding of norms

60
Q

formal norms

A

official expectation

written rules or laws

61
Q

informal rules

A

unwritten shared understandings of expected behavior in social world

62
Q

problems with studying deviance in sport

A

types and causes of deviance are diverse
actions deviant in sport may be accepted in social life and the opposite
deviance in sports often ivolves uncritical acceptance of norms, rather than rejection of norms
sports is now based on new tech. - no new norms to guide new forms of sport

63
Q

two apporaches to study deviance

A

absolute approach

constructionist apporach

64
Q

absolute approach

A

social norms are based on principle that form a foundation that identifies good & evil (right and wrong)

65
Q

constructionist approach

A

deviance occurs when action and believes fall outside socially determiend boundaries (acceptable, unacceptable)

66
Q

why do athletes engage in deviant overconformity (übereinstimmung)

A

sport is exciting -> athlets will do anything to stay involved
selection for high-performance sport often requires overconformity to norms of sport ethic

67
Q

which athletes mostly overconform to the sport ethic

A

who has a low self-esteem
who sees achievement in sport the only way for success
who connect maskuline identity and athletes -> same

Kin 164 Sociocultural Perspectives (3 decks)

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