Midterm 1 Flashcards
Anthroplogical approaches to the study of infectious disease
Case study approach
Holistic
Comparative
Evolutionary
Why do you use a case study approach, what is a major factor of it?
A case study is used when the research topic must be broadly covered.
It is based around ethnographic studies - anthropologists becoming part of a community in order to get a broad perspective of what it means to be a member of that community
What does a holistic approach focus on? What is a major source of information for a holistic study?
Focuses on biological, social/cultural, and environmental/ecological factors
Major source of information is archives, since ethnographic studies are not always possible
What does a comparative approach focus on?
What is a major source of information?
Synchronic (cross cultural) and diachronic (over time) studies of disease
Uses case study perspectives
What does an evolutionary approach look at?
The relationship between humans and microbes
The changing biology, social/cultural aspects of human populations
What is macroevolution?
Major evolutionary change at or above the level of species (speciation).
4 main factors of hunter gatherer lifestyle:
- foraging lifestyle
- had to be highly mobile
- populations typically smaller
- reliant on resources as they were found in nature
When was the beginning of domestication and sedentism?
At least 12.5 kya, beginning of the Neolithic revolution
True or false: at the beginning of the Neolithic revolution, all populations moved to domestication and sedentism from hunter-gathered lifestyles
False - some stayed as hunter-gatherer populations as it better suited their needs
The beginning of settlements and cultivation began with _______?
Early agriculturalists
Early agriculturalists had knowledge of:
Introduction to irrigation
Soil types
Plant requirements
Explain the early partnership between humans and wolves.
Humans produced waste
Wolves helped with hunting
Wolves guarded human populations
Positive and negative of agriculture
Agriculture produced a surplus of food
Increases insecurity and decline in quality of diet
Explain the insecurity and decline in diet that resulted from agriculture
Skeletal evidence for decline in diet quality
Insecurity because agriculturalists became specialized in certain plants - if the crop failed, they had lost the broader knowledge of alternate food sources that a forager might have had
Domestication and sedentism resulted in an increase or decrease of:
Fertility
Population size
Increase in fertility AND population size
