Midterm 1 Flashcards
“Sheep Sheep Don’t You Know the Road”
Bessie Jones (Georgia Sea Islands)
Call and Response/ Strophic/ Improve
Monophony/Homophony
“The Boatman’s Dance”
Dan Emmett
Minstrel Show song with Irish Influence
Monophony/Homophony
“Nobody”
Bert Williams 1913
Appeals to underdogs of all colors. A little bit of defiance.
Vaudeville
“Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair”
Stephan Foster (1854)
AA’BA
Sentimental Irish style
“After the Ball”
Charles Harris
Verse and Chorus (Verse AABA) Ballad
Sold millions of copies.
Triple Meter for Waltz
Tin Pan Alley
“Maple Leaf Rag”
Scott Joplin (1898)
Ragtime
Sectional Form
AABBACCDD
Syncopation
“Castle House Rag”
James Reese Europe
Clef Club
Rag Time
“Tiger Rag”
Original Dixieland Band (1918)
1st Commercial Recording of Jazz
Polyphonic
“Dippermouth Blues”
King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band (1923)
Featuring Louis Armstrong
12 bar blues
“Side by Side”
Paul Whiteman “The King of Jazz”
More Unified Texture
Mainstreaming of Jazz
“Mama’s Got the Blues”
Bessie Smith 12-bar blues harmonic form Ballad/Strophic AAB Text form Sexual Promiscuity
“West End Blues”
Earl Hines on Piano (1928) Louis Armstrong ( and His Hot Five) on Trumpet
“St. Louis Blues”
Bessie Smith (1929)
Composed by W.C Handy “Father of the Blues”
Louis Armstrong on Cornet
12 Bar blues w/ aab text
“Dark Was the Night”
Blind Willie Johnson
Bluesy Melody
Slide guitar- relationship between voice and guitar
“Cross Road Blues”
Robert Johnson (1936)
12 bar blues
aab text form
Relationship with guitar
“Soldier’s Joy”
Gid Tanner and his Skillet Lickers (1929)
Hoedown Hillbilly music
Strophic
Can the Circle be Unbroken
The Carter Family
Verse and Chorus
Monophony/Homophony
“Waiting For a Train”
Jimmie Rodgers (1928)
Yodeling
New Orleans Jazz Interlude
Hawaiian Steel Guitar
“Wrappin’ it Up”
Fletcher Henderson (1934)
Answering Riffs
Big Jazz Band
“New East St. Louis Toodle-oo”
Duke Ellington (1937)
Plunger Mute on Trumpet
AABA form twice through
Pleasure Gardens
European Entertainment that made way to US
Led to Variety shows and Concerts
Ethiopian delineator
From T.D. Rice’s Jim Crow
Virginia Minstrels 1843
Minstrel Show
First US popular Culture
Fascination with Black Music
Black Face
Popular entertainment in north. Black entertainers became popular after the civil war.
Peak popularity 1840s-70s
ONE Semi circle with end-men and interlocutor
TWO variety format and stump speech
THREE Final Skit and origin of cakewalk
Old Folks at Home
Minstrel Show
AABA
Plantation references
Appeals to white people too
Subsidized Symphonies
Insecurity vs European Culture
Chicago Symphony 1889
For Upper Class
W.C. Handy
“Father of the Blues”
Musician and Publisher
Bert Williams
Portrayed in Ethnic Notions as trying to be high class.
Note of defiance, but still plays on stereotypes for success.
Vaudeville.
Parlor Music
Piano become affordable and in the home.
Public music education became popular. Music literacy.
Stephan Foster
1826-1864
Born in Pittsburgh, Irish family.
Formal music training.
Started out in minstrel circuit, wanted more “refined” songs.
Tin Pan Alley
1880s Broadway and 28th
Focusing on exclusively popular music.
Supplied music for Broadway, Radio, Talking Pictures, and Records.
Formulaic writing.
Charles Harris
1867-1930
Jew from Milwaukee
First to sell sheet music in millions
Jews and Music
1880s Immigration from Russia. Opportunity in entertainment industry. Culture of adaptability. Piano and social status. First talking picture about Jewish Immigrants.
Ragtime
Ragging the tune.
Popular dance derived from cakewalk.
1893 Chicago Worlds Fair good exposure.
Scott Joplin
1868-1917
Born in Texas, moved to Missouri
Entertainer and Instructor
First Piano Rags
James Reese Europe
1880-1919
Founded Clef Club dance orchestra in 1910
Carnegie Hall concerts
Dance Band for Irene and Vernon Castle
Band for Af Am 359th Infantry Hellfighters
Vaudeville
Tony Pastor’s Opera House 1865 in NYC because Vaudeville 1881
Family oriented variety show.
Circuits of Theaters
Sound Recording
1877 Phonograph- Edison
1997 Gramophone- Berliner
1901 Talking Machine Co home gramophone
1920 Electronic Recording
Music Marketing
Sell Jukeboxes
Sell Gramophones
Records not originally seen as potentially profitable
Jazz
New Orleans
French Culture and African Culture (Caribbean, Mexican)
Jazz Singer
Black Face Al Jolson (Asa Yoelson) Mistrust of Popular/Commercial Culture Generational Differences/Perserving Tradition Immigrant Experience
Paul Whiteman
The King of Jazz
Bessie Smith
Empress of the Blues
Born in Tennessee
Flamboyant and achieved movie fame.
Racist Imagery persisted.
Country Blues
Scouting for field recording
Men, guitarists, solo performance, worship.
Robert Johnson
Mississippi but traveled alot
Inspiration for future blues guitarists
Slide guitar
Radio
1896 Guglielmo Marconi
1st station Pittsburgh KDKA
Gran Ole Opry in 1925 Tennessee
Border Blasters
Carter Family
Family and Traditional Values.
AP Doc, wife Sara and sis in law Maybelle
High lonesome sound
Bristol Virginia 1927
Jimmie Rodgers
Singing Brakeman
Country’s 1st big star born in Mississippi
Fixin to Die Blues
Bukka White
Strophic
AAB Text form
New York/ Big Band
Legacy of James Reese Europe
Composer has greater role
Fletcher Henderson
Dance orchestras played in Harlem for social dancing
Duke Ellington
Cotton Club 1927 WHITES ONLY
Floor shows and Jungle Music
Count Basie
New Jersey and played with Moten in Kansas
One O’ Clock Jump
Count Basie
12 bars blues with improv
Walking bass
Ride Cymbol