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Entomology > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Segments of tagma

A

Abdomen, thorax, head

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2
Q

Sclerotinization

A

Hardening of the cuticle to make it protective

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3
Q

Labrum

A

Upper lip

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4
Q

Mandibles

A

Jaws

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5
Q

Maxillae

A

Second jaws

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6
Q

Labium

A

Lower lip

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7
Q

Palms

A

Fingers on maxillae and labium

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8
Q

Hypo pharynx

A

Tongue covered in exoskeleton

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9
Q

Stylets

A

Labium like rain gutter

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10
Q

Compound eyes

A

Corneal lens
Ommatidia (camera lenses)
Optic nerve

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11
Q

Ocelli

A

Other little eyes for light and seasons

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12
Q

Stemmata

A

Shadow and light

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13
Q

Thorax segments

A

Pro, meso and meta

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14
Q

Legs

A 
Coxa 
Trochanter 
Femur
Tibia
Tarsus
Pretarsus
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15
Q

Cursorial

A

Running

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16
Q

Natatorial

A

Swimming

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17
Q

Saltorial

A

Jumping

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18
Q

Raptorial

A

Capturing prey

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19
Q

Fossorial

A

Digging

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20
Q

Main wings

A

Membranous

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21
Q

Halteres

A

Gyroscopic wing

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22
Q

Elytra

A

Hard wing. Beetles

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23
Q

Hemelytra

A

Half hard wing

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24
Q

Tegmina

A

Leathery wing

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25
Q

Wing pads

A

Developing wings

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26
Q

Wing scales

A

Scales on wings. Butterflies

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27
Q

Alimentary canal

A

Hind gut
Mid gut
Fore gut

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28
Q

Hind gut

A

Water balance and excretion

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29
Q

Mid gut

A

Digestion and absorption

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30
Q

Fore gut

A

Processing and ingestion

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31
Q

Gastric cacea

A

Site of food absorption

32
Q

Crop

A

Secondary food storage

33
Q

Proventriculus

A

Grinding jaws that move food into stomach

34
Q

Malphigian tubules

A

Regulation of salts and water

35
Q

Main excretory products are

A

Nitrogenous wastes

36
Q

Insect waste product

A

Uric acid: frass

Solid requires no water

37
Q

Parthenogenetic reproduction

A

Females only

38
Q

Male reproductive structures

A

Testis
Seminal duct
Accessory glands: produce spermatophor (sperm sack)
Aedeagus: penis

39
Q

Female reproductive structures

A 
Ovaries
Spermatheca: store sperm for future
Accessory glands: produce glue for eggs to stick to leaves etc. 
Oviducts
Vagina
40
Q

Ootheca

41
Q

The egg

A

Chorion: shell
Yolk: all other stuff
Nucleus
Micropyle: hole so sperm can get in

42
Q

Ovoparious

A

Normal egg surrounded by chorion

43
Q

Viviparous

A

Live birth

44
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Egg is fine but mother still keeps it and kid is born live

45
Q

Respiratory system

A

Spiracles
Trachea
Air sacs

46
Q

Breathing

A

Active and passive ventilation

47
Q

Circulation

A

Open circulatory system

48
Q

Hemolymph

A

All the stuff

49
Q

Blood flows from

A

Dorsal vessel
Aorta
Heart
Ostia (openings in heart)

50
Q

Fat bodies

A

Generation of light

Luminescence

51
Q

Neuron

A

Cell body
Axon : output
Dendrites : input
Terminal aborizations : fingers at end of axon

52
Q

Nervous transmission

A

Synapse
Synaptic transmission
Acetylcholine: causes electrical impulses
ACH-ase: destroys ACH after transmission

53
Q

Dual central nerve cord

A

Ladder like spine made of ganglia(group of neurons)

54
Q

Insect Brain

A

Protocerebrum- eyes and ocelli
Deuto- antennae
Trito- mouthparts and some sensory
Visceral NS- heart, gut etc.

55
Q

Flicker fusion frequency

A

How many times eyes scan something each second
Humans 50/1
Insects 250/1

56
Q

Chemoreception

A

Taste: high concentration in fluids
Smell: low concentration in air

57
Q

Mechanoreception

A

Sound, touch, movement

58
Q

Johnston’s organ

A

Perceive sound

59
Q

Tymphanal (chordotonal) organs

60
Q

Kind people can only find good sex

A

Kingdom phylum class order family genus species

61
Q

Systemma natura

A

How to decide how to group organisms

62
Q

Protoannelid

A

First worm

63
Q

Phylum Onychophora

A

Bilaterally segmented

Walking worms

64
Q

Phylum Annelida

A

Bilaterally seg.

Closed circ system (insects don’t have)

65
Q

Phylum Anthropoda

A

Open circ system
Exoskeleton
Tagma

66
Q

Sub phyla of Arthropoda

A

Trilobita: extinct, flat with many legs
Chilicerata: (spiders), simple eyes, book lungs, 2 tagma; cephalothorax
Crustacea: (lobsters) aquatic, gills, biramous appendages; split into claw
Unaramia: (insects) 2-3 tagma, uniramous appendages; end at one point

67
Q

Major classes of Uniramia

A

Diplopoda: (millipedes) elongated cylindrical body, reflexive bleeding
Chilopoda: (centipedes) elongated flattened body, 1st pair of appendages; jaw injects venom
Hexapoda: (insects) 3 tagma, 2pr wings, mostly terrestrial

68
Q

Why are insects so successful?

A 
Exoskeleton 
Small size
Evolution of sociality
Rapid reproduction
Many species-isolating mechanisms
69
Q

Major steps of the evolution of insects

A

Development of body plan
Wings/flight
Wing flexion (folding wings)
Holometabolism (metamorphasis to eat different things)

70
Q

4 major mechanisms of evolution

A 
Mutation
Natural selection (directional selection: selects against a phenotype) 
Genetic drift (chance events: bottleneck effect) 
Genetic flow ( killer bees)
71
Q

Antennae

A

Scape
Pedestal
Flagellum

72
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Epicuticle
Procuticle
Cellular epidermis
Basement membrane

73
Q

Types of molting

A

Hememetabolism- only grow wings
Holometabolism- complete change
Ametabolism- no change

74
Q

Chemical that starts molting

75
Q

Pause in molting

Entomology (3 decks)

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