Final Flashcards
Family Cicindelidae
Tiger beetles
Large compound eyes
Pincher mandibles
Larvae build tubes in soil
Carabidae
Ground beetles
Elytra striated
Nocturnal predators
Pronotum more pronounced than darling beetles
Dyticidae
Predacious diving beetle
Aquatic
Carry air bubble under elytra
Gyrinidae
Whirligig beetle
“2” pr compound eyes, really just one eye split underwater and over water
Bumper cars
Staphylinidae
Rove beetles
Short elytra
Long sharp mandibles cross in front of head
Defensive odors
Scarabaedae
Scarab beetles
Scavengers or phytofagous
Dung beetles, Hercules, June, Japanese beetles
Buprestidae
Flat headed borers
Attack live or newly cut trees
Larvae make oval tunnels/galleries
Elateridae
Click beetles Pronotal shield horns Eyespots common Defense: click noise and flip backwards Bioluminescence
Lampyridae
Fireflies
Females wingless
Lucifern: light enzyme
Femme fatale use light to trick other male species
Dermestadie
Skin beetles
Feed on flowers
Larvae feed on dead plants and animals
Larvae used to clean bones
Coccinelidae
Lady bird beetles
Predators on aphids
Some pests
Hibernate in summer
Tenebrionidae
Darling beetle
Elytra fused, no wings
Predators, detrivores
Head stand and reflexive bleed
Meloidae
Blister beetles
Flexible elytra
Pronotum more narrow than head
Hyper metamorphosis
Eat pollen
1st instar: triungulin, jumps on bee then eats it’s eggs
Adults produce canthardin, toxin that makes blisters
Cerambycidae
Round headed borers
Long antennae
Larvae eat wood
Round galleries
Chrysomelidae
Leaf beetles
Skeletonizes leaves
Colorado potatoes, corn root worm, flea beetles
Curculionidae
Weevils or about beetles Club like antennae with snout Eat plants Adults play dead Boll weevil: cotton
Scoltyidae
Bark beetles
Eat inner bark of trees
Aggregation pheromones: call others to tree it found
Transmit blue stain fungi
Order Mecoptera
Scorpion flies Mouthparts beak like appearance, chewing mouthparts on end Bulbous genetalia in males Adults eat small spiders Pupate in cells in soil Nuptial gifts
Order Siphonaptera
Fleas
Use comb to pick into hair of mammal
Larvae feed on debris, host skin flakes or adult feces, blood
Lay eggs on host and they fall off
Bubonic (bite), pneumonic (bacteria in lungs) and septicemic (bacteria in blood) plague
Order Diptera
Flies
1pr wings
1pr hatlteres
Family tipulidae
Crane flies
Delicate
Feed on nectar
Larvae aquatic
Culicidae
Mosquitos Female has piercing mouthparts Johnston's organ is used All larvae aquatic wrigglers, pupae tumblers Breathe through snorkel Anopheles: malaria Aedes: yellow fever Culex: filariasis
Chiranomidae
Midges
Adults don’t feed
Use hemoglobin to suck up oxygen
Simuliidae
Black flies Adults have humpback Live in clean flowing water Pupate in silk cocoon Females bite River blindness
Tabanidae
Horse flies: stationary host Deer flies: moving host Iridescent eyes Females blood sucking Some species vector diseases nematode across eye
Asiidae
Robber flies
Head hollowed out between eyes
Capture prey on their wings
Drosaphidae
Pomace, small fruit flies
Eat decaying vegetation
Important in breakdown of vegetation
Argromyzidae
Leaf miner flies
Plant feeders
Form leaf mines
Recognizable by type of mine
Muscidae
Teste fly: live birth, blood feeders, transmit fatal protozoan disease
House fly: lay eggs in garbage, liquid feeders, can transmit food disease
Stable fly: bite people and animals, larvae found in straw
Calliphoridae
Blow flies
Maggots used to remove gangrenous tissue
Lay eggs in wounds
Myiasis: disease from fly feeding on tissue
Can determine time of death
Sarcophagidae
Flesh flies
Like blow flies but black
Larvae eat animal material
Some are parasites
Tachinidae
Tachinids
Parasite on other insects
Bristles on abdomen
Parasite on Lepidoptera, lay eggs in insect body that burrow in
Tephritidae
Fruit flies
Bands on wings
Lay eggs in fruit then mark it so other females will go somewhere else
Order Trichoptera
Caddis flies (case flies)
Ancestors to moths
Liquid feeders
Oviposit into water
Larvae abdominal gills
Critical for environment, only found in clean water
Net spinners, case builders, free living are predators
Parasites vs. Parasitoids
Parasitoids kill, parasites do not
Order Lepidoptera
Butterflies and Moths
Silk glands in mouth
Also skippers: mix of butterfly and moth
Antennae make them different: B: clubbed, M: not clubbed, S: hooked
Larvae have prolegs: fake hook legs and crochets: hook them up to cocoons
Predator defense: concealment, crypsis, chemicals, hair, mimicry, disposable parts, and mutualists
Fly to Mexico for winter
Mate: butterflies: day fliers, m and f find mates, moths: night fliers
Family Papillionade
Swallow tails
Eye spots
Osmeterium: scent gland on head for defense
Family danaidae
Milkweed (monarch and queen butterflies)
Short range pheromones
Family Noctuidae
Armyworms, bollworms etc.
moths
Long range pheromones
Pests
Family Sphingidae
Hawk and Sphinx moths
Larvae have conspicuous spine (puppy tail)
Pupa have pitcher shaped handle mouth
Family saturniidae
Giant silkworm moths
Stinging hairs
Important for Native American food
Order Hymenoptera
Bees, wasps, ants, sawflies
Females ovipositor sting
Eggs that are fertilized become females, unfertilized are males
Make eggs laid first so sisters can mate when they are born
Suborder Apocripta
Stinging bees/wasps, parasitic wasps, ants
Chewing mouthparts or modified sucking
Wings held together by hamuli: hooks
Suborder Symphata
Saw flies Ovipositor needle or saw like Insert eggs into wood Eat plants Larvae like carts pillars but no crochets
Parasitoid wasps
Very small Touch host with ovipositor only Attack any stage Chalcid wasps: pest control, figs Cynipid wasps: make galls on plants
Sawflies
Feed on foliage
Family Ichneumonidae
No sting
Ovipositor to saw into wood for food
Eat larvae of holometabs like borers
Family sphecidae
Mud daubers, sand wasps
Hunt specific prey
Solitary stinging wasp
Paper and wood nests
Capture food and bring back to nest
Family pompilidae
Spider, tarantula hawks
Nervous searching/ hunting behavior
Dance around spiders
Family megachilidae
Leaf cutter bees
Tube nests lined with leaves
Last egg laid hatched first
Solitary stinging bees
Plumper hairs
Pollen baskets
Some nest parasites: take over other bugs nests, kill larvae and lay their own in the nest
Social Hymenoptera
Pre-social: gregariousness, brood care, communal nesting, nest provisioning
Eusocial: cooperative brood care, caste systems, overlapping generations
Primitive Eusocial Wasps
Queen threatens other females and denies them food to be dominate
When queen dies next meanest female takes over
Advanced social wasps
Huge paper nests, 1000s of wasps
1 reproductive queen
True divisions of labor
Primitive Eusocial Bees
Nest in abandoned cavities
Queens rule through aggression
Family Mutilidae
Velvet ant wasps: bright orange, powerful sting
Advanced Social Bees
Honey bees
Multiple cells in honeycomb
Variety of jobs
Ants (Hymenoptera)
Family Formicidae
Evolved from wasps
Polymorphism and polyethism
Caste
Winged repros, sterile workers
Family Anthrophoridae
Carpenter bees
Army ants
Stationary phase: reproductive
Mobile phase: while colony moves to find food
Leaf cutter ants
Chop up leaves to take back to colony
Let leaves grow fungus to eat
Slave raider ants
Have fights between black and red
Winner steals others babies and raises them as their own
Dulosis
Protector ants
Farm aphids and scales
Carpenter ants
Infest rotting wood
Honey pot ants
Make huge ball of nectar on abdomen to feed to others
