Midterm 1 Flashcards
What is the role of the innate immune system?
the role of the innate immune system is to act as the first line of defense that responds rapidly to an infection. “Non-specific”
What are the essential components of the innate immune system?
Physical and chemical barriers(epithelial and antimicrobial chemicals), phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages), NK cells, dendritic cells and blood proteins
What is the role of the adaptive immune system?
The adaptive immune system recognizes and reacts to a large of microbial and nonmicrobial substances. This is the second line of defense that has memory and specificity. Recognizes antigens
What are the essential components of the adaptive immune system?
Lymphocytes ( B cells and T cells) and antibodies
Compare and contrast the innate and adaptive immunity?
The innate is rapid(hours) while the adaptive has a slow response (days to weeks. The innate has a fixed response meaning the mechanisms respond the same way to repeated exposures. On other hand, since the adaptive has memory this creates an ability to respond more vigorously to repeated exposures. In the innate, there are limited number of specifities and numerous in the adaptive system. The innate stimulates and influences the adaptive. The adaptive enhances the protective mechanisms of innate immunity, making them more capable of effectively combating pathogenic microbes.
What are cytokines?
Cytokines are secreted proteins that mediate and regulate immunity and inflammation. These proteins are secreted by all cells of the immune system.
What are the functions of cytokines?
Growth, differentiation, activation of effector functions of lymphocytes and phagocytes and directed movement of immune cells from blood into tissues and within tissues
What are the properties of cytokines?
Pleiotropic(one ligand activates multiple cell types and with multiple effects), redundant(2+ ligands exhibit functional overlap), antagonize(2+ mediate oppositive responses to either limit a response or achieve balance, and synergy(2+ ligands produce additive effects).
What are the location of effects?
Autocrine-same cell
Paracrine-on nearby cell
Endocrine- distant from site(through circulatory)
Immune synapse- at the interface bewteen APC and T cells
What are antibodies?
proteins generated against antigens
What are antigens?
anything that can be bound by an antibody
What forms the TCR complex?
CD3 and zeta chains are non-covalently associated with alpha and beta heterodimer and CD3 proteins. CD3 and zeta chain are identical regardless of specificity
What stimulates B and T cells?
IL-7
