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BUS 387 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is single loop learning?

A

Trying to put a screw in a wall. It’s not working well, so you hammer harder.

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2
Q

Who wrote ‘teaching smart people how to learn’?

A

Chris Argyris

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3
Q

What are the eight methods of self reflection?

A

(1) archeological and historical self-exploration
(2) journaling
(3) psychoanalysis/coaching
(4) meditation and contemplative prayer
(5) physical activities
(6) group activities
(7) psychological tests
(8) feedback discussions with significant others

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4
Q

Who is Sigmund Freud?

A

The father of psychoanalysis, came up with id, ego, and superego

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5
Q

What is the superego?

A
  • acts as a self-critical conscience
  • reflects social standards learned from parents and teachers
  • part of the unconscious
  • too much of this leads to neurosis
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6
Q

What is the id?

A
  • human’s basic instinctual drives
  • only part present from birth
  • source of bodily needs, wants, and desires
  • sexual and aggressive drive
  • too much of this leads to psychosis
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7
Q

What is the ego?

A
  • part of the conscious
  • seeks to please the ids drive in realistic ways
  • finds a balance between the id, superego, and external world
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8
Q

Who was Carl Jung?

A
  • “the mystic”
  • unconscious = shadow, anima, archetypes/collective unconscious
  • conscious = persona, ego
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9
Q

What is anima?

A

Man projects his womanly ideals on a certain girl, and she pretends to fit those ideals

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10
Q

Four steps for dream interpretation

A
  1. Remember the dream
  2. Make associations
  3. Tie associations to life issues
  4. Act on the interpretation
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11
Q

Myers-Briggs test

A
  • Helps you understand your own preferences, preferences of others with who you interact
  • greater understanding of others
  • leads to better communication, effectiveness, better team work
  • captures key variables in a persons worldview
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12
Q

Parts of active listening

A
  • paraphrase
  • inquire
  • acknowledge
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13
Q

How can interpersonal communication reveal world views?

A
  • willingness to accept bias non-judgementally
  • curiosity about oneself and others
  • empathetic listening
  • Courageous self-disclosure
  • sharing of stories about oneself that reveal things
  • emergence of an atmosphere of trust
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14
Q

What is conflict?

A

A process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party

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15
Q

What are some types of conflict?

A
  • intrapersonal, interpersonal, intra-group, inter-group

- vertical, horizontal, diversity based

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16
Q

What is negotiation?

A

A process by which 2+ interdependent individuals/groups, who perceive that they have common and conflicting goals, state and discuss preferences for specific terms of a possible agreement

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17
Q

Is conflict good or bad?

A
  • substantive conflict is productive and constructive (regarding the issue you are talking about)
  • socio-emotional conflict can be dangerous and costly (regarding the relationship with the person)
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18
Q

What are bad and good ways to handle conflict?

A

Bad: avoiding or accommodating
Good: compromise
Okay: competitive

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19
Q

How do you overcome conflict between groups?

A
  • introduce a common enemy
  • subordinate goals
  • expansion of ones awareness and circle of identification
  • negotiation
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20
Q

What are the best traits of a leader?

A
  1. Drive
  2. Leadership motivation
  3. Honesty and integrity
  4. Self-confidence
  5. Cognitive ability
  6. Knowledge of the business
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21
Q

What does leadership effectiveness depend on?

A
  1. The situation

2. Characteristics of the subordinates/followers

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22
Q

What are the two leadership styles?

A 
Authoritarian/bad cop/stern father
   -works best for crisis situations
   -with less skilled, motivated people
Democratic/good cop/stern mother
   -works best in routine situations
   -with skilled, motivated people
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23
Q

What is the attribution theory of leadership?

A

By J. Pfeiffer

  • leadership is bogus, an illusion
  • performance of a company is complex, many people don’t get it and put all of the weight on the leaders
  • the leaders don’t actually contribute all that much
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24
Q

What is charismatic and transformational leadership?

A
  • Leaders get to know their followers
  • essentially tell the world what the followers want to say
  • They tell a story that inspires the followers and ignites emotions
  • Followers and leaders both expand their awareness through this process.
25
Q

What does leadership depend on?

A
  • characteristics of the leader
  • a good match between the leader and the situation
  • portraying/faking power/control to followers
  • interacting deeply with them so as to articulate for them the story they’re yearning to hear
26
Q

How do you become a charismatic or transformational leader?

A
  • self knowledge and development
  • authentic leadership development
  • the crucible of experience
  • experimenting with different roles
  • asking for deep and wide feedback
  • mentors
  • developing emotional intelligence
27
Q

What is theory-in-use?

A

The way we really act. Rests on four basic values:

  1. To remain in unilateral control
  2. To maximize “winning” and minimize “losing”
  3. To suppress negative feelings
  4. To be as rational as possible
28
Q

Where does the defensiveness of many young consultants stem from?

A
  • an unrealistically high ideal of performance
  • a high fear of failure
  • a propensity to feel shame and guilt when they fail
29
Q

What is a defensive attitude?

A

The tendency to blame mistakes on outside factors to protect oneself

30
Q

What is the part of the brain that is considered to be at the origin of emotions?

A

The mammalian brain

31
Q

What is transference?

A

The tendency people have to transpose past situations to the present to try to solve unresolved issues

32
Q

What were the two main ways Jung differed from Freud?

A

Sexuality and religion

33
Q

Freudian psychoanalysis

A

Looks at dreams and uses free association

34
Q

Jungian anaysis

A

Looks at dreams, uses free association but also use symbols and myths as keys to interpreting dreams

35
Q

Myers-Briggs preferences

A
  1. Introversion or extroversion
  2. Intuition or sensing
  3. Thinking or feeling
  4. Judging or perceiving
36
Q

What is the language of the unconscious primarily composed of?

A

Symbolic images

37
Q

What is passive fantasy?

A

-material that foes through the imagination
-fanciful daydream that crosses mind at random points of the day
-Sometimes distracts for long periods of time
Example: worrying

38
Q

Origin of the word fantasy

A

Greek for phantasia, meaning to make visible, reveal

39
Q

Where do you put your focus when you’re giving a speech?

A

Yourself

40
Q

When speaking, what do you lead with?

A

Your heart

41
Q

What are the three realms in which your body responds more quickly than your mind?

A

Emotion, relationship, personal safety

42
Q

“How to master nonverbal communication”

A

Nick Morgan

43
Q

“A psychodynamic perspective on human behavior”

A

JF Coget

44
Q

When speaking, your voice should have

A
  • resonance and presence
  • authoritative arc
  • vocal variety (variation in pitch, volume, tone)
45
Q

“Barriers and gateways to communication”

A

Carl R. Rogers and F. J. Roethlisberger

46
Q

Listening with understanding

A
  • alter a persons basic personality structure
  • improve their relationships and communications
  • involves seeing the expressed idea and attitude from another persons point of view
47
Q

Communication barriers

A
  • a lack of courage
  • heightened emotions
  • too large a group
  • time pressure
  • insecurity and fear
  • the managerial paradox
48
Q

What is the negotiation checklist?

A

-A guide for thinking about an important, upcoming negotiation
-prepares you well for negotiating
-sections:
A. About you
B. About the other side
C. The situation
D. The relationship between parties

49
Q

What is BATNA?

A
  • best alternative to a negotiated agreement
  • a negotiation backup plan
  • key factor in determining negotiation power
  • if you have alternatives to the job you are applying for, you have a better BATNA
50
Q

What is a resistance point?

A

The worst agreement you are willing to accept before ending negotiations and resorting to your BATNA

51
Q

What makes a good negotiation?

A
  • plan to lie rather than expose a weakness

- spend time rehearsing answers for smooth delivery

52
Q

Who wrote “the negotiation checklist”?

A

Tony Simons and Thomas M. Tripp

53
Q

What is leadership?

A

A process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.

54
Q

Management vs. leadership

A
  • Management refers to the numerous roles and activities that a manager must carry out
  • leadership activities relate only to subset of larger managerial functions and activities
  • leadership is about coping with change
  • management is about coping with complexity
55
Q

Task-behavior

A

The extent to which the leader engages in spelling out duties and responsibilities of an individual or group

56
Q

Relationship behavior

A

The extent to which the leader engages in two-way or multi-way communication

57
Q

Situational leadership theory

A

Leaders can adopt different leadership styles to adapt to differing situations

58
Q

Path-goal theory

A
  • Leaders motivate people to achieve high performance by showing them the path to reach valued goals or results
  • includes four leadership styles
    1. Directive
    2. Supportive
    3. Participative
    4. Achievement-oriented

BUS 387 (2 decks)

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