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Biological Psychology > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

A strand of DNA serves as a template (model) for the synthesis of…

A

RNA

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2
Q

Interruption of the production of RNA would directly affect…

A

protein synthesis

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3
Q

Chemically, what is the route from genes to their expression?

A

DNA to RNA to proteins

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4
Q

Males are more likely than females to exhibit color vision deficiency because of a gene that is…

A

recessive and sex-linked

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5
Q

Small, charged molecules can cross the membrane through…

A

protein channels

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6
Q

What is the correct order of transmission of information within a neuron?

A

Dendrite, cell body, axon

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7
Q

Which function is NOT performed by glia?

A

a) removing waste materials
b) building the myelin sheaths
C) transmitting information
d) guiding growth of axons and dendrites

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8
Q

The risk of having part of the brain unprotected by the blood brain barrier is that…

A

viruses or toxic chemicals are likely to damage it

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9
Q

Why do neurons rely so heavily on glucose as their source of nutrition?

A

other fuels do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier

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10
Q

When the neuronal membrane is at rest, the sodium channels…

A

are closed

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11
Q

What is one major cause for the resting potential of a neurons membrane?

A

the sodium-potassium pump

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12
Q

When a membrane is at rest, what attracts potassium ions to the inside of the cell?

A

an electrical gradient

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13
Q

Stimulus A depolarizes a neuron just barely above the threshold, stimulus B depolarizes a neuron to 10 mV beyond threshold. What can we expect to happen?

A

stimulus A and stimulus B will produce the same response in neurons

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14
Q

Suppose we applied a drug to a neuron that caused its sodium gates to suddenly open wide. What would happen?

A

an action potential

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15
Q

According to the all-or-none law…

A

once an axon reaches threshold, the amplitude and velocity of an action potential are nearly equal each time

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16
Q

Where do most action potentials begin?

A

at the axon hillock

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17
Q

What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?

A

spatial summation depends on contributions from more than one sensory neuron

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18
Q

In the epigenetics studies on maternal behavior, researcher Meaney showed that…

A

stress resilience was related to maternal behavior but could not be reversed with cross-fostering the pups

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19
Q

What provides the building blocks for synthesizing neurotransmitters?

A

substances found in the diet

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20
Q

The main advantage of a neuron releasing more than one neurotransmitter is that…

A

it can send more complex messages

21
Q

Neural stem cells are…

A

cells within the brain that have the potential to become any other cells of the nervous system, self-renewing, well accepted now but are not acknowledged before 1994

22
Q

Neurotransmission is affected by…

A

The number of dendrites available to receive information AND The amount of neurotransmitter available to stimulate receptors on the dendrites

23
Q

Transmission of information between neurons occurs in the same way as transmission along the axon which is…

A

chemical

24
Q

Transporter proteins transport neurotransmitters…

A

back to the presynaptic neuron

25
Q

What affect would be considered agonistic

A

stimulating the release of neurotransmitters

26
Q

The key into a lock analogy best describes…

A

a drug’s affinity for a receptor

27
Q

The primary difference between an EPSP and an action potential is that…

A

EPSP’s are subthreshold events that decay over time and space

28
Q

Which neurotransmitter has been repeatedly connected with addictive drugs?

A

dopamine

29
Q

Which division of the nervous system consists of neurons that control the heart, intestines and other organs?

A

autonomic

30
Q

In anatomy, the opposite of medial is…

A

lateral

31
Q

Seeing a snake come out of the drain in the bathtub might increase your heart rate, dilate your pupils, cause you to sweat, and raise the hair on your neck. These responses are due to the activity of the….

A

sympathetic nervous system

32
Q

What, generally, is the relationship between the activity of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems…

A

they usually have opposite effects on the same organ

33
Q

Damage to which hindbrain structure would be most life-threatening?

A

medulla

34
Q

The cerebellum contributes to the control of what function?

A

olfaction and movement

35
Q

What type of neurons in the substantia nigra deteriorates in Parkinson’s disease?

A

dopamine

36
Q

A group of forebrain structures is important for motivated and emotional behavior. What is the name given to this group of structures?

A

limbic system

37
Q

Damage to the thalamus would most likely result in…

A

loss of sensory input to the cortex

38
Q

An impairment of eating, drinking, temperature regulation or sexual behavior suggests possible damage to which brain structure?

A

hypothalamus

39
Q

An individual has difficulty remembering certain things after brain damage but all memories stored before the damage are intact. the brain area most likely damaged is the…

A

hippocampus

40
Q

A blind person who suddenly loses the ability to read Braille has probably suffered damage to what area of the cerebral cortex?

A

parietal lobe

41
Q

The prefrontal cortex is important for…

A

working memory

42
Q

If you were interested in determining if the volume of the hippocampus is associated with the amount of stress a person was experiencing, this method would be the best choice

A

CAT

43
Q

Which brain imaging techniques does NOT provide a functional measure of brain activity?

A

MRI

44
Q

A stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for…

A

placing an electrode in the brain

45
Q

The purpose of creating a sham lesion is to…

A

assess the effects of introducing an electrode

46
Q

Stem cells are important for which of the following development processes?

A

proliferation

47
Q

Best characterize how axons arrive at the correct target cells.

A

they follow chemical gradients from the target cell

48
Q

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons of glia, are called…

A

stem cells

49
Q

Name functions of neutrophins?

A
  • direct axonal growth during development
  • increase axonal branching in mature neurons
  • increase regrowth of axons after brain damage

Biological Psychology (6 decks)

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