Midterm 1

Question 0

Who are the key introspectionists?

Answer 0

Wundt, Tichener

Question 1

Intuition blindness

Answer 1

Intuition blinds us to the actually very complicated problems that the mind solves

Question 2

Introspection

Answer 2

Science of experience, observe thoughts, and basic elements of thought/cognitive processes

Question 3

Behaviourism

Answer 3

Must have operational definition in terms of observable behaviour, and formulate laws about stimulus(environment) and response(behaviour)

Question 4

Tolman’s mental map experiment

Answer 4

Rat chose new path based on where the reward was in mental map

Question 5

Cognitivism

Answer 5

Science of mind, we have structured internal representation that process information like a computer, and can be studied through behaviour and mental representations

Question 6

Information processing

Answer 6

Idea that cognition is like how information is passed through stages of sensory input, perceptual analysis, and output

Question 7

Goal of perception

Answer 7

Infer structure of external world from information we get from our senses

Question 8

Ambiguity

Answer 8

Different things can look the same; choose the most likely option

Question 9

Variability

Answer 9

Same thing can look different, or different objects in the same category look different; use reliable cues such as invariants

Question 10

Depth perception

Answer 10

Recover 3D structure of the world from 2D array of retina image

Question 11

Stereograms

Answer 11

Produce depth perception by creating retinal disparity, make two eyes see slightly different things

Question 12

Retinal size vs apparent size

Answer 12

Retinal size unreliable, apparent size tracks actual size

Question 13

Feature detection theory

Answer 13

Objects are composed of features detected by lower level visual processing; doesn’t represent relationship between the features

Question 14

Structural description theory

Answer 14

Feature + spatial relationships such as recognition by components theory (using invariant geons)

Question 15

Template matching theory

Answer 15

Objects matched with stored representations, can have many representations for a category

Question 16

Informationally equivalent

Answer 16

Different kinds of representation can encode the same thing

Question 17

Retroactive interference

Answer 17

Later learning interfere with previous

Question 18

Proactive interference

Answer 18

Previous learning interfere with new learning

Question 19

Deese-Roediger-McDermott

Answer 19

List of words with a missing associated word, people falsely remember that word

Question 20

Elaborating processing

Answer 20

Create additional information that relate and expand on what needs to be remembered

Question 21

Encoding specificity effect

Answer 21

Successful retrieval depend on match between encoding and retrieval

Question 22

Reconstructive memory

Answer 22

Remembering by integrating partial information with schemas and beliefs