Midterm 1 Flashcards
What is the normal resting pulse rate for an adult?
60-90 pulsations per minute
An irregular heart patter, which then continues in the same regular pattern over and over may indicate what condition?
Sinus Arrhythmia
A heart pattern with a less unpredictable rhythm may indicate…
Heart Disease
What is meant by amplitude when assessing a patient’s pulse?
Height or intensity of the pulse
What is the scale in which we measure amplitude?
4=bounding 3=full 2=expected 1=diminished 0=absent
What does blood pressure measure?
It is a peripheral measurement of an individual’s cardiovascular capacity.
Where can we take a patients temperature?
Oral
Axiallary
Rectal
Tympanic
When is the tympanic temperature assessment not reliable?
If the patient has tympanic tubes or implants.
What is the purpose of taking a placatory systolic measurement?
Helps to avoid errors of underestimating the systolic pressure.
T or F
The placatory systolic pressure is the pressure where the radial pulse disappears
False
It is where the radial pulse REAPPEARS
In regards to the cuff size, what could give you false readings?
- Cuffs that are too short or too narrow may give false high readings
- Using a regular size cuff on an obsess arm may lead to a false diagnosis
- A loose cuff or a bladder that balloons outside the cuff leads to false high readings.
Systole is the period of ventricular ______
Contraction
Diastole is a period of ventricular _______
Relaxation
When does ventricular diastole begin and end?
with the onset of the second heart sound and ends with the onset of the first heart sound.
What is pulse pressure?
The difference between systole and diastole.
Normally there may be a difference of how many mmHG when doing blood pressure bilaterally?
5-10 mmHG
Pressure differences in blood pressure of 10-15 mm HG suggests?
Arterial compression or obstruction on the side with the lower pressure.
T or F
Blood pressure readings tend to be higher on the left arm
False
Right arm tends to be higher.
T or F
The arm that has the highest reading is accepted as being the closets to the patients true blood pressure
True!
Ordinarily, the femoral pulse is as strong or stronger than the radial pulse. If this is reversed or if the femoral pulsation is absent what should be suspected?
Coarctation of the aorta - this is a congenital stenosis or narrowing most commonly of the aortic arch.
What is an ausculatory gap?
A silent interval that may be present between the systolic and diastolic pressure.
What are two factors that can effect the ausculatory gap?
Hypertension in elderly persons can widen the interval or drops in diastolic pressure usually seen in chronic severe aortic regurgitation.
A positive DeMusset’s Sign is indicative of…
Aortic insufficiency
The hyoid bone is located adjacent to what spinal segment?
C3
Difficulty in swallowing my indicate what pathologies?
Enlarged thyroid gland
Space-occupying lesion in the anterior spine.
What is paronchia?
Skin infection around the nail
An iron deficiency anemia, fungal infection or hypothyroidism are symptoms related to what nail condition?
Spooned Nails (Koilonchia)
Broad and flat nails could indicate?
Secondary Syphilis
What are the possible causes of Edema?
Venous obstruction Increased capillary fluid pressure Renal Failure Congestive heart failure Corticosteroid usage Inflammatory response
Stasis dermatitis is commonly associated with?
Venous incompetence
What are the usual consequences of stasis dermatitis?
Increased edema
Secondary bacterial infection
Ulceration
What are bruits?
Low pitched unexpected sounds that may indicate local obstruction or vigorous blood flow.
What causes venous hum?
Turbulent blood flow in the internal jugular veins.
Venous hum in adults usually occurs with:
Anemia
Pregnancy
Thyrotoxicosis
Intracranial arteriovenous malformation
What signs are common to both arterial insufficiency and venous stasis?
Atrophy of skin with hair loss
Ulceration
Pain
Gangrene
What is venous stasis and what may the patient complain of?
Chronic venous insufficiency manifested by edema and dilated superficial veins.
- may complain of fullness, aching or tiredness in the leg or have no discomfort.
A depression that does not raptly fill when checking for pitting edema is evidence of…
Orthostatic edema
Edema with thickening and ulceration of the skin could indicate…
Deep venous obstruction or valvular incompetence.
