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Got dat VD??? > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

T or F

Ventricular Septal Defect always results in cyanosis at birth

A

False

The movement of blood is L-R and therefore only a little extra blood would flow into the RV. If the aorta was opening into both ventricles then we would see cyanosis.

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2
Q

What percentage of cases of Ventricular Septal Defect are self limiting?

A

80%

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3
Q

What happens to the Right ventricle if the septal defect does not self resolve?

A

R Ventricular hypertrophy -> too much pressure -> R Ventricular Failure = reversal of shunt & deoxygenated blood to the brain.

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4
Q

What causes Rheumatic Fever in younger people?

A

Recurrent inflammation of the tonsils. 6+ episodes.

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5
Q

Why does taking out the tonsils help with Rheumatic Fever?

A

Tonsils become a septic focus which can cause Bacteremia

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6
Q

T or F

After 15 yoa Rheumatic Fever from tonsillitis is not as much of a concern

A

True

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7
Q

Where are some other common septic focus areas in the body?

A 
Men = prostate, tonsils, teeth
Females = fallopian tubes, tonsils, teeth
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8
Q

Name 3 conditions discussed in class that will give you a high fever

A

Pneumonia
Nephritis
Tonsilitis

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9
Q

What is a high pitched heart murmur?

Low pitched?

A 
HIGH = aortic or mitral regurgitation is produced by blood flowing through narrow orifices under increased pressure 
LOW = ventricular filling murmur are produced by blood flowing under relatively low pressure.
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10
Q

Describe a thrill

A

Vibratory sensation heard over a massive valvular lesion.
So loud you can hear and feel.
Turbulent blood flow

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11
Q

Where is the aortic, pulmonic, erbs, tri, mitral pulse felt on the thorax?

A 
a = R side at 2nd ICS 
p = L side at 2nd ICS 
e = L side at 3rd ICS
t = L side at 4th ICS
m = L side at 5th ICS ~7-10cm lateral of sternum
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12
Q

What is an aka for apical impulse?

A

point of maximal intensity

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13
Q

T or F

At rates less than 100 bpm diastole is shorter than systole

A

False

Diastole will be longer than systole

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14
Q

T or F

Diastole = S2 to S1

A

True

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15
Q

T or F

S1 and S2 are best heard with the bell

A

False

Diaphragm

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16
Q

T or F

Cluster headaches are classified as sinister in headache basic classification

A

False!

Non-sinister

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17
Q

Common signs and symptoms of Cluster headaches

A 
Temporal artery bulging & pulsating 
Severe headache, pain behind eye
Unilateral ptosis, swelling & redness of eyelid
Myosis
Tearing
Flushing of side of face, sweating
Nasal congestions, rhinorrhea
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18
Q

List the sinister causes of headaches

A 
Space occupying lesion
Glaucoma 
Temporal Arteritis 
Meningitis 
Subdural hematoma
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19
Q

Red flags of headaches

A 
Recent onset
Positional headache 
Focal neurological sign 
Progressive headaches
Vomiting without nausea 
Cognitive changes - confusion, drowsiness, giddiness
Persistent or severe headache in a child
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20
Q

T or F

Vomiting without nausea is a sign of increased intracranial pressure

A

True

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21
Q

There is new anatomical research between the relationship of the cervical spine and headaches. What does the research find?

A

At the AO junction there appears to be connective tissue attachment between Rectus Capitis posterior minor muscle and the posterior spinal dura.

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22
Q

Name some of the criteria for a cervicogenic headache

A

Neck pn with headache
Local tenderness
Some restriction of motion
X-ray finding of abnormal, loss of curve, other distinct abnormalities.

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23
Q

Describe the criteria for Meningitis

A 
Headache with fever
Neck stiffness
Photophobia
Lightheadedness 
Positive test for meningeal irritation
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24
Q

What is the silent killer of the eye?

A

Glaucoma

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25
Q

What is temporal arteritis?

A

Tender nodule at the temporal part of the head (temporal artery)
Pain is originating from inflamed vessels of the scalp which are thickened and tender and show diminished pulsation
May effect intra/extra-cranial cerebral vessels.

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26
Q

How can Temporal Arteritis cause sudden blindness?

A
  • May affect the opthalmic branch of the internal carotid artery.
  • It involves also the ciliary arteries supplying the optic nerve and retina.
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27
Q

What is a lucid interval?

A

A period of time that lapses between head trauma and the appearance of neurological findings. Could last 24-48 hrs

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28
Q

When will we typically see a distended abd?

A

Usually with late stage liver pathology such as cirrhosis of the liver.

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29
Q

An advanced liver disease with distended veins and arteries around umbilicus is known as

A

Capute Medusa

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30
Q

What are some causes of Jaundice

A
  • increased bilirubin
  • liver problem - 90%
  • rupture of RBC
  • Obstruction
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31
Q

Where is the best place to observe jaundice?

A

Sclera of the eye

32
Q

T or F

Palpation is done before auscultation of the abdomen

A

False

33
Q

T or F

Bowel sounds are heard using the diaphragm

A

True

34
Q

What is a friction rub?

A

Inflammation of peritoneal surface of an organ

35
Q

What is the predominate sound heard during percussion of the abdomen?

A

Tympani

36
Q

What is hematemesis? What can cause it?

A

Vomiting of blood - peptic ulcer

37
Q

What is melena?

A

Black tarry stool due to presence of digested blood

38
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

Occurs when part of the stomach has passed through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm into the chest cavity

39
Q

What are some common factors contributing to hiatal hernias?

A 
Obesity
Pregnancy
Ascites 
Use of tight fitting belts and clothes 
Muscle weakness** primary factor
40
Q

What is the most common form of peptic ulcer disease?

A

Duodenal Ulcer

41
Q

T or F

Duodenal ulcer happens twice as often in women than men.

A

False!

Other way around

42
Q

Blue appearance around the umbilicus would indicate what condition?

A

Cullen’s Sign

43
Q

What can cause blue appearance around the umbilicus?

A

Intra-abd hemorrhage

44
Q

Generalized and pain upon manual rebound after applying pressure is a positive….

A

Blumberg’s

45
Q

What can cause portal hypertension?

A

Liver cirrhosis

46
Q

Hepatitis A is transmitted how?

A

Ingestion of contaminated food

47
Q

Patient presented with LLQ pn, nausea, vomitting, and altered bowel habits. Rebound tenderness was present in the LLQ what is most likely the cause?

A

Meckel’s Diverticulitis

48
Q

T or F

Percussion of the lower border of the liver is performed at the mid-clavicular line

A

True

49
Q

The most common cause of bleeding per-rectum is?

A

Hemorrhoids

50
Q

When palpating the epigastric area you felt pulsations coming from superior to inferior this patient is suffering from?

A

R ventricular hypertrophy - Cor Pulmonale

51
Q

T or F

Gallbladder is found at the right sternal border

A

False!

Midclavicular line

52
Q

Diastasis recti is caused by?

A

Weakness of the linea alba

53
Q

Referred pain is categorized under which reflexes?

A

Viscero-somatic

54
Q

T or F

Apex beat is formed by right ventricular contraction

A

False

Left

55
Q

What side of the heart is associated with precordial heaving ?

A

Right

56
Q

Apex beat is palpated at what ICS?

A

5th

57
Q

The type of pain associated with pleurisy

A

Knife Like

58
Q

Long term use of NSAID can cause?

A

Peptic ulcers

59
Q

Who discovered the link between H.Pylori and peptic ulcers

A

10%Barry Marshall

60
Q

What is the percentage of the world suffering from peptic ulcers?

A

10%

61
Q

What is a last resort tx for peptic ulcers?

A

Vagotomy

62
Q

What part of the heart occupies most of the anterior surface?

A

Right Ventricle

63
Q

What are Fallot’s Tetrology

A

VSD
Pulmonary Stenosis
Aorta overriding on both ventricles
Ventricular Septal Defect

64
Q

What muscle is associated with cervicogenic headaches?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

65
Q

T or F

A classical migraine patient will see an aura before onset

A

True

66
Q

What is Dejerine’s Triad

A

For space occupying lesions

-pain upon coughing, sneezing or straining

67
Q

What is the most common injured abd organ from trauma?

A

Spleen

68
Q

T or F

Hep A is more severe than B

A

False

B = more severe

69
Q

Pain in LUQ could be caused from: (name all)

A 
ruptured spleen
peptic ulcer
gastritis 
myocardial infarction 
pneumonia 
rib fracture
pleurisy 
nephritis 
bowel obstruction
70
Q

RLQ pain could be stemming from….

A

Appendicitis

Ruptured appendix

71
Q

Structural abnormalities of the chest is usually associated with?

A

TB, Emphysema, Malignancy

72
Q

Clubbing of the fingernails occurs due to?

A

Chronic hypoxia

73
Q

A condition most likely caused by systemic hypertension is…

A

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

74
Q

The 4th heart sound occurs physiologically due to?

A

Passive blood flow from the atria to the ventricles

75
Q

Positive egophony, bronchophony, and whispered pectoriloquy during auscultation of the lung indicate…

A

Lung consolidation

76
Q

What valvular lesion could cause drop attacks?

A

Aortic

77
Q

What concoction is sufficient to remove anything infectious from a table like HIV

A

one portion bleach to nine water

Got dat VD??? (3 decks)

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