Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 2129 - Ecology > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Ecology?

A

It is the study of the distribution and abundance of species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four scales ofstudy in Ecology?

A

Individual level -> Population Level -> Community Level -> Ecosystem Dynamics Level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define natural history

A

Natural history is the observation of organisms behaving and interacting with their surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define total biomass

A

The mass of living material in an area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are two categories of reasons for a very high biomass in an area?

A

Intrinsic property of an ecosystem, or human driven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name three common ecosystem functions of primary productivity

A
  1. Production of organic matter/biomass
  2. Absorption of CO2
  3. base of food webs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 4 primary ecosystem functions looked at in the slides?

A
  1. Water cycling -
  2. Decomposition -
  3. Biogeochemical cycles
  4. Pollination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 4 factors that can influence ecological characteristics?

A
  1. History/Evolution
  2. Physiological tolerance
  3. Limiting resources
  4. biotic Interactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the law of the minimum?

A

The limiting factor of a population must be the one an organism must concentrate the most in its tissues relative to environmental conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the major properties of terrestrial ecosystems?

A
  1. Climate
  2. Water
  3. Nutrients
  4. Substrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which way does the Coralis effect move winds?

A

Clockwise in the N and counter-clockwise in the south

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What effects are characterized by land/mountains distributing rain on the a windward side?

A

Orographic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the axis on a climate diagram?

A

On the left side it is temperature, the right side it is precipitation, and it is months along the bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When on a climate diagram can we say there is adequate water for plant growth?

A

the precipitation curve is above the temperature curve (20cm equivalent to 10 degrees)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are characteristics of boreal ecosystems?

A

Temperatures range over the year, relatively wet,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What two characteristics may make for poor soil nutrients?

A

Tropics where nutrients are leeched, or underlying rock is insoluble

17
Q

What are 3 properties of aquatic/marine ecosystems

A
  1. Trophic status
  2. Water properties (salinity, temperature, stratification)
  3. Chemical properties
18
Q

List the trophic statuses of bodies of water in terms of highest nutrient concentration to lowest

A

Eutrophic, mesotrophic, ogliotrophic

19
Q

What are the two most common determinants of lake trophic status?

A
  1. Substrate
  2. Human activities such as agriculture (non-point source)
20
Q

What happens to DO in water of lakes in times of turnover?

A

They are higher deeper in oligotrophic lakes, and lower deeper in eutrophic lakes due to the oxygen demands of decomposition.

21
Q

How can we describe DO solubility?

A

It is higher at colder temperatures.

22
Q

What is the formula for vertical light intensity?

A

ln (Irradiation at Z) = ln (irradiation at surface) - k(vertical extinction property of water*depth

23
Q

What are some significant morphometric factors that influence lake ecology?

A

Watershed size, euphotic zone (depth of viability), prevailing winds

24
Q

What are the three patterns of organism distribution?

A

Random, regular, clumped

25
Q

Give the formula for var (s^2)

A

(sum of individual variances from the mean squared)/n-1

26
Q

What formula is the bias corrected version of the Lincoln-Peterson formula?

A

The bailey estimate for population size is corrected (N = M(n+1)/(m+1)

27
Q

What are the three types of biodiversity?

A

Alpha Diversity = species richness (count)
Beta diversity= regional/local diversity (gamma/alpha)
Gamma diversity = regional diversity

28
Q

Define species richness vs evenness, give the formula for evenness

A

Richness is how many, evenness is relative abundance is normally distributed

evenness is Shannon-Weiner/Log (# of species)

29
Q

What is a commonly accepted index of diversity that includes richness and evenness?

A

The Shannon-Weinberg index is the -sum of the pi*ln(pi)

30
Q

What does pi stand for inthe shannon weinberg?

A

The proportion of individuals, how many there are/total #

31
Q

How do we describe community similarity?

A

Jaccard index (a/(a+b+c))

32
Q

What is the formula of continuous population growth?

A

Nt = Nzero*e^(rt)

33
Q

What does the r value in continuous population growth come from?

A

It is ln(lambda)

34
Q

What is the function and formula for delayed logistic growth?

A

It is an oscillating N = rN(at time) (1-(N(at time)/k))

BIO 2129 - Ecology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions