MIDTERM 1

Question 1

William McNeill

Answer 1

Author that studied ancient patterns of Steppe Nomads and how ancient raiders turned into powerful rulers.

Question 2

how were ancient ruling patterns reversed (raiding)?

Answer 2

The gunpowder revolution

Question 3

Jared Diamond

Answer 3

-Author that explained the fall of the Incan empire in 1532
-cajamarca

Question 4

Why did the Incan empire fall? how did 80,000 lose to 168?

Answer 4

The empire was NOT immune to withstand the disease the savages brought to them

Agriculture and E-W isotherm axis

Question 5

30 years war

Answer 5

what was it?: religious warfare that involved use of gunpowder weapons

When: 1618-1648

what happened as a result?: increased use of gunpowder armies and standing armies

who was involved?: protestants vs Catholics

Question 6

standing armies

Answer 6

comprised of lower class people and wore bright red uniforms

Question 7

Affects of siege artillery on European colonies

Answer 7

war is becoming more common

need to build large forts to survive

only large armies could afford to build these

started to weed out weaker populations, stronger and richer ones thrived

Question 8

Army Louis XIV. Why was it so large?

Answer 8

was 400,000 men at his death in 1715

Louis asserted dominance and could manage state finances

Question 9

What happened with colonies and mercantilism during 17th century and what resulted from this?

Answer 9

Commercial and industrial capitalism are on the rise

colonies form across seas to provide goods for the mother country

Result: violent competition, war, dive for more colonies

Question 10

The “rock” of Gibraltar

Answer 10

Where was it?: southern coast of Spain
Why was it important? huge travel point for trade, British owned this

Question 11

The British Financial Revolution

Answer 11

When was it? 17th century
Why did it happen/what happened? 9 years war caused tremendous debt, king Louis taxes peasants, peasants mad and kill him

Question 12

what are 2 factors that the Industrial Revolution increased in population so fast going into the 20th century?

Answer 12

More people to perform labor
the harness of non-human forms of energy

Question 13

What are 3 big factors as to why British population flourished in the Industrial Revolution

Answer 13

1. Agricultural revolution
2. Entering an era of mass politics/political movements
3. The 8 big “isms” start to rise
   -nationalism
   -liberalism
   -capitalism
   -conservatism
   -romanticism
   -socialism
   -militarianism
   -darwinism

Question 14

Why are the isms getting bigger in British civilization during 20th century?

Answer 14

1. People are finding stuff to argue about
2. faith of change - people are moving towards something better
3. faith creating rapid development in ways of thinking/ideologies

Question 15

When was the period of relative peace?

Answer 15

1815-1914

Question 16

What was the basis of 19th century European cultural confidence

Answer 16

Progress

Question 17

Liberalism

Answer 17

political/social philosophy advocating for freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, to ensure people from all parties can develop in society freely.

Question 18

What 2 things did liberalism tend towards

Answer 18

Capitalism
free trade

Question 19

Declaration of rights of man and citizen

Answer 19

When: 1789
What was it?: faith in individual freedom and restraints on limited state, capitalism and free trade

Question 20

nationalism

Answer 20

spirits/aspirations common to whole country, loyalty, excessive patriotism, desire for national advancement/political independence, the best nation ideology

Question 21

What was the motivating force behind the French Revolution?

Answer 21

nationalism

Question 22

capitalism

Answer 22

economic systems that are maintained by private individuals

Question 23

Adam Smith’s “The Wealth of Nations” and its affect on society of the time

Answer 23

When? 1776
What?: a document that serves at the “bible of capitalism”, implemented laissez Faire ideologies, and encouraged free trade

wanted minimal government involvement in the economy

resulted in removal of corn laws in 1840s in Manchester

Question 24

Socialism

Answer 24

theory of social organization that feels means pf production distributing and exchange should be owned or regulated by the whole community

Question 25

Karl Marx theory on “scientific socialism”

Answer 25

When: 1818-1883
What: promised an international workers revolution, dictatorship of proletariat, abolition of private property and to have a “classless” utopia (nobody is better than another)

Question 26

When did the British start to gain control of the seas?

Answer 26

1805

Question 27

Victory of trafalgar

Answer 27

When: 1805
What: british navy rules victory in battle with a combined French and Spanish fleet
Why was it important?: showed British naval domination and control of the seas. became the dominant naval force for more than 100 years

Question 28

The ant-socialist laws

Answer 28

When: 1878-1890
What: aimed to reversed the growing power of the German social Democratic party

Question 29

Who opposed the German social Democratic Party?

Answer 29

German conservatives
middle class

Question 30

what were the only places in Africa before 1800s that weren’t colonized by Britain?

Answer 30

Liberia and Ethiopia

Question 31

why was there a dramatic expansion during the new imperialism?

Answer 31

A peaceful period from 1815-1914
The British had large naval powerful, was a means of security and stability to Britain and other countries
no war means colony can grow

Question 32

Pax Brittanica

Answer 32

When: est. 1815
what: the relative peace of the century

Question 33

when was the German empire stablished?

Answer 33

1871

Question 34

The 4 main ideas of the revival of imperialism in 19th century:

Answer 34

-economic reasons were paramount, expansion of industrialization creates higher demand
-Militaries grew as colonies expanded/grew. If nation had overseas colonies, it needed to be protected
-Cultural-self confidence, christianity as a path to salvation
-people of all ranks started to like the idea of having an empire

Question 35

Weltpolitik ideology

Answer 35

When:1891
What: aimed to transform germany into global power through aggressive diplomacy, acquisition of overseas armies and a powerful navy.

Result: aims could only be achieved at the expense of other colonial powers

Question 36

When did railways first start to become established?

Answer 36

1869-1885

Question 37

Why did “coaling stations” become a thing in the 19th century?

Answer 37

steamships for naval boats needed them

Question 38

Evolution of military guns(4 guns)

Answer 38

1. British brown Bess musket 1722-1860 (first gunpowder rifle)
2. breech-loading rifles 1841; higher range than before
3. brass casings 1870s/smokeless powder 1880s; fired up to 2400 yds

Question 39

When were the first machine guns? What were they called?

Answer 39

1862

US gatling Gun

Question 40

Social darwinism

Answer 40

social order is accounted as product of natural selection

Question 41

The opium wars

Answer 41

When: 1839-42 (1st war) 1856-60 (2nd war)
What happened: China didn’t want European goods that they were trading, finally Britain offers opium, they loved it. Opium was bad for china, enforces ban on opium in country, starts war

Question 42

The Boxer Rebellion

Answer 42

When: 1898-1901
What: an effort by Chinese peoples knows as “boxers” to drive all foreign groups out of China

result: China had to pay an indemnity

Question 43

The Indian Mutiny

Answer 43

When: 1857
What: A rebellion that sparked in India to end British ruling in India; their first war of independence

Ended the British East India Company