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Organizational Behaviour > midterm #1 > Flashcards

midterm #1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is organizational behaviour?

A
  • the study of human behaviour within organizations
  • focuses on how individuals and groups act in workplace settings.
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2
Q

what are the three key levels of organizational behaviour?

A
  1. individual level
  2. group level
  3. organizational level
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3
Q

what are the key components of OB at an individual level?

A
  • Personality
  • values
  • motivation
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4
Q

what are the key components of OB at a group level?

A
  • Communication
  • leadership
  • power &team dynamics
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5
Q

what are the key components of OB at an organizational level?

A
  • Culture
  • structure
  • change management
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6
Q

what is the importance of OB?

A

helps to…
- improve job performance
- enhance employee satisfaction
- promote innovation
- manage work-life balance

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7
Q

what is job performance?

A

The value of behaviours that positively/negatively impact organizational goals.

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8
Q

what are the dimensions of job performance?

A
  • task performance
  • citizenship behaviours
  • counterproductive work behaviours
  • measurement
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9
Q

what is task performance?

A

one of the dimensions of job performance:

How well employees perform their job tasks.

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10
Q

what are citizenship behaviours?

A

one of the dimensions of job performance - Voluntary actions that contribute to the organizational environment (e.g., helping colleagues).

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11
Q

what are counterproductive work behaviours?

A

one of the dimensions of job performance - Actions that harm the organization (e.g., absenteeism, theft).

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12
Q

how is job performance measured?

A
  • performance appraisals
  • key performance indicators (KPIs)
  • peer reviews.
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13
Q

what are the factors affecting job performance?

A
  • Individual ability
  • motivation
  • situational factors.
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14
Q

what is organizational commitment?

A

The emotional attachment, identification with, and involvement in an organization.

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15
Q

what are the types of commitment?

A
  • affective commitment
  • continuance commitment
  • normative commitment
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16
Q

what is affective commitment?

A

Emotional attachment to the organization.

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17
Q

what is continuance commitment?

A

The perceived cost of leaving the organization.

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18
Q

what is normative commitment?

A

A feeling of obligation to stay with the organization.

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19
Q

what is the impact of commitment?

A

High commitment leads to lower turnover and absenteeism, and higher job performance.

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20
Q

what is job satisfaction?

A

A pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job

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21
Q

what are the determinants of job satisfaction?

A

(Job Characteristics Model)
- Pay
- promotion opportunities
- coworkers
- supervision,
- the work itself

22
Q

what are the consequences of job satisfaction?

A

High job satisfaction leads to
- increased productivity
- organizational citizenship
- lower turnover

23
Q

what is stress?

A

A psychological response to demands that exceed a person’s capacity or resources.

24
Q

what are the types of stress?

A
  • challenge stressors
  • hindrance stressors
25
Q

what are challenge stressors?

A

one of the types of stress - Stressful demands that can be beneficial (e.g., workload, time pressure).

26
Q

what are hindrance stressors?

A

one of the types of stress - Demands that hinder personal achievement (e.g., role ambiguity, interpersonal conflict).

27
Q

what is stress management?

A

Techniques like time management, physical exercise, and relaxation methods.

28
Q

what are the Big 5 personality traits?

A
  1. openness to experience
  2. Conscientiousness
  3. Extraversion
  4. Agreeableness
  5. Neuroticism
29
Q

what impact does personality have on OB?

A

Different personality traits influence work behaviour and interaction with others.

30
Q

what are the different cultural values that impact OB?

A
  • Individualism vs. Collectivism
  • Power distance
  • Uncertainty avoidance
  • Masculinity vs. Femininity
  • Long-term vs. Short-term orientation
31
Q

what is individualism vs collectivism?

A

one of the cultural values affecting OB - Focus on individual achievements vs. group goals.

32
Q

what is power distance?

A

one of the cultural values affecting OB - Acceptance of hierarchical order.

33
Q

what is uncertainty avoidance?

A

one of the cultural values affecting OB - Comfort with ambiguity.

34
Q

what is Masculinity vs. Femininity?

A

one of the cultural values affecting OB - Competitive vs. nurturing environments.

35
Q

what is Long-term vs. Short-term orientation?

A

one of the cultural values affecting OB - Focus on future rewards vs. immediate results.

36
Q

what are the types of ability?

A
  • cognitive ability
  • emotional ability
  • physical ability
37
Q

what is cognitive ability?

A

Intelligence and problem-solving skills.

38
Q

what is emotional ability?

A

Awareness and regulation of emotions (emotional intelligence).

39
Q

what is physical ability?

A

Strength, endurance, coordination, etc., depending on job needs.

40
Q

what is motivation?

A

The set of forces that initiate and sustain effort towards a goal.

41
Q

what are the theories of motivation?

A
  • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
  • Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
  • Expectancy Theory
  • Goal-Setting Theory
  • Self-Determination Theory
42
Q

what is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A

one of the theories of motivation: Basic needs (e.g., food, safety) must be satisfied before higher-level needs (e.g., self-actualization).

43
Q

what is Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory?

A

one of the theories of motivation:

Hygiene factors (salary) prevent dissatisfaction and motivators (achievement) enhance satisfaction.

44
Q

what is the Expectancy Theory?

A

one of the motivation theories: Motivation depends on expectancy (effort will lead to performance), instrumentality (performance will lead to outcomes), and valence (the value of outcomes).

45
Q

what is the goal-setting theory?

A

one of the theories of motivation: Specific and challenging goals enhance performance.

46
Q

what is the Self-Determination Theory?

A

motivation driven by autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

47
Q

what are some forms of application of motivation in the workplace?

A
  • Designing jobs to maximize motivation
  • setting performance goals
  • creating reward systems
48
Q

what is openness to experience?

A

one of the Big 5 personality traits

Creativity and curiosity.

49
Q

what is Conscientiousness?

A

one of the Big 5 personality traits:

Dependability and discipline.

50
Q

what is Extraversion?

A

one of the Big 5 personality traits:

Sociability and assertiveness.

51
Q

what is Agreeableness?

A

one of the Big 5 personality traits:
Cooperation and warmth.

52
Q

what is Neuroticism?

A

one of the Big 5 personality traits:

Emotional instability and anxiety.

Organizational Behaviour (1 decks)

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