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Organizational Behaviour > final exam review > Flashcards

final exam review Flashcards

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1
Q

what is OB?

A

the study of human behaviour within organizations focusing on how individuals and groups act workplace settings

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2
Q

what are the key levels of OB?

A
  • individual
  • group level
  • organizational level
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3
Q

what is the individual level of OB?

A

personality, values motivation

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4
Q

what is the group level of OB?

A

communication, leadership, power, team dynamics

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5
Q

what is the organizational level of OB?

A

culture, structure, change in management

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6
Q

what is the importance of OB?

A

helps in improving job performance, enhancing employee satisfaction, promoting innovation and managing work-life balanace

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7
Q

what is job performance?

A

the value of the set of behaviours that contribute positively or negatively to organizational goals

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8
Q

what are the dimensions of job performance?

A
  • task performance
  • citizenship behaviour
  • counterproductive work behaviour
  • measurement
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9
Q

what is task performance?

A

how well employees perform their job tasks

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10
Q

what is citizenship behaviour?

A

voluntary actions that contribute to the organizational environment

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11
Q

what is counterproductive work behaviour?

A

actions that harm the organization

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12
Q

what is measurement?

A

how job performance is measured - through performance appraisals, key performance indicators (KPIs) and peer reviews

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13
Q

what factors affect job performance?

A
  • individual ability
  • motivation
  • situational factors
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14
Q

what is organizational commitment?

A

the emotional attachment, identification with, and investment in an organization

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15
Q

what are the types of organizational commitment?

A
  • affective
  • continuance
  • normative
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16
Q

what is affective commitment?

A

emotional attachment to the organization

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17
Q

what is continuance commitment?

A

the perceived cost of leaving the organization

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18
Q

what is normative commitment?

A

a feeling of obligation to stay with the organization

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19
Q

what is the impact of organizational commitment?

A

high commitment leads to lower turnover and absenteeism, and higher job performance

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20
Q

what is job satisfaction?

A

a pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job

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21
Q

what are the determinants of job satisfaction?

A
  • pay
  • promotion opportunities
  • coworkers
  • the work itself
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22
Q

what are the consequences of job satisfaction?

A
  • increased productivity
  • organizational citizenship
  • lower turnover
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23
Q

what is stress?

A

a psychological response to demands that posses certain stakes and tax or exceed a person’s capacity or resources

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24
Q

what is stress management?

A

techniques like time management, physical exercise and relaxation methods

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25
what are the types of stress?
- challenge stressors - hindrance stressors
26
what are challenge stressors?
stressful demands that can be beneficial (workload, time pressure)
27
what are hindrance stressors?
demands that hinder personal achievement (role ambiguity, interpersonal conflict)
28
what are the 5 big personality traits?
- openness to experience - conscientiousness - extraversion - agreeableness - neuroticism
29
what is openness to new experience?
creativity and curiosity
30
what is conscientiousness?
dependability and discipline
31
what is extraversion?
sociability and assertiveness
32
what is agreeableness?
cooperation and warmth
33
what is neuroticism?
emotional instability and anxiety
34
what is the impact of personality on OB?
different personality traits influence work behaviour and interaction with others
35
what are the types of cultural values?
- individualism vs collectivism - power distance - uncertainty avoidance - masculinity vs femininity - long-term vs short
36
what is individualism vs collectivism?
focus on personal achievements vs group goals
37
what is power distance?
acceptance of hierarchical order
38
what is uncertainty avoidance?
comfort with ambiguity
39
what is masculinity vs femininity?
competitive vs nurturing environment
40
what is long-term vs short-term orientation?
focus on future rewards vs immediate results
41
what are the types of ability?
- cognitive ability - emotional ability - physical ability
42
what is motivation?
the set of forces that initiate, direct, and sustain effort towards attaining a goal
43
what are the theories of motivation?
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs - herzbergs 2-factor theory - expectancy theory - goal-setting theory - self-determination theory
44
what is MAslow's hierarchy of needs?
basic needs (food, security) must be satisfied before higher level needs (self-actualization)
45
what is Herzberg's 2-factor theory?
hygiene factors (salary) prevent dissatisfaction, and motivators (achievements) enhance satisfaction
46
what is the expectancy theory?
motivation depends on expectancy (effort will lead to performance), instrumentality (performance will lead to outcomes), and valence (the value of outcomes)
47
what is self-determination theory?
focuses on intrinsic motivation driven by autonomy, competence and relatedness
48
how can motivation be applied in the workplace?
designing jobs to maximize motivation, setting performance goals and creating reward systems
49
what is trust?
the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations of their actions
50
what are the types of trust?
- disposition-based\ - cognition-based - affect-based
51
what is disposition-based trust?
trust stemming from personality traits
52
what is cognition-based trust?
trust based on rational assessment of a person's abilities, integrity and benevolence
53
what us affect-based trust?
trust rooted in emotional bonds
54
what is trust repair?
apologies, explanations, or demonstrating integrity over time
55
what are the types of justice?
- distributive - procedural - interpersonal - informational
56
what is distributive justice?
fairness in outcome distribution
57
what is procedural justice?
fairness in the processes used to make decisions
58
what is interpersonal justice?
treatment with respect and dignity
59
what is informational justice?
providing adequate and honest information
60
what are ethics?
the principles that govern decisions about what is right and wrong
61
what is the 4-component model of ethics?
1. moral awareness 2. moral judgment 3. moral intent 4. ethical behaviour
62
what are the learning theories?
- reinforcement theory - social learning theory
63
what is reinforcement theory?
learning through rewards and punishments
64
what is social learning theory?
learning through observing others
65
what are the types of knowledge?
- explicit - tacit
66
what is explicit knowledge?
easily communicated and taught
67
what is tacit knowledge?
gained through experience and not easily taught
68
what are the methods of decision-making?
- programmed vs non-programmed decisions - rational decision-making model
69
what are programmed decisions?
routine/repetitive decisions made using established rules, procedures or guidelines
70
what are non-programmed decisions?
unique, unstructured decisions that require custom solutions and rely on judgment, creativity and problem-solving skills
71
what is the rational decision-making model?
1. identify problem 2. generate alternatives 3. evaluate 4. select best option 5. implement
72
what are the types of power?
- legitimate - reward - coercive - expert - referent
73
what is legitimate power?
authority based on a formal position in an organization
74
what is reward power?
the ability to provide incentives/ rewards
75
what is coercive power?
ability to enforce compliance through threat/punishment
76
what is expert power?
influence derived from possessing specialized knowledge or expertise
77
what is referent power?
influence based on personality traits or the respect/admiration of others
78
what are effective influence tactics?
- rational persuasion - consultation - collaboration
79
what are least effective influence tactics?
- pressure - coalitions
80
what are the stages of negotiation?
1. preparation 2. exchange 3. bargaining 4. closing
81
what are the negotiation strategies?
- distributive bargaining - integrative bargaining
82
what is distributive bargaining?
- zero-sum - win-lose
83
what is integrative bargaining?
- collaborative - win-win
84
what are the types of teams?
- work - management - project - action - parallel
85
what are the stages of team development?
1. forming 2. storming 3. norming 4. performing 5. adjourning
86
what are the team processes?
- task - interpersonal
87
what are task processes?
creative tasks and decision making
88
what are interpersonal processes?
conflict management, motivation building
89
what is social loafing?
when individuals contribute less in a group
90
what are the types of leadership?
- transactional - transformational - laissez-faire
91
what is transactional leadership?
focuses on exchanges and rewards
92
what is transformational leadership?
inspires followers with vision and charisma
93
what is laissez-faire leadership?
absence of leadership
94
what are types of leadership behaviours?
- task-oriented - relationship oriented
95
what are task-oriented leadership behaviours?
goal achievement focus
96
what are relationship oriented leadership behaviours?
emphasis on people and support
97
what are the layers of organizational culture?
- observable artifacts (symbols rituals) - espoused values (stated values) - basic underlying assumptions (sub-conscious beliefs)
98
what are the methods of changing workplace culture?
- leadership changes - training programs - mergers/acquisitions
99
what is Lewin's change model?
1. unfreeze 2. change 3. refreeze

Organizational Behaviour (2 decks)

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