Midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

AChR agonist

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2
Q

Noradrenaline

A

adrenoceptor agonist

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3
Q

Adrenaline

A

adrenoceptor agonist
cardiac stimulator, α vasoconstrictor, β2 vasodilator

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4
Q

Muscarine

A

mAChR agonist

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5
Q

Nicotine

A

nAChR agonist

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6
Q

Amphetamine

A

indirect sympathomimetic
release of catecholamines from vesicles

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7
Q

Methylphenidate

A

indirect acting sympathomimetic
substrate for catecholamine transporters = reverse transport of catecholamines into synapse

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8
Q

Cocaine

A

indirect sympathomimetic
prevents uptake of catecholamines = longer action in synapse

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9
Q

TCA

A

indirect sympathomimetic
prevents uptake of catecholamines = longer action in synapse

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10
Q

Atropine

A

mAChR antagonist
similar effects to scopolamine

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11
Q

Carbachol

A

AChR agonist
choline ester → both n + m

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12
Q

Malathion

A

anticholinesterase
organophosphate
insecticide

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13
Q

Succinylcholine

A

nAChR antagonist

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14
Q

Isoprenaline

A

B agonist
β1 = cardiac stimulator
β2 = vasodilator

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15
Q

Tyramine

A

indirect sympathomimetic
releases catecholamines from vesicles

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16
Q

Dobutamine

A

β1 agonist

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17
Q

Salbutamol

A

β2 agonist (short acting)
tx for asthma

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18
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Sudafed
α1 agonist
tx for nasal congestion

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19
Q

Phentolamine

A

α antagonist

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20
Q

Prazosin

A

α1 antagonist

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21
Q

Metoprolol

A

β1 selective blocker

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22
Q

Propanolol

A

non selective β blocker

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23
Q

Clonidine

A

α2 agonist

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24
Q

Yohimbine

A

α2 antagonist

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25
Q

Salmeterol

A

long acting β2 agonist
8-12 hr duration
also formoterol
taken in addition to glucocorticoids

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26
Q

Theophylline

A

bronchodilator
inhibits phosphodiesterase = ↑ cAMP
tx for asthma

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27
Q

Montelukast

A

bronchodilator
CysLT1 antagonist
tx for asthma

28
Q

Zafirlukast

A

bronchodilator
CysLT1 antagonist
tx for asthma

29
Q

Beclometasone

A

glucocorticoid = anti-inflammatory
inhaled tx for asthma

30
Q

Budesonide

A

glucocorticoid = anti-inflammatory
inhaled tx for asthma

31
Q

Omalizumab

A

monoclonal anti IgE antibody
tx for asthma

32
Q

DOPA

A

precursor to dopamine
dopa decarboxylase converts DOPA to DA

33
Q

Dopamine

A

catecholamine
cannot cross BBB

34
Q

Levodopa

A

tx of PD
metabolic precursor of DA - can cross BBB
enhance synthesis of DA in striatum

35
Q

Carbidopa

A

tx of PD
does not cross BBB, given in combination with Levodopa
inhibits dopa decarboxylase in periperal tissues

36
Q

Bromocriptine

A

dopamine agonist
ergo alkaloid; partial agonist at D2 receptors
tx of PD

37
Q

Pramipexole

A

dopamine agonist
high affinity for D3 receptor
tx of PD

38
Q

Ropinirole

A

dopamine agonist
high affinity for D2 receptor
tx of PD
metabolized by hepatic CYP1A2

39
Q

Selegiline

A

selective MAO(B) inhibitor
tx of PD in combo with levodopa
(rasagiline - more potent)

40
Q

Entacapone

A

peripheral COMT inhibitor
tx of PD

41
Q

Tolcapone

A

central + peripheral COMT inhibitor
tx of PD

42
Q

Phenytoin

A

tx of tonic-clonic + focal seizures
sodium channel blocker

43
Q

Phenobarbital

A

back-up/adjunctive antiseizure drug
barbiturate
inhibits NMDA receptors

44
Q

Ethosuximide

A

tx of absence seizures

45
Q

Carbamazepine

A

tx of tonic-clonic + focal seizures
sodium channel blocker

46
Q

Lamotrigine

A

tx of myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic + focal seizures
sodium channel blocker

47
Q

Valproate

A

tx of myoclonic and absence seizures
facilitates inhibitory actions of GABA
sodium channel blocker - blocks GABA transaminase + promotes effect on NMDA receptor

48
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

diazepam, lorazepam
Clonazepam: myoclonic seizures

49
Q

Topiramate

A

back-up/adjunctive antiseizure drug
facilitates inhibitory actions of GABA

50
Q

Felbamate

A

back-up/adjunctive antiseizure drug
facilitates inhibitory actions of GABA
inhibition of NMDA receptors

51
Q

Vigabitrin

A

back-up/adjunctive antiseizure drug
inhibitor of GABA catabolism

52
Q

Benztropine

A

antimuscarinics
tx of PD
(biperiden)

53
Q

Amantadine

A

increases DA availability
presynaptic = ↑ biosynthesis
postsynaptic = ↑ D2 receptor activation
tx of PD

54
Q

Mepolizumab

A

also Reslizumab
IL-5 inhibitors
tx of eosinophilic asthma

55
Q

Timolol

A

topical β blocker
tx of glaucoma
↓ secretion of aqueous humour from ciliary body

56
Q

Pilocarpine

A

cholinergic agonist (M3)
tx of glaucoma
↑ ciliary contraction = ↑ outflow of fluid

57
Q

Echothiphate

A

anticholinesterase
tx of glaucoma
↑ ciliary muscle contraction
also physostigmine

58
Q

Aproclonidine

A

vasoconstrictor
similar to adrenaline
tx of glaucoma
↓ blood flow = ↓ secretion

59
Q

cannabinoids

A

tx of glaucoma
↓ IOP via Gi CB1 receptor
similar to anadamide

60
Q

Ipratropium

A

tx of COPD
inhaled anticholinergic - nicotinic antagonist
inhibits M3 bronchoconstriction

Tiotropium = longer duration

61
Q

Roflumilast

A

long acting inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4
tx of COPD
reduces inflammation

62
Q

Butyrophenone + phenothiazine

A

antipsychotic drugs - block brain DA receptors
= causes parkinsonian sx

63
Q

Reserpine

A

causes parkinsonian sx
through depletion of brain DA

64
Q

MPTP

A

byproduct of synthesis of meperidine analog
causes irreversible parkinsonism syndrome
damage of dopaminergic neurons in nigrostriatal tract

65
Q

Gabapentin

A

back up and adjunctive anti-seizure drug
calcium channel blocker: blocks t-type low voltage activity in thalamus

66
Q

Perampanel

A

back-up and adjunctive antiseizure drug
inhibits AMPA receptors