Midterm 1 Flashcards
Acetylcholine
AChR agonist
Noradrenaline
adrenoceptor agonist
Adrenaline
adrenoceptor agonist
cardiac stimulator, α vasoconstrictor, β2 vasodilator
Muscarine
mAChR agonist
Nicotine
nAChR agonist
Amphetamine
indirect sympathomimetic
release of catecholamines from vesicles
Methylphenidate
indirect acting sympathomimetic
substrate for catecholamine transporters = reverse transport of catecholamines into synapse
Cocaine
indirect sympathomimetic
prevents uptake of catecholamines = longer action in synapse
TCA
indirect sympathomimetic
prevents uptake of catecholamines = longer action in synapse
Atropine
mAChR antagonist
similar effects to scopolamine
Carbachol
AChR agonist
choline ester → both n + m
Malathion
anticholinesterase
organophosphate
insecticide
Succinylcholine
nAChR antagonist
Isoprenaline
B agonist
β1 = cardiac stimulator
β2 = vasodilator
Tyramine
indirect sympathomimetic
releases catecholamines from vesicles
Dobutamine
β1 agonist
Salbutamol
β2 agonist (short acting)
tx for asthma
Phenylephrine
Sudafed
α1 agonist
tx for nasal congestion
Phentolamine
α antagonist
Prazosin
α1 antagonist
Metoprolol
β1 selective blocker
Propanolol
non selective β blocker
Clonidine
α2 agonist
Yohimbine
α2 antagonist
Salmeterol
long acting β2 agonist
8-12 hr duration
also formoterol
taken in addition to glucocorticoids
Theophylline
bronchodilator
inhibits phosphodiesterase = ↑ cAMP
tx for asthma
Montelukast
bronchodilator
CysLT1 antagonist
tx for asthma
Zafirlukast
bronchodilator
CysLT1 antagonist
tx for asthma
Beclometasone
glucocorticoid = anti-inflammatory
inhaled tx for asthma
Budesonide
glucocorticoid = anti-inflammatory
inhaled tx for asthma
Omalizumab
monoclonal anti IgE antibody
tx for asthma
DOPA
precursor to dopamine
dopa decarboxylase converts DOPA to DA
Dopamine
catecholamine
cannot cross BBB
Levodopa
tx of PD
metabolic precursor of DA - can cross BBB
enhance synthesis of DA in striatum
Carbidopa
tx of PD
does not cross BBB, given in combination with Levodopa
inhibits dopa decarboxylase in periperal tissues
Bromocriptine
dopamine agonist
ergo alkaloid; partial agonist at D2 receptors
tx of PD
Pramipexole
dopamine agonist
high affinity for D3 receptor
tx of PD
Ropinirole
dopamine agonist
high affinity for D2 receptor
tx of PD
metabolized by hepatic CYP1A2
Selegiline
selective MAO(B) inhibitor
tx of PD in combo with levodopa
(rasagiline - more potent)
Entacapone
peripheral COMT inhibitor
tx of PD
Tolcapone
central + peripheral COMT inhibitor
tx of PD
Phenytoin
tx of tonic-clonic + focal seizures
sodium channel blocker
Phenobarbital
back-up/adjunctive antiseizure drug
barbiturate
inhibits NMDA receptors
Ethosuximide
tx of absence seizures
Carbamazepine
tx of tonic-clonic + focal seizures
sodium channel blocker
Lamotrigine
tx of myoclonic seizures, tonic-clonic + focal seizures
sodium channel blocker
Valproate
tx of myoclonic and absence seizures
facilitates inhibitory actions of GABA
sodium channel blocker - blocks GABA transaminase + promotes effect on NMDA receptor
Benzodiazepines
diazepam, lorazepam
Clonazepam: myoclonic seizures
Topiramate
back-up/adjunctive antiseizure drug
facilitates inhibitory actions of GABA
Felbamate
back-up/adjunctive antiseizure drug
facilitates inhibitory actions of GABA
inhibition of NMDA receptors
Vigabitrin
back-up/adjunctive antiseizure drug
inhibitor of GABA catabolism
Benztropine
antimuscarinics
tx of PD
(biperiden)
Amantadine
increases DA availability
presynaptic = ↑ biosynthesis
postsynaptic = ↑ D2 receptor activation
tx of PD
Mepolizumab
also Reslizumab
IL-5 inhibitors
tx of eosinophilic asthma
Timolol
topical β blocker
tx of glaucoma
↓ secretion of aqueous humour from ciliary body
Pilocarpine
cholinergic agonist (M3)
tx of glaucoma
↑ ciliary contraction = ↑ outflow of fluid
Echothiphate
anticholinesterase
tx of glaucoma
↑ ciliary muscle contraction
also physostigmine
Aproclonidine
vasoconstrictor
similar to adrenaline
tx of glaucoma
↓ blood flow = ↓ secretion
cannabinoids
tx of glaucoma
↓ IOP via Gi CB1 receptor
similar to anadamide
Ipratropium
tx of COPD
inhaled anticholinergic - nicotinic antagonist
inhibits M3 bronchoconstriction
Tiotropium = longer duration
Roflumilast
long acting inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4
tx of COPD
reduces inflammation
Butyrophenone + phenothiazine
antipsychotic drugs - block brain DA receptors
= causes parkinsonian sx
Reserpine
causes parkinsonian sx
through depletion of brain DA
MPTP
byproduct of synthesis of meperidine analog
causes irreversible parkinsonism syndrome
damage of dopaminergic neurons in nigrostriatal tract
Gabapentin
back up and adjunctive anti-seizure drug
calcium channel blocker: blocks t-type low voltage activity in thalamus
Perampanel
back-up and adjunctive antiseizure drug
inhibits AMPA receptors