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BTMA 317 > Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Flashcards

Weeks 1-6

1
Q

What is a business process?

A

Ongoing collection of related activities or tasks that in a specific sequence create a product or service of value to the organization

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2
Q

Inputs

A

Materials, services, and information that flow through and are transported as a result of a process

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2
Q

Resources

A

People and equipment that perform processes

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2
Q

Outputs

A

Product or service created by the process

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2
Q

Effectiveness

A

Focuses on creating outputs of value to the process customer

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2
Q

Procurement Process

A

All tasks involved in acquiring needed materials externally from a vendor

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3
Q

Efficiency

A

Focuses on doing things without wasting resource

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3
Q

Firm areas involved with procurement

A
  1. Warehouse
  2. Purchasing
  3. Accounting
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3
Q

Procurement step 3

A

Vendor ships the material to the warehouse

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3
Q

Procurement step 1

A

Warehouse sends a purchase requisition form to purchasing

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3
Q

Procurement step 2

A

Purchasing department creates a purchase order based upon the requisition

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4
Q

Procurement step 4

A

Vendor sends an invoice to the accounting department

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5
Q

Procurement step 5

A

Accounting sends payment to vendor

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5
Q

Fulfillment step 1

A

Purchase order sent to the sales department

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5
Q

Fulfillment process

A

Concerned with processing customer orders

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5
Q

Fulfillment step 2

A

Sales creates a sales order

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6
Q

Sales order

A

Communicates data related to the order to other functional areas in the organization

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7
Q

Fulfillment step 3

A

Warehouse prepares and sends shipment

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8
Q

Fulfillment step 4

A

Accounting creates an invoice once it is notified of shipment

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9
Q

Fulfillment step 5

A

Customer pays the invoice which is recorded by accounting

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10
Q

When does a business process create a competitive advantage?

A

When the company innovates or is more effective and efficient than competitors

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11
Q

When does a business process create a liability

A

If they make the company less responsive

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12
Q

Customer satisfaction

A

The result of optimizing operations and supplier processes

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13
Q

Cost reduction

A

The result of optimizing operations and supplier processes

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14
Q

Cycle and fulfillment time reduction

A

The result of optimizing the manufacturing and logistics processes

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15
Q

Quality

A

The result of optimizing the marketing and innovation processes

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16
Q

Differentiation

A

The result of optimizing the marketing and innovation processes

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17
Q

Productivity

A

The result of optimizing each individual work process

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18
Q

Business process re-engineering (BPR)

A

A radical redesign of a business process that improves its efficiency and effectiveness. Begins from scratch

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19
Q

Business process improvement

A

Focuses on reducing variation in the process outputs by finding the root cause of the variation

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20
Q

Phases of the BPI Project

A

DMAIC

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21
Q

Define phase (BPI)

A

BPI team documents the existing “as is” process activities, process resources, and process inputs and outputs

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22
Q

Measure phase (BPI)

A

BPI team identifies relevant process metrics and collects data to understand how the metrics evolve over time

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23
Q

Analysis phase (BPI)

A

BPI examines the process map and the collected data to identify problems with the process and the root cause

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24
Q

Improve phase (BPI)

A

BPI team identifies possible solutions for addressing the root causes and maps the “to be” alternatives

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25
Q

Control phase (BPI)

A

The team establishes process metrics and monitors the improved process after the solution

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26
Q

Business Process Management (BPM)

A

Management system that includes methods and tools to support the continuous health of core business processes

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27
Q

Process modelling

A

Graphical depiction of all steps in a process. Important component of BPM

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28
Q

Business Activity Monitoring (BAM)

A

Real-time approach for measuring and managing business processes

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29
Q

True or false: BAM tracks operations and indicates their success

A

True

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30
Q

Business process management suites

A

Set of applications that includes process maps, business rules, and tools for process modelling

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31
Q

Social BPM

A

Technology that enables employees to collaborate, using social media tools on wired and mobile platforms

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32
Q

Make-to-order

A

Producing customized products

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33
Q

Mass production

A

Producing a large quantity of identical items

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34
Q

Mass customization

A

A company produces a large quantity of items, but customizes them to meet the needs of individual customers

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35
Q

Competitive strategy

A

Statement that identifies a business’s approach to compete, its goals, and the plans and policies that will be required to carry out

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36
Q

Strategic Information Systems (SISs)

A

Provide a competitive advantage by helping an organization to implement its strategic goals and improve its performance and productivity

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37
Q

Force 1 (Porters Five Forces)

A

The threat of entry of new competitors

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38
Q

Entry barrier

A

A product or service feature that customers have learned to expect from organizations

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39
Q

Force 2 (Porters Five Forces)

A

The bargaining power of suppliers

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40
Q

Force 3 (Porters Five Forces)

A

The bargaining power of customers

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41
Q

Force 4 (Porters Five Forces)

A

The threat of substitute products or services

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42
Q

Force 5 (Porters Five Forces)

A

The rivalry among existing firms in the industry

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43
Q

Value Chain

A

Sequence of activities through which the organizations inputs are transformed into valuable outputs

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44
Q

Value Chain Model

A

Identifies points for which an organization can use information technology to achieve a competitive advantage

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45
Q

Primary Activities

A

Relate to the production and distribution of the firm’s products and services

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46
Q

Support activities

A

Do not add value to the firm’s products or services. Contribute to the firm’s competitive advantage by supporting primary activities

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47
Q

Sequence of primary activities

A
  1. Inbound logistics (inputs)
  2. Operations (manufacturing and testing)
  3. Outbound logistics (Storage and distribution)
  4. Marketing and Sales
  5. Services
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48
Q

How value is added to products?

A
  1. Materials are processed
  2. Raw materials are turned into products
  3. Products are prepared for delivery
  4. Marketing and sales sell the products
  5. Company performs after-sales service
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49
Q

Support activity examples

A
  1. The firm’s infrastructure (accounting, finance, and management)
  2. Human resource management
  3. Product and technology development (R&D)
  4. Procurement
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50
Q

Value system

A

AKA industry value chain. Includes the suppliers that provide inputs necessary to the firm along with their value chains

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51
Q

Cost leadership strategy

A

Produce products and services at the lowest cost in the industry

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52
Q

Differentiation strategy

A

Offer different products, services, or product features than competition

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53
Q

Innovation strategy

A

Introduce new products and services, add new features, or develop new ways to produce them

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54
Q

Operational effectiveness strategy

A

Improve the manner in which a firm executres its internal business processes

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55
Q

Customer orientation strategy

A

Concentrate on making customers happy

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56
Q

Business information technology alignment

A

Tight integration of the IT function with the organization’s strategy, mission, and goals

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57
Q

Characteristics of excellent Business-IT Alignment

A
  1. Organizations view IT as an engine of innovation
  2. Organizations view their internal and external customers and customer service functions as important
  3. Organizations rotate business and IT professionals across departments
  4. Organizations provide overarching goals that are clear to IT and business employees
  5. Organization ensure that IT employees understand how the company makes money
  6. Organizations have a vibrant company culture
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58
Q

Data Governance

A

Formal set of processes and policies that are designed to ensure that data are handled in a well-defined fasion

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59
Q

Master data management

A

Process that spans all of an organization’s processes and applications

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60
Q

Master data

A

Includes:
- Customer
- Product
-Employee
- Vendor
- Location

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61
Q

Transactional data

A

Describes the businesses activities

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62
Q

Data file

A

collection of logically related records

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63
Q

Problems solved by databases

A
  • Data redundancy
  • Data isolation
  • Data inconsistency
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64
Q

Data redundancy

A

The same data stored in multiple locations

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65
Q

Data isolation

A

Applications cannot access data associated with other applications

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66
Q

Data inconsistency

A

Various copies of the data do not agree

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67
Q

Advantages of databases

A

Maximized data security, integrity, and independence

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68
Q

Data security

A

Databases must have a very high security to minimizes a lot of data being lost

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69
Q

Data integrity

A

Data meets certain constraints

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70
Q

Data independence

A

Applications and data are not linked so all applications are able to access the same data

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71
Q

Database management system (DBMS)

A

Set of programs that provide tools to create and manage a database

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72
Q

Relational database model

A

Based on the concept of two-dimensional tables. Each table contains records and attributes

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73
Q

Data model

A

Diagram that represents entities in the database and their relationships

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74
Q

Entity

A

Person, place, thing, or an event about which an organization maintains information

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75
Q

Instance

A

Each row in a relational table which is a specific representation of the entity

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76
Q

Attribute

A

Each characteristic or quality of a particular entity

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77
Q

Primary key

A

A field or attribute of a record that uniquely identifies the record so it can be retrieved, updated, and sorted

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78
Q

Secondary key

A

A field with some identifying information but does not identify the record with complete accuracy

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79
Q

Foreign key

A

A field in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table

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80
Q

Structured data

A

Highly organized data in fixed fields in a data repository. Must be defined in terms of field name and type

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81
Q

Unstructured data

A

Data that does not reside in traditional relational databases. Includes: emails, word documents, PowerPoints, web pages.

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82
Q

Big data

A

Collection of data that is so large and complex it is difficult to manage using traditional systems

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83
Q

Big data characteristics

A
  • Volume
  • Velocity
  • Variety
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84
Q

Dirty Data

A

Inaccurate, incomplete, incorrect, duplicate, or erroneous data

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85
Q

Massively parallel processing

A

Coordinated processing of an application by multiple processors that work on different parts of the application

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86
Q

Data warehouse

A

Repository of historical data that are organized by subject to support decision makers within the organization

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87
Q

Data mart

A

Low-cost, scaled-down version of a data warehouse that is designed for end-user needs

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88
Q

Characteristics of data warehouses and marts

A
  • Organized by business dimension or subject
  • Use online analytical processing
  • Integrated
  • Time variant
  • Non-volatile
  • Multidimensional
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89
Q

Meta Data

A

Data that describes and gives information about other data

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90
Q

Data lake

A

Central repository that stores all of an organization’s data, regardless of source or format

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91
Q

Knowledge management

A

Process that helps organizations manipulate important knowledge that makes up part of the organization’s memory

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92
Q

Knowledge

A

Information that is contextual, relevant, and useful

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93
Q

Explicit knowledge

A

Objective, rational, and technical knowledge

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94
Q

Tacit knowledge

A

Cumulative store of subjective or experiential learning. Imprecise and costly to transfer

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95
Q

Knowledge management systems

A

The use of modern information technologies to expedite the knowledge management both within one firm and among multiple firms

96
Q

Best practices

A

Most effective and efficient ways of accomplishing processes

97
Q

KMS Cycle

A
  1. Create knowledge
  2. Capture knowledge
  3. Refine knowledge
  4. Store knowledge
  5. Manage knowledge
  6. Disseminate knowledge
98
Q

Cloud computing

A

Type of computing that delivers convenient, on-demand, pay-as-you-go access for multiple customers to a shared pool of configurable computing resources

99
Q

On-premises computing

A

Organizations own their IT infrastructure and maintain it in their data centres

100
Q

Grid computing

A

Pools various hardware and software components to create a single IT environment with shared resources

101
Q

Utility computing

A

A service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to a customer as needed

102
Q

Server farms

A

Massive data centres

103
Q

Server virtualization

A

Uses software-based partitions to create multiple virtual servers on a single physical server

104
Q

Public clouds

A

Shared, easily accessible, multicustomer IT infrastructures that are available to any entity in the general public

105
Q

Private clouds

A

IT infrastructures that can be accessed only by a single entity or by an exclusive group of related entities that share the same purpose and requirements

106
Q

Hybrid clouds

A

Composed of public and private clouds that remain unique entities, but are tightly integrated.

107
Q

Vertical clouds

A

Building cloud infrastructure and applications for different businesses

108
Q

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

A

Cloud computing providers offer remotely accessible servers, networks, and storage capacity

109
Q

Platform as a service (PaaS)

A

Customers rent servers, operating systems, storage, a database, software development technologies, and network capacities. Allows running existing applications and develop new ones

110
Q

Software as a service (Saas)

A

Cloud computing vendors provide software that is specific to their customers’ requirements. Most widely used service model and provides a broad range of software applications

111
Q

Cloud computing advantages

A
  1. Positive impact on employees
  2. Can save money
  3. Can improve organizational flexibility and competitiveness
112
Q

Cloud computing risks

A
  1. Legacy IT systems are not easily transferred
  2. Reliability
  3. Privacy
  4. Security
  5. Regulatory and legal environment
  6. Criminal use of cloud computing
113
Q

Service-oriented architecture (SOA)

A

Collection of web services that are used to build a firm’s IT applications

114
Q

Extensible markup language (XML)

A

Computer language that makes it easier to exchange data among a variety of applications and to validate and interpret these data

115
Q

Hypertext markup language (HTML)

A

Page-description language for specifying how things are placed on a web page

116
Q

Transaction

A

Any business event that generates data worthy of being captured and stored

117
Q

Transaction processing system (TPS)

A

Supports the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization’s basic business transactions

118
Q

Batch processing

A

The firm collects data from transactions as they occur, placing them in groups, or batches

119
Q

Online transaction processing (OLTP)

A

Business transactions are processed online as soon as they occur

120
Q

Functional area information system (FAIS)

A

Supports a particular functional area in the organization by increasing each area’s internal efficiency and effectiveness

121
Q

Computer-integrated manufacturing

A

Approach that integrates various automated factory systems

122
Q

CIM Goals

A
  1. Simply all manufacturing technologies
  2. Automatic as many manufacturing processes as possible
  3. Integrate and coordinate all aspects of design, manufacturing, and related functions
123
Q

Product life cycle management

A

Management of a product through its lifecycle

124
Q

Routine reports

A

Reports produced on scheduled intervals

125
Q

Ad hoc (on-demand) reports

A

Out of routine reports

126
Q

Drill-down report

A

Report with a greater level of detail

127
Q

Key indicator research

A

Summarize the performance of critical activities

128
Q

Comparative reports

A

Compare performance of different business units or of a single unit during different times

129
Q

Exception reports

A

Include only information that falls outside certain threshold standards

130
Q

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

A

Software that manages and integrates essential parts of the business

131
Q

Why were ERP II systems developed

A

Early ERP systems did not extend to other functional areas (sales and marketing) and did not include any CRM capabilities

132
Q

ERP II Systems

A

Interorganizational ERP systems that provide web-enabled links among a company’s key business systems

133
Q

ERP Benefits

A
  1. Organizational flexibility
  2. Decision support
  3. Quality and efficiency
134
Q

ERP Limitations

A
  1. Companies may need to alter processes to fit ERP best practices
  2. Systems can be very complex, expensive, and time consuming to implement
135
Q

Types of on-premise ERP implementations

A
  1. Vanilla approach
  2. Custom approach
  3. Best-of-breed approach
136
Q

The vanilla approach

A

Company implements a standard ERP package using the package’s built-in configuration options

137
Q

The custom approach

A

Company implements a more customized ERP system by developing new ERP functions designed specifically for that firm

138
Q

Best-of-breed Approach

A

Combines the benefits of the vanilla and customized systems while avoiding the costs avoided with complete customization.

139
Q

Advantages of cloud based ERP

A
  1. Used anywhere
  2. Avoid initial software and hardware expenses
  3. Scalable
140
Q

Disadvantages of cloud based ERP

A
  1. Less secure
  2. Less control
141
Q

Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) System

A

Connects existing systems to applications through middlewhere

142
Q

Cross-departmental process

A

A process that involves other departments. Supported by ERP

143
Q

Procurement process

A

Begins with the need to acquire goods or services and ends when the company receives them

144
Q

Procurement steps

A
  1. Warehouse produces a purchase requisition
  2. Purchase requisition is sent to Purchasing which produces a purchase order
  3. Warehouse receives order and checks to make sure the delivery matches the order
  4. Warehouse issues a goods receipt document
  5. Accounting receives a supplier invoice and checks for a three-way match
  6. After accounting verifies the match, it processes payment and sends it to the vendor
145
Q

Three-way match

A

A check to make sure that the PO, goods received document, and supplier invoice match

146
Q

Goods received document

A

States whether the shipment received matches the PO

147
Q

Order fulfillment process

A

Process in which a company sells goods to a customer

148
Q

Order fulfillment steps

A
  1. Sales receives a customer inquiry
  2. Sales provides a quotation
  3. Sales creates a purchase order and a sales order
  4. Sales forwards sales order to the warehouse
  5. Warehouse prepares the shipment and produces the picking document and the packing list
  6. Accounting issues an invoice for the customer
  7. Process concludes when accounting receives a payment that is consistent with the invoice
149
Q

Sales order

A

Provides detail of quantity, price, and other product characteristics

150
Q

Picking document

A

Used to remove goods from the warehouse

151
Q

Packing list

A

Accompanies the shipment and provides delivery details

152
Q

Production process

A

Process in which a company makes physical goods

153
Q

Production process strategies

A
  1. Make-to-stock
  2. Make-to-order
154
Q

Make-to-stock

A

Occurs when the company produces goods to create or increase an inventory

155
Q

Make-to-order

A

Occurs when production is generated by a specific customer order

156
Q

Production steps

A
  1. Warehouse issues a planned order and sends it to production
  2. Production receives the planned order and issues a production order
  3. Production generates a material withdrawal slip and sends it to the warehouse
  4. If the parts are available in the warehouse they are sent to production. If the parts aren’t available they are procured
  5. Production creates the products and updates the production order to send units to the warehouse
  6. Warehouse issues a goods receipt
157
Q

Production order

A

Written authorization to start production of a product

158
Q

Material withdrawal slip

A

Lists all of the needed parts needed

159
Q

Goods receipt document

A

Certifies how many units of a product it received that are available for sale

160
Q

Customer relationship management (CRM)

A

Organizations concentrate on assessing customers’ requirements for products and services and then provide a high-quality service

161
Q

Customer touch points

A

Interaction between customer and organization

162
Q

Collaboration CRM Systems

A

Provide effective and efficient interactive communication with the customers throughout the entire organization

163
Q

Customer identify management

A

A marketing technology that creates a complete view of a customer across an organization

164
Q

Operational CRM systems

A

The component of CRM that supports front-office business processes

165
Q

Front-office processes

A

Those that directly interact with customers (sales, marketing, service)

166
Q

Major components of operation CRM

A
  1. Customer-facing applications
  2. Customer touching applications
167
Q

Customer-facing CRM applications

A

Areas in which customers directly interact with the organization, including customer service and support

168
Q

Customer Interaction Centres (CIC)

A

Organizational representatives use multiple channels to communicate with customers

169
Q

Salesforce automation (SFA)

A

Component of an operational CRM system that automatically records all of the components in a sales transaction process

170
Q

Customer-touching CRM applications

A

Applications and technologies with which customers interact and typically help themselves

171
Q

Analytical CRM systems

A

Provide business intelligence by analyzing customer behaviour and perceptions

172
Q

ON-demand CRM system

A

One that is hosted by an external vendor in the vendor’s data centre

173
Q

Mobile CRM system

A

Interacting directly with customers through portable devices like smartphones

174
Q

Open-Source CRM systems

A

Provides CRM systems that are favourably priced, and highly customizable

175
Q

Social CRM

A

Use of social media technology and services to enable organizations to engage their customers

176
Q

Real-time CRM

A

A system that allows for organizations to respond to customers 27/7/365

177
Q

Supply chain

A

Flow from raw material suppliers, through factories and warehouses, and to the end customers

178
Q

Supply chain visibility

A

The ability of all organizations in a supply chain to access or view data on purchased materials

179
Q

Upstream supply chain

A

Where sourcing or procurement from external suppliers occurs

180
Q

Internal supply chain

A

Where packaging, assembly, or manufacturing takes place

181
Q

Downstream supply chain

A

Where distribution takes place, frequently by external distributors

182
Q

Supply chain management (SCM)

A

Improves the processes a company uses to acquire the raw materials needed to produce a product or service

183
Q

Components of SCM

A
  1. Plan
  2. Source
  3. Make
  4. Deliver
  5. Return
184
Q

Interorganizational Information Systems (IOS)

A

Information flows among two or more organizations

185
Q

Push model

A

Make-to-stock. Organization must forecast demand

186
Q

Pull model

A

Make-to-order. Companies only make what the customers want

187
Q

Bullwhip effect

A

Erratic shifts in orders up and down the supply chain

188
Q

Vertical integration

A

Business strategy in which a company purchases upstream suppliers to ensure suppliers are available as needed

189
Q

Just-in-time (JIT) inventory system

A

Supplier delivers the exact amount of parts to be assembled at the perfect time

190
Q

Vendor-managed inventory (VMI)

A

Occurs when the supplier manages the inventory process

191
Q

Electronic data interchange (EDI)

A

Communication standard that enables business partners to exchange documents electronically

192
Q

Extranets

A

Link business partners over the internet by providing access to certain areas of each other’s corporate intranets

193
Q

Procurement portals

A

Automate business processes involved in purchasing or procuring products between a buyer and suppliers

194
Q

Distribution portals

A

Automate the business processes involved in selling or distributing products from a single supplier to multiple buyers

195
Q

Application portfolio

A

List of existing and potential IT applications

196
Q

IT Strategic Plan

A

Set of long-range goals that describe the IT infrastructure and identify the major IT initiatives

197
Q

Objectives of the IT strategic plan

A
  1. Aligned with organization’s strategic plan
  2. Must provide IT architecture that networks users, applications, and databases
  3. Must efficiently allocate IS development resources among projects
198
Q

IT steering committee

A

Committee created to establish IT priorities and ensure that the MIS function is meeting the organization’s needs

199
Q

IS operational plan

A

Plan that consists of a clear set of projects that the IS department will complete

200
Q

Elements of the IS Operational Plan

A
  1. Mission
  2. IS environment
  3. Objectives of the IS function
  4. Constraints of the IS function
  5. Application portfolio
  6. Resource allocation and project management
201
Q

Pros of purchasing a prewritten application

A

Cost-effective and time-saving.

202
Q

Cons of purchasing a prewritten package

A

A single software package can rarely satisfy all an organization’s needs

203
Q

Customizing a prewritten application

A

Attractive option if the software vendor allows the company to modify the application

204
Q

Cons of customizing a prewritten application

A

Not good if the software is expensive or likely to become obsolete.

205
Q

Pros of leasing the application

A

Compared with buying and developing applications, leasing can save time and money

206
Q

Cons of leasing an application

A

Leased packages may not fit the company’s application perfectly

207
Q

80/20 rule

A

If the software meets 80% of the company’s needs, then the company should consider modifying the processes to use the remaining 20%

208
Q

What sized companies is leasing attractive to?

A

Small and medium sized enterprises that cannot afford major IT investments

209
Q

Application service providers

A

Agent or a vendor that assembles the software needed by enterprises and then packages with services

210
Q

Software-as-a-service (SaaS)

A

Vendor hosts applications and provides them as a service to customers over a network

211
Q

Outsourcing

A

Acquiring IT applications from outside contractors or external organizations

212
Q

Advantages of outsourcing

A

Allows for experimenting with IT technologies and to obtain access to outside experts

213
Q

Disadvantages of outsourcing

A

Companies frequently must place their valuable corporate data under the control of the outsourcing vendor

214
Q

Continuous application development

A

Process of steadily adding new computer code to a software project when the code is tested and written

215
Q

Systems development life cycle (SDLC)

A

Structured framework that consists of sequential processes which develops IS

216
Q

SDLC processes

A
  1. Investigation
  2. Analysis
  3. Design
  4. Programming and testing
  5. Implementation
  6. Operation and maintenance
217
Q

Systems analysts

A

IS professionals who specialize in analyzing and designing information systems

218
Q

Programmers

A

IS professionals who either modify programs or write new programs

219
Q

Technical specialists

A

Experts on a certain type of technology

220
Q

Systems stakeholders

A

Everyone who is affected by changes in a company’s information systems

221
Q

Systems investigation

A

Addresses the business problem by means of a feasibility study

222
Q

Feasibility study

A

Analyzes which of three solutions fit the business problem

223
Q

Three basic business problem solutions

A
  1. Do nothing and continue to use the existing system unchanged
  2. Modify or enhance the existing system
  3. Develop a new system
224
Q

Technical feasibility

A

Determines whether the company can develop or buy what is needed

225
Q

Economic feasibility

A

Determines whether the project is an acceptable financial risk

226
Q

Behavioural risk

A

Addresses the human issues of the systems development project

227
Q

Systems analysis

A

Process whereby systems analysts examine the business problem that the organization plans to solve

228
Q

Systems design

A

Describes how the system will resolve the business problem

229
Q

Programming

A

Translating the design specifications into computer code

230
Q

Implementation

A

Process of converting from an old computer system to a new one. Three major strategies: direct, pilot, and phased

231
Q

Direct conversion

A

Old system is cut off, and the new system is turned on at a point in time. Least expensive and most risky

232
Q

Pilot conversion

A

Introduces the new system in one part of the organization.

233
Q

Phased conversion

A

Introduces components of the new system in stages. Large organizations combine the pilot and phased approaches

234
Q

Parallel conversion

A

Old and new systems operate together for a time

235
Q

Joint application design

A

Group-based too for collecting user requirements and creating system designs

236
Q

Rapid application development

A

Systems development method that combines multiple tools to rapidly produce a high-quality system

237
Q

Agile development

A

Software development methodology that delivers functionality in rapid iterations which are measured in weeks

238
Q

Scrum approach

A

Maximizes the development team’s ability to deliver iterations quickly and to respond effectively to new user requirements

239
Q

Primary roles of scrum

A
  1. Scrum master
  2. Product owner
  3. Team
240
Q

Scrum master

A

Maintains the processes

241
Q

Product owner

A

Represents the business users and any other stakeholders in the project

242
Q

The team

A

A cross-functional group of about seven people who perform analysis, coding, implementation, and testing

243
Q

End-user development

A

Approach in which the organization’s end users develop their own applications with no assistance from teh IT department

244
Q

Shadow IT

A

Technology implemented by end-users without receiving proper approvals from the organizational IT department

245
Q

Prototyping

A

Defines an initial list of user requirements, builds a model of the system and refines the system

246
Q

Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)

A

Group of tools that automate tasks in the SDLC

247
Q

Upper CASE tools

A

The tools automate early stages of the SDCL

248
Q

Lower CASE tools

A

Tools automate later stage of the SDLC

249
Q

Integrated Case tools (ICASE)

A

Tools that provide links between upper CASE and lower CASE tools

250
Q

Component-based development

A

Uses standard components to build applications

251
Q

Object-orientated development

A

A systems development methodology that begins with aspects of the real world that must be modelled to perform a task

252
Q

Containers

A

Method of developing applications that run independently of the base operating system of the server

253
Q
A

BTMA 317 (3 decks)

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