Midterm 1 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Under gravity, what does the cervical spine, lumbar spine, hip, knee, and ankle want to do ?
Cervical spine - flexion
Lumbar spine - Flexion
Hip - extension
knee - extension
ankle - dorsiflexion
What’s common to see in terms of the level of the PSIS and ASIS?
Typical to see ASIS a little lower than PSIS (slight anterior pelvic tilt)
Which AC joint is often lower?
The one of the dominant arm
What does lifting of the medial border of scapula suggest?
Scapular winging
What does lifting of the inferior angle of scapula suggest?
Anterior tilting of scapula
Normally the scapula is slightly __________ rotated
Superiorly
A neutral scapula is _______ away from the midline
4 finger widths
What does it mean if you can see the back of someones hand or their cubital fossa is turning inward when they’re standing normally?
That their shoulder/GH is in internal rotation
If foot is lateral to the centre-of-knee line then knee posture is ….
If foot is medial to the centre-of-knee line then knee posture is ….
Genu Valgum (valgus knee)
Genu Varum (Varus knee)
What’s it called when someone stands with hyper-extended knees and how can u tell
Genu recurvatum
start line from Greater Troch to Lateral epicond. of femur and then head of fib to lateral mal. (look at the lines to decide)
What’s happening at the ankle when…
Knees in hyper extension
Knees in slight flexion
Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion
If it looks like one or both femurs are rotated, what do you do next?
Neutralize the hips so force both patellas to face forward (anterior) and then see how the tibia is rotating relative to the femur
If toes point outward, tibia is externally rotated relative to femur and vice versa
Knee flexion is associated with (has to do with tibia)
Knee extension is associated with ?
Flexion –> Internal rotation of tibia (think of sitting criss-cross)
Extension –> external rotation of tibia
When you evert the intermalleolar line is?
When you invert, the intermalleolar line is?
More horizontal; the medial malleolus comes down and lateral moves up
Steeper; the medial side comes up more and lateral goes down
What are the clues for an over-pronated foot?
curvature of Achilles
Too many toes on lateral side in sight (bc forefoot flattens/spreads out)
there is a lump of the navicular prominent on medial side
What 2 factors impact MLA?
Rotation of tibia
Rearfoot position
How does tibial rotation impact MLA ?
If the tibia is medially rotated, the talus rotates too and gets pushed down so foot goes into eversion and the MLA is lower
If the tibia is laterally rotated, the talus goes up and out and gives supination so the MLA is higher
How does rear-foot position impact MLA?
If the calcaneus sits in an everted position, it puts the talus and navicular down so the MLA is lower
If calcaneus sits in inverted position, this lifts the talus a bit and the MLA is higher
What’s pes cavus and pes planus?
pes cavus: foot with high MLA (navicular high)
pes planus: flat foot with low MLA (navicular low)
Cervical Extension ROM Test
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When would you do it?
Tests for Cervical Extension
Can be used If client is in a flexed cervical spine position.
One hand on thoracic spine
Ask person to look back as far as they can without shifting body weight back as well (Sitting same place look at sky)
Full ROM - plane of face nearly parallel with the ground
Length Test for LS and UFT
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When would you do it?
Tests for Limited Lateral Flexion in Cervical Spine (Usually caused by LS and UFT)
Want to perform this test if you see a person that is laterally flexed to one side in the cervical spine
UFT TEST:
Supine position head and neck off edge of table
Start by holding weight of head in your hands underneath occiput
Rotate neck to left side, biasing UFT
Bring a hand and put pressure on top of shoulder in the direction of depression
Because UFT act on shoulder girldle and when they get to their tension point they’ll try to lift that, so trying to keep it down
Lateral flexion to the opposite side and open up UFT
Then do right side and do bilateral comparison
Thinking about as a tester, how much tension you feel at the end, and how much range is available to you
LS Test:
Start with same position (Supine lying)
Rotation to opposite side (so if doing left rotate right)
Depress shoulder
Add lateral flexion
Compare bilateral
Cervical Extensor Endurance Test (CEET)
Tests endurance of cervical extensor muscles
Would want to do this if the person is in a flexed cervical position
* Model in prone lying position * Sternum supported by table, arms at side, but not pressing, head neck falling over the table
To start, ask to extend their neck that is about parallel to the floor, don’t want above that and don’t want opening up through front of throat (Deep curvature)
Adding a 2kg weight can give insight into strength that they can offer from cervical extensors
Average person can hold this for 4 minutes (This is the study)
Deep Neck Flexor Endurance Test (DNF)
If there is hyperextension in Upper Cervical Spine you would want to do this test
DNF cause flexion of the head on the neck in a rolling head/chin tucking motion. And flex lower cervical spine by drawing vertebrae forward toward chest. Together they act like a sling that supports cervical lordosis anteriorly and prevent head from poking forward
Limit hyperextension of upper cervical spine
Domenech et al reported average hold position just over 30s and lots of variability between individuals
Occiput to Wall Test (OWT) THIS NEEDS EDIT
First measure the TWD
Then Can model bring back of occiput to the wall without hyperextending through the upper cervical spine (so do they have enough mobility to overcome the current TWD)
If they can’t bring occiput all the way to the wall correctly, measure the new TWD to see how much correction they’re capable of
Use this test when you observe forward head posture i guess? so excessive flexion of upper thoracic and lower cervical spine and extension of upper cervical spine
It’s measuring thoracic extension
Want to use this test if there is a lack of extension in the vertebrae below**
Also apply gentle pressure across forehead to see if there is more ROM than the muscles are actively giving you