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AUDE 5140 > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

amplitude

A

measure of strength or magnitude of a quantity
-amount of change from equilibrium position

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2
Q

aperiodic waves will be percieved as ________.

A

noise

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3
Q

attenuation

A

lessening over time

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4
Q

axis of a spectrum

A

frequency (hertz) : x axis
amplitude : y axis

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5
Q

axis of waveform

A

time (seconds) : x axis
amplitude : y axis

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6
Q

basic quantity

A

independent
-time, length, mass

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7
Q

complex periodic sounds

A

waves combined of different frequencies
-can sum them up or break them down
-must be harmonically related

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8
Q

complex waveform

A

adding two tones of different frequencies
-when adding, there will still be a repeatable pattern

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9
Q

condensation/compression

A

high pressure areas
-“postive” on waveform
-more air molecules

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10
Q

cycle location with degree of an angle

A

0 - starting point
90 - positive peak going down
180 - midline going down
270 - negative peak going up
360 - midline going up

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11
Q

damping

A

a decrease in amplitude of an oscillation as a result of energy being drained from the system
-decrease in amplitude if fine
-the process of this decrease

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12
Q

derived quantity

A

results of various combination of base of other derived
-displacement, velocity, force, work, power, etc.

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13
Q

displacement (x)

A

change in position
-distance and direction

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14
Q

elastic restoring force

A

takes it back to center
-acting force to stop movement

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15
Q

elasticity

A

property that enables recovery from distortion to shape or volume
-compliance is how readily something can move
-stiffness is the less likely something will be ready to move

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16
Q

fourier’s theorem

A

complex waves consists of summed sinusoidal components

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17
Q

frequency (f)

A

rate of vibratory motions
-cycles per second
-number of cycles in a period of time

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18
Q

fundamental frequency

A

greatest number that can be divided by all frequencies
-period of a waveform
-spacing components of a harmonic complex

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19
Q

harmonically related

A

frequencies of component sinusoids must be whole number multiples of a fundamental tone

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20
Q

harmonics

A

individual components
-multiples of the fundamental frequency

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21
Q

how does sound travel through air?

A

air molecules move back and forth to create the sound
-each particle moves with simple harmonic motion

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22
Q

how does changing the mass affect vibration rate?

A

increase mass = decreased vibration
decrease mass = increased vibration

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23
Q

how does changing the stiffness affect vibration rate?

A

increase stiffness = increase vibration
decrease stiffness = decrease vibration

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24
Q

how is frequency related to wavelength?

A

inversely proportional to frequency
-velocity over frequency

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25
how to calculate frequency
1/T (1/period)
26
how to calculate period
1/f (1/frequency)
27
in phase vs. out of phase
same starting place vs. being off within their starting phase
28
inertial force
keeps on going if there was nothing to stop it
29
mass
quantity of matter that is present
30
peak amplitude
amplitude at the peak of the wave
31
period (T)
amount of time it takes for one cycle
32
periodic waves
sound will have tonal quality
33
pure tone
tone of only one frequency
34
rarefaction
low pressure areas -"negative" on waveforms -areas of low air molecules
35
scalar quantity
described by magnitude or size -can be added or subtracted
36
simple harmonic motion
the foundation of sound transmission
37
sound
disturbances across and elastic medium -must be a change within medium for it to travel
38
sound intensity
describes flow of sound amount of power per unit area -the flow
39
sound power
property of an object rate at which sound energy is emitted per unit time -expressed as watt's
40
sound pressure
sound at a specific point measurement of sound at a given location -measuring at different points to compare -force per unit area
41
starting phase
phase of waveform at time point zero
42
what domain is time
temporal domain
43
tuning fork simple harmonic motion example and stages
starts at equilibrium, force is applied, reaches maximum displacement, returns to equilibrium, moves through equilibrium to opposite side of maximum displacement, returns to equilibrium, vibration will repeat
44
varying damping characteristics
no damping low damped - continuous decrease in amplitude over cycles high damped - decreased amplitude after one cycle
45
vector quantity
has magnitude and direction -must use vector analysis
46
what are the properties of sine waves
amplitude, frequency, and time
47
what causes damping when sound travels through air?
energy is drained from a system due to friction or other resistive forces
48
what happens when combining tones when they are in phase?
reinforcement, constructive interference -amplitude gets doubled
49
what happens when combining tones when they are 180 degrees out of phase?
cancellation, destructive interference -amplitude gets cancelled out
50
what happens when combining tones when they are out of phase by some other amount?
combination of reinforcement and cancellation -combination of increased and decreased amplitudes across the wave
51
what happens when the source sound makes contact with air molecules?
air molecules compress them the original sound goes back to source whereas the compression area moves away from the source -creates the back and forth motion
52
what is depicted in the waveform vs. spectrum view?
waveform : time and amplitude spectrum : frequency and amplitude
53
what is needed for an object to vibrate?
mass and elasticity
54
what relationship does frequency have with period?
inverse relationship
55
linear graph
goes up by a set number -good for smaller ranges
56
logarithmic graph
goes up by a set multiplication (such as multiply by 10 each time) -good for large ranges
57
log (base 10) rule of thumb
count the zero's
58
why must a reference be specified when talking about sound level?
the level is a quantity in relation to the reference quantity -must be stated to determine that relationship
59
does dB IL equal dB SPL?
yes, they are equal
60
on a sound movement diagram, what area is darker? lighter?
increased pressure, low pressure
61
power
property of source of sound or object making sound
62
force
a push or pull
63
"missing fundamental frequency"
the period will still be the fundamental frequency because the distance that should be there is detected
64
phase
specific point within a cycle

AUDE 5140 (3 decks)

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