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AUDE 5140 > midterm 1 > Flashcards

midterm 1 Flashcards

1
Q

amplitude

A

measure of strength or magnitude of a quantity
-amount of change from equilibrium position

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2
Q

aperiodic waves will be percieved as ________.

A

noise

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3
Q

attenuation

A

lessening over time

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4
Q

axis of a spectrum

A

frequency (hertz) : x axis
amplitude : y axis

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5
Q

axis of waveform

A

time (seconds) : x axis
amplitude : y axis

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6
Q

basic quantity

A

independent
-time, length, mass

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7
Q

complex periodic sounds

A

waves combined of different frequencies
-can sum them up or break them down
-must be harmonically related

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8
Q

complex waveform

A

adding two tones of different frequencies
-when adding, there will still be a repeatable pattern

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9
Q

condensation/compression

A

high pressure areas
-“postive” on waveform
-more air molecules

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10
Q

cycle location with degree of an angle

A

0 - starting point
90 - positive peak going down
180 - midline going down
270 - negative peak going up
360 - midline going up

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11
Q

damping

A

a decrease in amplitude of an oscillation as a result of energy being drained from the system
-decrease in amplitude if fine
-the process of this decrease

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12
Q

derived quantity

A

results of various combination of base of other derived
-displacement, velocity, force, work, power, etc.

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13
Q

displacement (x)

A

change in position
-distance and direction

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14
Q

elastic restoring force

A

takes it back to center
-acting force to stop movement

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15
Q

elasticity

A

property that enables recovery from distortion to shape or volume
-compliance is how readily something can move
-stiffness is the less likely something will be ready to move

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16
Q

fourier’s theorem

A

complex waves consists of summed sinusoidal components

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17
Q

frequency (f)

A

rate of vibratory motions
-cycles per second
-number of cycles in a period of time

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18
Q

fundamental frequency

A

greatest number that can be divided by all frequencies
-period of a waveform
-spacing components of a harmonic complex

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19
Q

harmonically related

A

frequencies of component sinusoids must be whole number multiples of a fundamental tone

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20
Q

harmonics

A

individual components
-multiples of the fundamental frequency

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21
Q

how does sound travel through air?

A

air molecules move back and forth to create the sound
-each particle moves with simple harmonic motion

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22
Q

how does changing the mass affect vibration rate?

A

increase mass = decreased vibration
decrease mass = increased vibration

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23
Q

how does changing the stiffness affect vibration rate?

A

increase stiffness = increase vibration
decrease stiffness = decrease vibration

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24
Q

how is frequency related to wavelength?

A

inversely proportional to frequency
-velocity over frequency

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25
Q

how to calculate frequency

A

1/T (1/period)

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26
Q

how to calculate period

A

1/f (1/frequency)

27
Q

in phase vs. out of phase

A

same starting place vs. being off within their starting phase

28
Q

inertial force

A

keeps on going if there was nothing to stop it

29
Q

mass

A

quantity of matter that is present

30
Q

peak amplitude

A

amplitude at the peak of the wave

31
Q

period (T)

A

amount of time it takes for one cycle

32
Q

periodic waves

A

sound will have tonal quality

33
Q

pure tone

A

tone of only one frequency

34
Q

rarefaction

A

low pressure areas
-“negative” on waveforms
-areas of low air molecules

35
Q

scalar quantity

A

described by magnitude or size
-can be added or subtracted

36
Q

simple harmonic motion

A

the foundation of sound transmission

37
Q

sound

A

disturbances across and elastic medium
-must be a change within medium for it to travel

38
Q

sound intensity

A

describes flow of sound
amount of power per unit area
-the flow

39
Q

sound power

A

property of an object
rate at which sound energy is emitted per unit time
-expressed as watt’s

40
Q

sound pressure

A

sound at a specific point
measurement of sound at a given location
-measuring at different points to compare
-force per unit area

41
Q

starting phase

A

phase of waveform at time point zero

42
Q

what domain is time

A

temporal domain

43
Q

tuning fork simple harmonic motion example and stages

A

starts at equilibrium, force is applied, reaches maximum displacement, returns to equilibrium, moves through equilibrium to opposite side of maximum displacement, returns to equilibrium, vibration will repeat

44
Q

varying damping characteristics

A

no damping
low damped - continuous decrease in amplitude over cycles
high damped - decreased amplitude after one cycle

45
Q

vector quantity

A

has magnitude and direction
-must use vector analysis

46
Q

what are the properties of sine waves

A

amplitude, frequency, and time

47
Q

what causes damping when sound travels through air?

A

energy is drained from a system due to friction or other resistive forces

48
Q

what happens when combining tones when they are in phase?

A

reinforcement, constructive interference
-amplitude gets doubled

49
Q

what happens when combining tones when they are 180 degrees out of phase?

A

cancellation, destructive interference
-amplitude gets cancelled out

50
Q

what happens when combining tones when they are out of phase by some other amount?

A

combination of reinforcement and cancellation
-combination of increased and decreased amplitudes across the wave

51
Q

what happens when the source sound makes contact with air molecules?

A

air molecules compress them the original sound goes back to source whereas the compression area moves away from the source
-creates the back and forth motion

52
Q

what is depicted in the waveform vs. spectrum view?

A

waveform : time and amplitude
spectrum : frequency and amplitude

53
Q

what is needed for an object to vibrate?

A

mass and elasticity

54
Q

what relationship does frequency have with period?

A

inverse relationship

55
Q

linear graph

A

goes up by a set number
-good for smaller ranges

56
Q

logarithmic graph

A

goes up by a set multiplication (such as multiply by 10 each time)
-good for large ranges

57
Q

log (base 10) rule of thumb

A

count the zero’s

58
Q

why must a reference be specified when talking about sound level?

A

the level is a quantity in relation to the reference quantity
-must be stated to determine that relationship

59
Q

does dB IL equal dB SPL?

A

yes, they are equal

60
Q

on a sound movement diagram, what area is darker? lighter?

A

increased pressure, low pressure

61
Q

power

A

property of source of sound or object making sound

62
Q

force

A

a push or pull

63
Q

“missing fundamental frequency”

A

the period will still be the fundamental frequency because the distance that should be there is detected

64
Q

phase

A

specific point within a cycle

AUDE 5140 (3 decks)

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