Midterm 1 Flashcards
What is culture?
Humankind’s extragenetic means of adaptation within the world.
What are the components of cultural evolutionary models?
- sedentism
- Domestication
- Social complexity
What does the Historical Resources act encompass?
Protects all historic resources in the province. including buried, partially buried, and submerged artifacts.
What is the Doctrine of Discovery
Terra Nullius. New earth to colonize by the global powers of the 15th Century. defined indigenous population as savages.
What are the different historical trajectories of the old and new worlds?
Old world: - Antiquity - Time periods - nationalism - history of nations - prehistory New world: - No time depth - geological areas - appropriation - natural and cultural areas - anthropology
Who was Canada’s first archaeologist? And what did he accomplish?
David Boyle, set up a museum in a Canadian institute to keep artifacts from leaving the country
what are the three groups in Willey and Phillips book considering the precontact North American population.
Paleo-Indian: Includes the first Americans
Archaic: exploiting smaller game and spreading out
Woodland: start of domestication
Describe the difference between low, middle, and high level archaeology
Low - describing data
Middle - describing function
high - explaining cultural materialism, economy, social organization, and ideology
List the 5 theoretical paradigms of early archaeology
HEM HP DHA
- Culture history
- the description and chronological and spatial ordering of archaeological data
- Walter Taylor - Historical particularism
- cultures should be judged by their past.
- Franz Boas and Gordon Willey - Direct historical approach
- working backwards from historically known indigenous peoples to precontact times
- Alfred Kidder - Cultural Ecology
- Three basic principles
1. Same/similar environment develop same culture types
2. culture changes happen no matter environment
3. can add to social complexity or develop new cultural patterns
- Julian Steward - Cultural Materialism
- material conditions of existence are the main determinants of culture change
- Marvin Harris
identify and describe 2 modern archaeological paradigms
- Processual Archaeology
- Lewis Binford
- Deductive reasoning
- scientific data only
- culture: thermodynamic system (ideology, technology, socio-political organization) - post-processual archaeology
- Humanistic approach
- inherently political
- 5 key aspects of post-processualism
- MABCS (meaning, agency, bias, contingency, social responsibility)
- Ian Hodder
What does OCAP stand for?
ownership
control
access
possession
What are the differences between western and indigenous worldview’s?
western - hierarchical/pyramid - time in linear indigenous - interconnectedness/web - time is cyclical
what are the 6 components to doing an archaeological research project?
- formulation
- scientific method and research design - logistics
- consulting communities and funding - survey
- what can we learn from artifacts - excavation
- conservation
- treating artifacts as they should be - publication
- knowledge required
