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Genitourinary > Middy 1 > Flashcards

Middy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A 38 year old female presents with a history of photosensitivity, oral ulcers, polyarthritis, anemia, pleuritis, and malar butterfly rash. These symptoms are most descriptive of…

  • RA
  • OA
  • SLE
  • NIDDM
A

SLE

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2
Q

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is seen primarily in…

  • adults
  • children
  • old
  • all ages
A

children

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3
Q

Causes of reversible acute renal failure include:

  • dehydration
  • vascular collapse
  • reduced cardiac output
  • all of the above
A

all of the above

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Wilm’s tumor?

  • abdominal pain and distention
  • anorexia and vomiting
  • 95% of cases bilateral
  • highly metastatic
A

95% of cases bilateral

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5
Q

Acute glomerulonephritis will typically sxhibit all of the following EXCEPT…

  • gross hematuria
  • hypertension
  • proteinuria
  • superficial kidney cysts
A

superficial kidney cysts

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6
Q

T/F

SLE can eventually lead to kidney damage.

A

TRUE

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7
Q

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the kidney is…

  • 125 ml/day
  • 175-180 ml/day
  • 175-180 L/day
  • 125 L/day
A

175-180 ml/day

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8
Q

T/F

The kidneys typically move 3 cm vertically during deep breathing.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

T/F

Metabolic oxalate is produced and found in much greater quantities in the human body than oxalate from dietary sources.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Fasting blood sugar must be above _______mg/dl on at least 2 different days to be diagnosed as diabetic.

  • 50
  • 75
  • 126
  • 250
A

126 mg/dl

careful of units

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11
Q

A 35 year old female presents with an abrupt onset of shaking, chills, moderate high fever, tachycardia, constant ache in the loin area, and symptoms of cystitis (frequency, nocturia, urogency, dysuria). UA indicates leukocytosis, high ESR, heavy pyuria present, bacteriuria, and mild proteinuria. The most likely condition present based on this brief synopsis is…

  • neuroblastoma
  • SLE
  • pyelonephritis
  • adrenal cortical hyperplasia
A

pyelonephritis

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12
Q

T/F

40% of type 2 diabetes are considered to be obese.

A

FALSE

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13
Q

Which of the following organs is NOT directly involved in the renin-angiotensin pathway?

  • liver
  • lungs
  • kidney
  • spleen
A

Spleen

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14
Q

Insulin is typically prescribed for diabetic patients in the US is actually derived from…

  • recombinant DNA from E. coli
  • rhesus monkey insulin
  • swine insulin
  • two of the above
A

Two of the above

recombinant DNA from E. coli + swine insulin

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15
Q

T/F

The right kidney, crowded by the liver, is a bit lower (inferior) than the left.

A

TRUE

Left kidney should NOT be palpable

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16
Q

The kidneys are usually much enlarged, their surfaces studded with cysts, and pain over one or both kidneys best describes…

  • renal cell carcinoma
  • BPH
  • adult polycystic kidney disease
  • poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
A

adult polycystic kidney disease

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17
Q

Patient presents with an abrupt, acute onset of pain in the kidney area. The patient was awakened during the night due to the extrememly severe pain. Hematuria and crystalluria are present. Based on this brief information only, what is the most likely condition present?

  • poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
  • urinary calculi
  • nephroma
  • nephrotic syndrome
A

urinary calculi

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18
Q

The anatomic position of the kidneys is at the level of _______ vertebra.

  • T10-L1
  • T12-L3
  • L3-L5
  • L5-S2
A

T12-L3

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19
Q

What types of crystals compromise 65% of all urinary calculi?

  • triple phosphate
  • uric acid
  • calcium oxalate
  • xanthine
A

calcium oxalate

(calcium phosphate 10%, uric acid

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20
Q

What percentage of cases of renal failure in the US can be attributed to diabetes?

  • 10%
  • 75%
  • 96%
  • 95%
A

96%

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21
Q

A 3 year old patient presents with a mass in the abdomen discovered by a family member. The patient experiences abdominal pain, distention, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fever, hematuria, and hypertension. What is the most likely diagnosis?

  • neuroblastoma
  • APKD
  • Wilm’s tumor
  • renal cell carcinoma
A

Wilm’s tumor

22
Q

A 20 year old non-obese patient presents with sudden onset of glucosuria, low serum levels of insulin, polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss, and frequent urinary tract infections. These characteristics best describe…

  • Type I diabetes (IDDM)
  • Type II diabetes (NIDDM)
  • hypoglycemia
  • hyperbilirubinemia
A

Type I diabetes

23
Q

The following arterial routes occur after the renal artery, enters the kidney at the renal hilus. Pick the correct order…
interlobular, arcuate, segmental arteries, interlobar

A
  1. segmental arteries
  2. interlobar
  3. arcuate
  4. interlobular

…double check this one. Not sure this is right…

24
Q

T/F

Diabetes insipidus is the result of a deficiency of ADH

A

TRUE

25
Q

T/F

Diabetes mellitus, Type I (juvenile onset) accounts for about 90% of all diabetic cases

A

FLASE

26
Q

Basement membrane damage, hypoalbuminemia, extreme proteinuria, and hypercholesterolemia are most indicative of…

  • nephritic syndrome
  • acute GMN
  • nephrotic syndrome
  • vesicoureteral reflux
A

nephrotic syndrome

27
Q

T/F

The left renal artery is shorter than the right renal artery.

A

TRUE

28
Q

A 59 year old male with a history of smoking presents with blood in the urine, abnormal urine color, flank pain, weight loss, emaciated appearance, swelling of the abdomen, and kidney enlargement. The most likely diagnosis is…

  • diabetes
  • GMN
  • renal calculi
  • renal cell carcinoma
A

renal cell carcinoma

29
Q

T/F

Renal calculi are more likely to be seen on x-ray than gallstones.

A

TRUE

30
Q

T/F

Hematuria and uremia are 2 terms that describe the same condition.

A

FLASE

31
Q

Regurgitation of urine from the bladder into the ureter and usually the kidney is known as…

  • vesicoureteral reflux
  • nephrolithiasis
  • urinary obstruction
  • polycystic kidney disease
A

vesicoureteral reflux

32
Q

T/F

All types of kidney stones are seen on x-ray.

A

FALSE

33
Q

Diabetes mellitus Type II (adult onset) is due to:

  • decreased ADH
  • increased ADH
  • anterior pituitary problem
  • decreased target cell sensitivity to insulin
A

decreased target call sensitivity to insulin

34
Q

Which of the following conditions typically have to poorest prognosis?

  • pyelonephritis
  • renal cell carcinoma
  • neuroblastoma
  • polycystic kidney disease
A

renal cell carcinoma

35
Q

An inflammatory connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology, with 90% of those stricken being female, best describes:

  • SLE
  • Parkinson’s
  • Rheumatic Fever
  • Multiple Sclerosis
A

SLE

36
Q

T/F

Urinary catheters are designed with a special compartment that inflates within the urinary bladder to keep the catheter from sliding out the urethra.

A

TRUE

37
Q

A 22 month old presents with fever, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, weight loss, anemia, bone pain and periorbital ecchymoses. This is a very rare condition and would most likely be:

  • tetanus
  • child abuse
  • neuroblastoma
  • post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
A

neuroblastoma

38
Q

Red blood cell casts in the urine are usually considered to be a pathognomonic indication of:

  • pyelonephritis
  • diabetes mellitus
  • glomerulonephritis
  • polycystic kidney disease
A

glomerulonephritis

39
Q

The kidneys normally utilize ______% of the cardiac output

  • 10
  • 25
  • 50
  • none of the above
A

25%

40
Q

T/F

E. Coli is the predominant pathogen involved with pyelonephritis.

A

TRUE

41
Q

T/F

High dietary sodium intake can cause an increase in urinary calcium excretion.

A

TRUE

42
Q

Eclampsia includes all of the following EXCEPT:

  • edema
  • hypertension
  • high A:G ratio
  • proteinuria
A

proteinuria

43
Q

T/F

Kidney stones (urinary calculi) are usually found in combination with a noncrystalline matrix material, the function of which is unknown.

A

TRUE

44
Q

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Type II diabetes?

  • sudden onset
  • obese patients (90%)
  • usually over age 30
  • negative for antibodies to islet cells
A

sudden onset

45
Q

T/F

The majority of the world’s male population is circumcised.

A

FALSE

46
Q

T/F

One of the most common lab indications of renal failure is the increase in BUN levels.

A

TRUE

47
Q

Which of the following syndromes are found predominately in children?

  • Wilm’s tumor
  • post-stretococcal glomerulonephritis
  • chronic renal failure
  • two of the above
A

Wilm’s tumor

48
Q

T/F

The greater the number of kidney stones, the more severe the symptoms.

A

FALSE

49
Q

What percentage of cases of renal failure in the S can be contributed to diabetes?

  • 10%
  • 75%
  • 96%
  • 95%
A

96% …tricky bastard

50
Q

T/F

Females are more likely than men to suffer from struvite (MAP) calculi

A

TRUE

51
Q

T/F

As mentioned in class, some health experts (liek Dr. Mercola) feel that it is extremely important and beneficial to monitor patient insulin levels and keep blood insulin levels as low as possible.

A

TRUE

Genitourinary (2 decks)

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