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MedAnatomy > middle mediastinum > Flashcards

middle mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

the pericardium is a ______ sac that encloses the heart and roots of the great vessels

A

fibroserous

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2
Q

where does the pericardium lie

A

middle mediastinum

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3
Q

anterior boundary of the middle mediastinum

A

body of sternum and 2-6th costal cartilage

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4
Q

posterior boundary of the mid mediastinum

A

5-8th TV

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5
Q

superior bound of mid medias

A

great bld vessels

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6
Q

inf bound of mid medias

A

diaphragm

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7
Q

function of mid mediastinum

A

restrict excesive movements

lubricated container

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8
Q

strong fibrous art of the sac

A

fibrous ericardium

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9
Q

where is the fibrous pericard firmly attached below

A

central tendon via pericardio-phernic ligament

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10
Q

where is the fibrous pericard attached anteriorly

A

sternum via sternopericardial ligaments

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11
Q

great bld vessels that pass thru the mid medias

A

aorta
pulmo trunk
sup inf vena cava
pulmo veins

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12
Q

lines the fibrous pericardium and coats the heart

A

serous pericardium

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13
Q

the serous pericardium is divided into

A

parietal and visceral layers

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14
Q

lines the fibrous pericardium and is reflected around the roots of the great vessels and becomes continuous with the other layer at the base of the heart

A

parietal layer

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15
Q

where does the parietal and visceral layer unite

A

base of the heart

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16
Q

layer closely applied to the heart

A

visceral layer

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17
Q

slitlike space between the parietal and visceral layers

A

pericardial cavity

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18
Q

amount of pericardial fluid

A

around 50 mL

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19
Q

purpose of pericardial fluid

A

lubricant

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20
Q

formed as a consequence of the way the heart bends during dev’t

A

pericardial sinus

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21
Q

recess due to reflection of the serous pericardium around large veins; at the posterior surface

A

oblique sinus

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22
Q

short passage between the reflection of serous pericardium around the aorta and pulmo trunks and around large veins

A

transverse sinus

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23
Q

NS of firbous and parietal layer of the serous pericardium

A

phrenic nerve

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24
Q

NS of visceral layer

A

sympa trunks and vagus nerve

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25
Q

hollow organ somewhat pyramidal in shape

A

heart

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26
Q

the ehart lies freely where

A

in pericardium

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27
Q

the heart is connected to the heart vessels only where

A

base

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28
Q

the hearts rests on its what

A

diaphragmatic surface

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29
Q

surfaces of the heart

A

sternocostal
diaphragmatic
base

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30
Q

the apex of the heart is directed where

A

downward forward to the left

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31
Q

right and left border of the sternocostal surface

A

right atrium and left ventricle

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32
Q

right ventricle and left ventricle is separated by

A

posterior and anterior interventricular groove

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33
Q

right atrium and left ventricle is separated by

A

atrioventricular groove

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34
Q

formed by the right and left ventricle

A

diaphragmatic surface

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35
Q

kelan kasama ang right atrium sa diaphragmatic surface

A

kpag bukas ung inferior vena cava

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36
Q

where does 4 pulmonary veins open

A

base (posterior)

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37
Q

surface formed by left atrium

A

base (posterior)

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38
Q

surface formed by the left ventricle

A

apex

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39
Q

sang level ang apex

A

5th left ICS 3.5 inches from midline

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40
Q

clinical auscultation of pulmonary valve

A

medial end of 2nd left ICS

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41
Q

clinical auscultation of aortic valve

A

medial end of 2nd right ICS

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42
Q

clinical auscultation of mitral valve

A

apex (5th left midclavicular ICS)

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43
Q

clinical auscultation of tricuspid valve

A

6th ICS (lower end of sternum body)

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44
Q

surface anatomy of pulmonary valve

A

3rd left rib medial end

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45
Q

surface anatomy of aortic valve

A

3rd left parasternal ICS

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46
Q

surface anatomy of mitral valve

A

4th left parasternal rib

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47
Q

surface anatomy of tricuspid valve

A

4th right parasternal ICS

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48
Q

right border of the heart

A

formed by the right atrium
3rd to 6th ICS
3cm and 1.5cm resp. from midternal line

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49
Q

left border of the heart

A

formed by the left auricle and left ventricle

2nd-5th left ICS

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50
Q

superior border fo the heart

A

formed by the great vessels of the heart

3rd right costal and 2nd left costal

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51
Q

inferior border of the heart

A

formed by right ventricle and apex

6th right ICS to 5th midclav ICS

52
Q

origin of the right coronary artery

A

anterior aortic sinus of the ascending aorta

53
Q

commencement of right coronary artery

A

between pulmo trunk and right auricle

54
Q

termination of right coronary artery

A

posterior interventricular groove

55
Q

where does the right and left coronary arteries anastomose

A

posterior intraventricular groove

56
Q

branches of the right coronary artery

A

right conus
anterior and posterior ventricular branches
posterior interventricular (descending) artery
atrial branches

57
Q

what supplies the AV node

A

large septal branch

58
Q

which coronary artery is larger

59
Q

left coronary artery supplies what

A

left atrium ventricle and septum

60
Q

origin of takki the left coronary artery

A

left posterior sinus of the ascending aorta

61
Q

commencement of the left coronary artery

A

bet. pulmonary trunk and left auricle

62
Q

termination of the left coronary artery

A

atrioventricular groove

63
Q

branches of the left coronary artery

A

anterior interventricular branch

circumflex artery

64
Q

large branch of the circumflex artery supplying left margin of the left ventricle t the apex

A

left marginal artery

65
Q

mar arise directly from the left coronary artery trunk

A

left diagonal artery

66
Q

supplises the pulmonary conus

A

left conus artery

67
Q

supply the left atrium

A

atrial brnches

68
Q

collateral circulation between branches of the right and left coronary arteries

A

coronary artery anastomosiss

69
Q

arterial supply of the SA node

A

right coronary artery

70
Q

arterial supply of the AV nod

A

right coronary artery

71
Q

arterial supply of the LBB

A

right and left coronary arteries

72
Q

arterial supply of the RBB

A

left coronary artery

73
Q

principal drainage of the heart walls

A

coronary sinus

74
Q

where does the coronary sinus drain into

A

right atrium

75
Q

where does the coronary sinus lie

A

posterior part of the atrioventricular groove (coronary sulcus)

76
Q

the coronary sinus is a continuation of the

A

great cardiac vein

77
Q

tributaries of the coronary sinus

A

small and middle cardiac vein

78
Q

the ____ drain directly into the right atrium

A

anterior cardiac vein

79
Q

the small veins that drain directly to the heart chambers

A

vena cordis minimae

80
Q

fibers of the cardiac plexus

A

sympa and parasympa

81
Q

innervates the heart via sympa and parasympa of the autonomic nervous system

A

cardiac plexus

82
Q

cardiac plexus situated below the arch of the aorta (vagus)

A

superficial cardiac plexus

83
Q

the superficial cardiac plexus is composed of the

84
Q

the deep cardiac plexus is composed of the

A

vagus and sympa trunk

85
Q

where is the deep cardiac plexus situated

A

in front of the trachea on the bifurcation

86
Q

where is the superficial cardiac plexus situated

A

below arch of the aorta

87
Q

saan galing ung sympla supply ng heart

A

cervical and upper thoracic portions of the sympathetic trunks

88
Q

saan galing parasympa supply ng heart

89
Q

fibers responsible for the cardiac acceleration, increased force of cotnraction and coronary dilation

A

postganglionic sympa fibers

90
Q

results in reduction in rate and force of contraction, arterial constriction

A

postganglionic parasympa

91
Q

the afferent fibers run along with what

A

sympa nerves

vagus

92
Q

run with sympa nerves, carry nervous impulses that normally do not reach consciousness (pain impulse)

A

afferent fibers

93
Q

the afferent fibers that run with the vagus is responsible for what

A

cardiovascular reflex

94
Q

the afferent fiber responsible for the cardiovascular reflex run with what

95
Q

great vessels of the heart includes

A

ascending aorta
pulmonary trunk
pulmo vein
superior and inferior vena cava

96
Q

the ascending aorta is enclosed in a sheath of serous pericardium with what

A

pulmo trunk

97
Q

the ascending aorta lies in which pericardium

98
Q

how many bulges meron sa ascending aorta and saan sila

A

3 bulges one behind each aortic valve cusp

99
Q

origin of the ascending aorta

A

left ventricle

100
Q

commencement of the ascending aorta

A

base of the left ventricle

101
Q

termination of the ascending aorta

A

behind right half of sternum (level of sternal angle)

102
Q

branches of the ascending aorta

A

left and right coronary artery

103
Q

conveys deoxy blood from teh right ventricle to the lungs

A

pulmo trunk

104
Q

how long pulmo trunk

A

2inches (5cm)

105
Q

pulmo trunk divides into what

A

left and right pulmonary artery

106
Q

together with the ascending aorta, the pulmo trunk is enclosed in ___ and ____

A

fibrous pericardium and sheat of serous pericardium

107
Q

origin of the pulmo trunk

A

upper part of the right ventricle

108
Q

termination of the pulmo trunk

A

concavity of the aortic arch

109
Q

branches of the pulmo trunk

A

right and let pulmo artery

110
Q

left or right: runs behind the ascending aorta

A

right pulmo art

111
Q

left or right: runs in front of the ascending aorta

A

left pulmo art

112
Q

fibrous band connecting the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk to the lower concave surface of the aortic arch

A

ligamentum arteriosum

113
Q

in fetus, conducts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

A

ductus arteriosum

114
Q

what hooks around the ligamentum arteriosum

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

115
Q

what kind of blood pulmonary veins carry

A

oxygenated

116
Q

the superior vena cava contains all bloo from

A

head neck upper limbs

117
Q

how is the sup vena cava formed

A

union of left and right brachiocephalic veins

118
Q

joins the posterior aspect of the sup vena cava

A

vena aygos

119
Q

commecnment of the sup vena cava

A

1st chondrosternal joint

120
Q

termination of the sup vena cava

A

3rd costal cart @ right atrium

121
Q

the inferior vena cava pierces what

A

central tendom of diaphragm

122
Q

what level nagpierce si inf vena cava sa central tendon

A

opposite TV8

123
Q

where does the inf vena cava enter

A

lowest part of the right atrium

124
Q

commencement of the inf vena cava

A

level of LV5

125
Q

termination of the inf vena cava

A

3rd costal cart @ right atrium

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