Eyes And Ears Flashcards
apex of the orbital cavity is perforated by
optic foramen
SOF
superior orbital margin
frontal bone + sphenoid lesser wing
Inferior orbital amrgin
Zygoma + maxilla
Medial orbital margin
Process of frontal and maxilla
Lateral orbitla margin
Process of frontal and zygoma
Roof of orbital wall
Orbital plate frontal bone
Lateral orbital wall
Zgyoma and sphenoid greater wing
Floor orbital wall
orbital plate of maxilla
Medial orbital wall
Maxilla
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Formed by lacrimal + ethnoid bone
Lamina papyracea
The lamina papyracea forms the what
Lateral wall of ethmoid air cells
The nasolacrimal canal transmits
nasolacrimal duct
The inferior orbital fissure transmits the
Maxillary nerve (zygo branch)
Sympa nerves
Inf ophth vein
The superior orbital fissure transmits the
Oculo cn3
trochlear cn4
Abducent cn6
Sup ohpth vein
Optic canal transmits the
Ophth artery
Optic nerve
Clinical singificance in inf orb fissure
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Entrance into the conjuctival sac, elliptical opening betwen the eyelids
Palpebral fissure
Sebaceous glands that open directly into eyelash follicles
Glands of Zeis
Ciliary glands, modified sweat glands opening between adjacent eyelashes
Molls
Modified sebaceous, ehich pour secretions into lid amrgin preventing overflow of tears
Tarsal/Meibonian glands
Thin mucous emmbrane lining the eylods
Palpebral conjuctiva
Epithelium continuous with the cornea
Bulbar conjunc
Arching folds connecting the conjuctival membrane inside the yelid with the eyeball
Fornix
Potential space that open into the palpebral fissure
Conjuctival sac
Small space that separates the eyeball to the medial angle of eye
Lacus lacrimalis
Small reddish elevation at the center of the lacus alcrimalis
Caruncula lacrimalis
Reddishs emilunar fold on the lateral side of the caruncula
Plica semilunaris
Small elevation of the eye projects into lacus
Papilla lavrimalis
Small hole on the summit of the pailla that leads into canaliculi lacrimalis
Carry tears to nose
punctum lacrimalis
Fibrous sheath attached to periosteum at the orbital margins
Orbital septum
Thickening of the orbital septum at the margins of the lids
Tarsal plates
Attached to bony tubercle within the orbital margin
Lateral palpebral ligament
Attached to crest of lacrimal bone
Medial palpebral ligament
Tarsal galnds are embedded where
Posterior surface of tarsal plates
Palpebral fibers covering the superf surface of the tarsal plates and setpum
Closes eyelids
Orbicularis oculi
parts of the orbicularis oculi
palbpebral
orbital
the aponeurosis of insertion pierces orbital septum to reach anterior surface of superior tarsal plates and skin
opens the eyelids
levator palpebrae superioris
infections of hair follicle/sebaceous glands
hordeolum (stye)
eye nodules, caused by tarsal gland ifnections, surgically removed
chalazion
presence of orbital cellulitis is secondary to
ethmoiditis
gland that produes tears
lacrimal gland
the lacrimal gland opens into the lateral part of superior fornix by how many glands
12
the lacrimal gland is divided or separated into 2 parts by the
aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae
flow of tears
lacrimal glands > superior fornix > lacus lacrimalis > puncta lacrimalis > canaliculus lacrimalis > lacrimal sac > nasolacrimal duct > inferior nasal meatus
art supply of lacrimal gland
lacrimal artery
NS of lacrimal gland
lacrimal nerve branch of ohpthalmic of trigeminal
sympathetic postganglionic nerve supply of the lacrimanl gland
internal carotid plexus
prevents air from being forced up into the duct when blowing nose
lacrimal fold
common origin of rectus muscles
tendon of Zinn
NS of superior, inferior and medial rectus muscle
occulomotor (CN3)
NS of lateral rectus muscle
abducent CN6 LR6
NS of superior oblique muscle
trochlear (CN4) SO4
NS of inferior oblique muscle
occulomotor CN3
action of sup oblique
downward lateral
action of inferior oblique
upward lateral
the fibrous coat of the eye is composed of
sclera
cornea
part of sclera that is piered by the optic nerve and fused with the dura of the nerve
lamina cribrosa
veins in the eyes are called
venae vorticosae
point of communication of the sclera and cornea
corneoscleral junction (limbus)
innervation of cornea
long ciliary nerves from ohpthalmic of trigeminal
provides oxygen and nourishment to outer retinal layers
choroid
membrane separating the choroid from the retina’s inner pigmented layer
Bruch’s membrane
shallow grooves of the ciliary ring
ciliary striae
produces aqueous humor
ciliary process
the ciliary process is connected to the
suspensory ligaments (Zonular ligament)
ciliary muscles
meridianal
circular
NS of ciliary muscle
parasym - CN3
postgang - short ciliary nerve
action of the ciliary muscles
pull ciliary body forward
release tension of the zonular ligament to increase RI
thin, contractile pigmented diaphragm with a central aprture (pupil)
iris
the iris divides the eye space into
anteriro and posterior chamber
the iris is connected to the ciliary body at the
level of limbus
muscles of iris and action
circular
radial
dilation and constriction
para NS of sphincter pupillae
oculo
postgang of sphincter pupillae
short ciliary
sympa NS of dilator pupillae
long ciliary nerves
layers of the choroid
outer pigmented
inner vascular
layers of the retina
outer pigmented
inner nervous
wavy ring at anterior edge of the retina where enrvous tissue ends
ora serrata
the receptive portion of the retina
posterior 3/4
ocal yellowisharea at the center of the posterior part of the retina, area for most distinct vision
macula lutea
central depression in the poster 3/4 of the retina
fovea centralis
entry of optic nerve in the retina, blind spot, insensitive to light
optic disc
contents of the eyeball
aqeous humor
vitreous humor
lens
where is aqueous humor found
anterior and osterior chamber of eyeball
the aqeous humor flows from the psoterior chamber into the posterior chamber via the
pupil
the aqueous humor is drained througgh the spaces at ____ into the ____
iridocorneal angle
canal of Schlemm
an obstruction to the drainage of the aqueous humor will cause rise in intraocular pressure and lead to
glaucoma
the aqueous humor removes products from the __ and ___
lens
cornea
flow of aqueous humor
ciliary body > cleft of posterior chamber > pupil > anterior chamber > trabecular meshwork > Schlemm @ iridocorneal angle
fills area behind lens
vitreous body
narrow channel running through the vitreous body from the optic disc to the posterior surface of the lens
hyaloid canal
in birth, the hyaloid canal is filled by
hyaline artery
nearsightedness
myopia
transparent, biconvex structure enclosed in a transparent capsule
lens
The lens consists of
Elastic capsule
Cuboidal epithelium
Lens fibers
Makes up the bulk of the lens
Lens fibers
condition where lens become denser and less elastic, less accommodation
Presbyopia
In bright light what happens
contract pupil become smaller
Sa close objects what happens
Ciliary muscle contract and pull ciliary bosy forward inward
collects air vibrations
auricle
the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the auricle is supplied by what nerve
facial
portion of EAM with hair , sebaceous and ceruminous glands
outer 1/3 cartilaginous protion
modified sweat glands that secrete yellowish brown wax
ceruminous glands
bony framework in the EAM formed by the tympanic plate
inner 2/3
NS sensory of the skin lining the ext. ear
auriculotemporal
auricular from vagus
the middle ear is an air-containing cavity in where
petrous part of temporal bone
parts of the temporal bone
mastoid squmous tympanic petrous int. auditory canal
the middle ear contains what that transmits vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the perilymph of the int. ear
auditory ossicles
the auditory ossicles transmit vibrations from
tympanic membrane to perilymph
part of the middle ear that is approxiamtely parallel to the tympanic membrane
long axis
the middle ear communicates with what in front and what behind
eustachian tube (nasopharynx) mastoid antrum
two labyrinths in the inner ear
bone
membranous
the channel connecting the mastoid antrum to the middle ear
aditus ad antrum
the mastoid contains what cells
air cells
the largest air cell in the amstoid
mastoid antrum
the part of the temporal bone that makes up the floor of the EAC
tympanic
the hardest aprt of the temporal bone
petrous
parts of the auricle
helix
antihelix
scapha
crura
primary otalgia involves
the ear itself
secondary referred otalgia involves
CN 1 9 7 5
parts of the tympanic membrane
pars falccida
pars tensa
things seen in the tympanic membrane
manubrium of malleus
umbo
cone of light
incus
which portion of the EAM is prone to infection
outer 1/3
hearing loss involving the outer and middle ear is
conductive hearing loss
hearing loss involving the inner ear is
sensorineural
the superior deficiency of tympanic ring
notch of rivinus
what is attached in the notch of rivinus
pars flaccida
conditon na small pinna
microtia
condtiion na no canal
atresia
condition na no pinna
anotia
conditon na narrowed canal
stenosis
undrained hematoma in the auricle may lead to
cauliflower ear
common site where foreign shit is lodged
isthmus
layers of the tympanic membrane
outer squamous
middle fiber
inner mucous
roof of the middle ear
tegmen tympani
the tegmen tympani is part of what bone
petrous
the the floor of the middle ear separates the middle ear from
IJV
the anterior wall of the middle ear seaprates the tymapnic caity from the
ICA
the openings of the anterior wall of middle ear opens into where
lower larger - auditory tube
upper smaller - canal for tensor tympani
the posterior wall of the middle ear contains
vertical facial nerve
tendon of stapedius muscle
aditus
the only membranous wall of the middle ear
lateral wall
the lateral wall of the middle ear contains
tympanic mambrane with the chrorda tympani
closed by the stapes
oval window/fenestra vestibule
closed by the scond tympanic membrane
round window/fenestra cochlea
the medial wall or labyrinth of the middle ear contains
horizontal facial
pulley which the tendon of the tensor tympani bends laterally to reach insertion on the handle of the malleus
processus cochleariformis
rounded projection in the medial wall of the middle ear
promontory
small hollow conical projection in the posterior wall of the middle ear
pyramid
small depression at the depth of the concavity of the tympanic membrane
umbo
small triangular area on the tympanic membrane bounded by the folds
pars flaccida
remainder of the membrane that is tense
pars tensa
bound down to inner surface of the tympanic membrane by the mucous membrane
handle of the malleus
the tympanic memrbane is extremely senstive to
pain
the hypotympanum corresponds to the
eustachiaan tube
boneossicle with head, neck no body
malleus
ossicle with body no head
incus
ossicle with head, limbs and base
stapes
head of the malleus articulates with the
incus
the handle of the malleus is firmly attached to
medial surface of eardrums
istapes head + lenticular process of incus forms
incudostapedial joint
part of the stapes that closes the oval window
footplate
part of the stapes that receives isnertion of the stapedius muscle
neck
action of the ossicle muscles
dampens vibrations of
eardrums - tensor tympani
stapes - stapedius
as the eustachian tube desceds, it passes over the upper border of what
superior constrictor border
purpose of eustachian tube
equalizes pressure bet. tympanic cavity and nasopharynx
NS of tensor tympan9i
mandibular branch trigeminal
NS of stapedius
facial
insertion of tensor tympani
handle of mlleus
origin of stapedius
pyramid in posterior wall of middle ear
3 pats of the inner ear
cochlea
vestibule
canals
clear fluid where memrbranoius labyrinth is suspended
perilymph
central part of the labyrinth
vestibule
vestibule contains what
saccule
utricle
semicircular canals open into
posterior part of vesetibule
swelling at the end of each canala
ampulla
found within the canals
semicircular ducts
orientation for vertical direction
saccule
orientation for horizontal direction
utricle
opens into the anterior part of the vestibule
cochlea
which part of cochlea is for low frequency
apex
which part of cochlea is for high freuqncy
base
perforated by the branches of the cochlear nerve
modiolus
winds around the modiolus, projects into the anterior of the canal and partially divides it
spiral lamina
membranes in the cochlea
reissner’s
basilar
the only communication in apex of the cochlea between vestibuli and scala tympani
helicorema
main hearing organ
organ of Corti
main balance organ
macula
produces the perilymph
stria vascularis
which contains endolymph
scala media
separates scala vestibuli from media
reissner’s
separates scala tympani from media
basilar membrane
electrolyte content of bony labyrinth
high sodium
low potassium
electrolye content of membranous labyrinth
high potassium
low sodium
only part of the ear with double innervation
saccule
NS of the saccule
sup and inf vesdtibular nerve
which sac of the vestibule is larger
utricle
saccule and utricle are for ___ motion while the canals are for __ motion
linear
angular
connects the cochlea into the saccule
ductus reuniens
the organ of corti lies in the
basilar membrane
the vestibulocochlear nerve is found where
bottom of internal acoustic meatus
the vestibular nerve expanded to form the
vestibular ganglion
the vestibular nerve supplies
utricle
saccule
ampulla of canals
the cochlear nerve enters the foramina where
base of the mdoiolus
immediate n of the corti
peripheral branches of the sensory ganglion of the cochlear nerve
