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History of Americas > Middle East Terms > Flashcards

Middle East Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Spreading, movement, migration, scattering of a people away from established homeland - in this case Jewish people

A

Diaspora

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2
Q

Father of modern Zionism, promoted Jewish state in Palestine, believed establishment of Jewish state was only way of protecting Jews from anti-semitism

A

Theodor Herzl

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3
Q

Secret agreement 1916 between Britain and France that established spheres of influence for each after the Ottoman Empire was divided

A

Sykes-Picot

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4
Q

Letter from foreign secretary Arthur to “Britain’s most illustrious citizen” Baron Rothschild showing British government support for Jewish home land in Palestine

A

Balfour Declaration

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5
Q

After WWII French and British split up land into these

A

Mandates

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6
Q

First prime minister of Israel, declared a state of Israel, first Jewish state in 2000 years

A

David Ben-Gurion

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7
Q

Established in response to UK government request that general assembly make recommendations concerning the future of Palestine, had an acronym

A

UNSCOP 1947

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8
Q

Millions of Jews killed by Nazis, significantly strengthened argument for Jewish home land

A

Holocaust

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9
Q

Formed to foster economic growth in the region, resolve disputes between members, coordinate political aims

Representatives from Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Yemen meet in Cairo to establish this group

A

Arab League

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10
Q

Israeli group that believed that the only way to ensure Jews had access to Palestine was through military force, known for Deir Yassin massacre

A

Irgun

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11
Q

Means “day of catastrophe”, refers to displacement of Palestinians that was associated with the Israeli independence of 1948

A

An-Nakba

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12
Q

Organization that had peacekeeping missions during Suez Crisis, called upon Egypt to terminate restrictions on passage of international goods through sued canal

A

UNSC

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13
Q

Israel force formed in 1948, Israel’s conscription military utilized in all major conflicts after 1948

A

IDF

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14
Q

Belief/policy that a two state solution was not possible, so Israel had to expand to ensure its security, if it did not expand it would be too vulnerable

A

Defensive expansionism

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15
Q
  • Considered by some to be ethnic cleansing, by others as transfer
  • when Israeli forces swept through clearing Arab villages in anticipation of their Declaration of Independence in 1948
A

Plan Dalet

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16
Q
  • April 9 1948, Zionist paramilitary groups attack a Palestinian Arab village of 600 people
  • Killings condemned under leadership of Haganah
A

Deir Yassin

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17
Q

Ideology that rose in prominence in 1950s that there should be political, cultural, religious, historical unity among Arab nations

A

Arab nationalism

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18
Q

Every positive action for one player has an equal and opposite negative impact to the other, a gain for one side would be negative for the other

A

Zero sum

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19
Q

A coup was staged in Egyptian revolution of 1952 to abdicate this king of Egypt

A

King Farouk

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20
Q

Prominent political party dissolved in 1952 after the Egyptian revolution after failing to boycott Farouk’s government

A

WAFD

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21
Q

President of Egypt, nationalized Suez Canal 1956

A

Final Nasser

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22
Q

Major shipping waterway, Nasser nationalized in retaliation to US pulling the funding to build the Aswan Dam

A

Suez Canal

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23
Q

Israeli military occupied during the Six Day War, was controlled by Egypt

A

Sinai peninsula

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24
Q

“Those who sacrifice themselves”, type of volunteer militant group established by Nasser

A

Fedayeen

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25
Q

Military alliance of Western nations that have mutual defense pact, and will come to each other’s aid in case of invasion

A

NATO

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26
Q

Nasser originally had US funding for, lost support after Nasser recognized PRC, USSR relations were beginning to be established with Nasser

A

Aswan dam

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27
Q

Secretary of State under Eisenhower, wanted aggressive attitude towards communism, helped pioneer the ideas of brinksmanship and massive retaliation

A

John Foster Dulles

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28
Q

Essentially, any Middle East country could request American economic assistance and aid from US military forces if they faced armed aggression by another nation

A

Eisenhower Doctrine

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29
Q

Led Soviet Union 1958-1964, instigated Cuban missile crisis, approved Berlin Wall

A

Khrushchev

30
Q

Largest faction of PLO, founded by Arafat

A

Fatah

31
Q

Founded in 1964, with goal of liberating palestine through armed struggle, considered territorial group by U.S. And Israel until 1991

A

PLO

32
Q

Ideology that arose in 1950 that there should be political, historical, religious, cultural unity among nations

A

Arab nationalism

33
Q

Group of states that are not with/against any power bloc, founded 1961 as an attempted to thwart the Cold War

A

Non-aligned movement

34
Q

Palestinian organization founded in 1970, most known for 1972 Olympics

A

Black September

35
Q

Massacre at 1972 Olympic Games, 11 Israeli athletes killed by Palestinian terrorist group black September

A

Munich 1972

36
Q

One of factions under PLO, described as terrorist organization by US, Popular front for the liberation of Palestine in 1967

A

PFLP

37
Q

Israel attacked Egyptian forces in the Sinai as well as Syria and Jordan, quickly and relatively easily won quite a bit of land

A

Six day war

38
Q

Israeli prime minister
Before that oversaw Israel’s victory in six day war
Helped peace process in second era of ruling in Oslo peace accords

A

Yitzhak Rabin

39
Q

Jordan water occupied territory captured in 6 day war

A

West Bank

40
Q

Region of contest during six day war between Egypt and Israel

A

Sinai

41
Q

Israel seized from Syria in six day war

A

Golan heights

42
Q

East coast of Mediterranean Sea occupied by Israel after six day war

A

Gaza Strip

43
Q

UNSC adopted after six day war, essentially an effort to end Arab Israeli conflict, blueprint for later peace talks, Israel gives back some land from 6 day war

A

Resolution 242

44
Q

War fought by coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria, surprise attack, Jewish holiday

A

Yom Kippur war 1973

45
Q

Formed in 1960 in Baghdad conference, organized to resist pressure of seven large western oil companies

A

OPEC

46
Q

Third president of Egypt, close confidant of Nasser and succeeded him as president, received the Nobel peace prize

A

Anwar Sadat

47
Q

King of Jordan since abdication of father in 1952, recognized Israel in 1994

A

King Hussein

48
Q

6 prime minister of Israel, used to lead Irgun, during his lead Irguns targeted Arabs, received Nobel peace prize

A

Menachem begin

49
Q

Signed September 1978 by Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli prime minister menachem begin after 12 days of secret negation

A

Camp david

50
Q

Legislative branch of Israeli government that passes all laws, elected president and PM, approved cabinet

A

Knesset

51
Q

President that oversaw signing of camp david accords which were framework of peace between Egypt and Israel, president from 1977-1981

A

Jimmy carter

52
Q

Anwar sadat and menachem begin receive

A

Nobel peace prize

53
Q

After 1956 empty agrees to open this waterway to Israeli shipping again

A

Straits of Tiran

54
Q

Balfour declaration

A

1917

55
Q

British mandate

A

1920

56
Q

UNSCOP and partition

A

1947

57
Q

Independence and War

A

1948

58
Q

Peace and Israel is admitted to UN

A

1949

59
Q

King Farouk is ousted in Egypt

A

1952

60
Q

Nasser comes to power

A

1954

61
Q

Nasser nationalized canal, France, Britain, Israel intervene

A

1956

62
Q

Eisenhower doctrine announced

A

1957

63
Q

PLO is founded

A

1964

64
Q

Six day war and UN resolution 242

A

1967

65
Q

Nasser dies and Sadat comes to power

A

1970

66
Q

Munich Olympics

A

1972

67
Q

Yom Kippur war and oil embargo

A

1973

68
Q

Sadat speaks before Knesset

A

1977

69
Q

Camp David accords, Nobel peace prize

A

1978

70
Q

Egypt-Israel peace treaty

A

1979

71
Q

International nationalist Jewish political movement that supported the establishment of Jewish home land in Israel

A

Zionism

History of Americas (2 decks)

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