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Middle East Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Spreading, movement, migration, scattering of a people away from established homeland - in this case Jewish people

A

Diaspora

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2
Q

Father of modern Zionism, promoted Jewish state in Palestine, believed establishment of Jewish state was only way of protecting Jews from anti-semitism

A

Theodor Herzl

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3
Q

Secret agreement 1916 between Britain and France that established spheres of influence for each after the Ottoman Empire was divided

A

Sykes-Picot

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4
Q

Letter from foreign secretary Arthur to “Britain’s most illustrious citizen” Baron Rothschild showing British government support for Jewish home land in Palestine

A

Balfour Declaration

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5
Q

After WWII French and British split up land into these

A

Mandates

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6
Q

First prime minister of Israel, declared a state of Israel, first Jewish state in 2000 years

A

David Ben-Gurion

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7
Q

Established in response to UK government request that general assembly make recommendations concerning the future of Palestine, had an acronym

A

UNSCOP 1947

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8
Q

Millions of Jews killed by Nazis, significantly strengthened argument for Jewish home land

A

Holocaust

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9
Q

Formed to foster economic growth in the region, resolve disputes between members, coordinate political aims

Representatives from Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Transjordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Yemen meet in Cairo to establish this group

A

Arab League

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10
Q

Israeli group that believed that the only way to ensure Jews had access to Palestine was through military force, known for Deir Yassin massacre

A

Irgun

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11
Q

Means “day of catastrophe”, refers to displacement of Palestinians that was associated with the Israeli independence of 1948

A

An-Nakba

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12
Q

Organization that had peacekeeping missions during Suez Crisis, called upon Egypt to terminate restrictions on passage of international goods through sued canal

A

UNSC

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13
Q

Israel force formed in 1948, Israel’s conscription military utilized in all major conflicts after 1948

A

IDF

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14
Q

Belief/policy that a two state solution was not possible, so Israel had to expand to ensure its security, if it did not expand it would be too vulnerable

A

Defensive expansionism

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15
Q
  • Considered by some to be ethnic cleansing, by others as transfer
  • when Israeli forces swept through clearing Arab villages in anticipation of their Declaration of Independence in 1948
A

Plan Dalet

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16
Q
  • April 9 1948, Zionist paramilitary groups attack a Palestinian Arab village of 600 people
  • Killings condemned under leadership of Haganah
A

Deir Yassin

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17
Q

Ideology that rose in prominence in 1950s that there should be political, cultural, religious, historical unity among Arab nations

A

Arab nationalism

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18
Q

Every positive action for one player has an equal and opposite negative impact to the other, a gain for one side would be negative for the other

A

Zero sum

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19
Q

A coup was staged in Egyptian revolution of 1952 to abdicate this king of Egypt

A

King Farouk

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20
Q

Prominent political party dissolved in 1952 after the Egyptian revolution after failing to boycott Farouk’s government

A

WAFD

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21
Q

President of Egypt, nationalized Suez Canal 1956

A

Final Nasser

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22
Q

Major shipping waterway, Nasser nationalized in retaliation to US pulling the funding to build the Aswan Dam

A

Suez Canal

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23
Q

Israeli military occupied during the Six Day War, was controlled by Egypt

A

Sinai peninsula

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24
Q

“Those who sacrifice themselves”, type of volunteer militant group established by Nasser

A

Fedayeen

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25
Military alliance of Western nations that have mutual defense pact, and will come to each other's aid in case of invasion
NATO
26
Nasser originally had US funding for, lost support after Nasser recognized PRC, USSR relations were beginning to be established with Nasser
Aswan dam
27
Secretary of State under Eisenhower, wanted aggressive attitude towards communism, helped pioneer the ideas of brinksmanship and massive retaliation
John Foster Dulles
28
Essentially, any Middle East country could request American economic assistance and aid from US military forces if they faced armed aggression by another nation
Eisenhower Doctrine
29
Led Soviet Union 1958-1964, instigated Cuban missile crisis, approved Berlin Wall
Khrushchev
30
Largest faction of PLO, founded by Arafat
Fatah
31
Founded in 1964, with goal of liberating palestine through armed struggle, considered territorial group by U.S. And Israel until 1991
PLO
32
Ideology that arose in 1950 that there should be political, historical, religious, cultural unity among nations
Arab nationalism
33
Group of states that are not with/against any power bloc, founded 1961 as an attempted to thwart the Cold War
Non-aligned movement
34
Palestinian organization founded in 1970, most known for 1972 Olympics
Black September
35
Massacre at 1972 Olympic Games, 11 Israeli athletes killed by Palestinian terrorist group black September
Munich 1972
36
One of factions under PLO, described as terrorist organization by US, Popular front for the liberation of Palestine in 1967
PFLP
37
Israel attacked Egyptian forces in the Sinai as well as Syria and Jordan, quickly and relatively easily won quite a bit of land
Six day war
38
Israeli prime minister Before that oversaw Israel's victory in six day war Helped peace process in second era of ruling in Oslo peace accords
Yitzhak Rabin
39
Jordan water occupied territory captured in 6 day war
West Bank
40
Region of contest during six day war between Egypt and Israel
Sinai
41
Israel seized from Syria in six day war
Golan heights
42
East coast of Mediterranean Sea occupied by Israel after six day war
Gaza Strip
43
UNSC adopted after six day war, essentially an effort to end Arab Israeli conflict, blueprint for later peace talks, Israel gives back some land from 6 day war
Resolution 242
44
War fought by coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria, surprise attack, Jewish holiday
Yom Kippur war 1973
45
Formed in 1960 in Baghdad conference, organized to resist pressure of seven large western oil companies
OPEC
46
Third president of Egypt, close confidant of Nasser and succeeded him as president, received the Nobel peace prize
Anwar Sadat
47
King of Jordan since abdication of father in 1952, recognized Israel in 1994
King Hussein
48
6 prime minister of Israel, used to lead Irgun, during his lead Irguns targeted Arabs, received Nobel peace prize
Menachem begin
49
Signed September 1978 by Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli prime minister menachem begin after 12 days of secret negation
Camp david
50
Legislative branch of Israeli government that passes all laws, elected president and PM, approved cabinet
Knesset
51
President that oversaw signing of camp david accords which were framework of peace between Egypt and Israel, president from 1977-1981
Jimmy carter
52
Anwar sadat and menachem begin receive
Nobel peace prize
53
After 1956 empty agrees to open this waterway to Israeli shipping again
Straits of Tiran
54
Balfour declaration
1917
55
British mandate
1920
56
UNSCOP and partition
1947
57
Independence and War
1948
58
Peace and Israel is admitted to UN
1949
59
King Farouk is ousted in Egypt
1952
60
Nasser comes to power
1954
61
Nasser nationalized canal, France, Britain, Israel intervene
1956
62
Eisenhower doctrine announced
1957
63
PLO is founded
1964
64
Six day war and UN resolution 242
1967
65
Nasser dies and Sadat comes to power
1970
66
Munich Olympics
1972
67
Yom Kippur war and oil embargo
1973
68
Sadat speaks before Knesset
1977
69
Camp David accords, Nobel peace prize
1978
70
Egypt-Israel peace treaty
1979
71
International nationalist Jewish political movement that supported the establishment of Jewish home land in Israel
Zionism

History of Americas (2 decks)

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