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Geography PAP > Middle East. > Flashcards

Middle East. Flashcards

0
Q

What 6 things make a civilization?

A
  • permanent cities
  • trade
  • written reports
  • agriculture
  • craft specialization
  • religion/ government
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1
Q

Where and when did civilization begin at?

A

Mesopotamia at 3000 BCE

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2
Q

When and What was the first city created called

A

Hyyuk in 6800 BCE

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3
Q

What was Hyyuk built around

A

Bazaars and ziggurats

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4
Q

What was the oldest law of code

A

Hammaurabis Code

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5
Q

When and where was Judaism founded

A

~2000 BCE in Mesopotamia and modern day Iraq/Israel

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6
Q

How did Judaism begin

A

With the departure of Abraham from Mesopotamia to Caan (Isael)

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7
Q

Who was Abraham and Moses

A

The founders/ important figures of Judaism.

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8
Q

What is the oral tradition of Judaism called

A

Talmud

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9
Q

What are the three major branches of Judaism

A

Orthodox
Conservative
Reform

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10
Q

What is Diaspora

A

The scattering of the Hebrews/Jewish people all over the region die to persecution.

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11
Q

What is Kosher

A

Conforming to the law of the Torah

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12
Q

What are some of the holy days and celebrations for Judaism.

A

Hannaka
Yom Kippur
Rosh hashnana
Passover

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13
Q

What are two symbols of Judaism

A

The Star of David

The shield of David

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14
Q

What is the most religious location for Judaism

A

The western wall

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15
Q

When, where, an who is the birth of Christianity

A

Judaea
7BCE
Jesus Christ

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16
Q

Who took the word of Christianity out of the Jewish world?

A

St. Paul

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17
Q

When and where did Islam originate from

A 
622 CE
Hega peninsula (modern day Saudi Arabia)
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18
Q

What is Hegia

A

The flight of Muhammed to medina

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19
Q

What is an imam and a mullah

A

Muslim religious leaders

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20
Q

What is Hadith

A

Sayings and deeds of Muhammed

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21
Q

What are the 5 pillars of Muslim faith

A
  1. Profession of faith
  2. Prayer of worship 5x a day facing Mecca
  3. Giving to the poor
  4. Fasting during Ramadan
  5. Hajj
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22
Q

What is Sharia

A

Law of the Koran

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23
Q

Why is the most sacred location for Muslims

A

Kaaba, the sacred stone in Mecca

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24
Q

What does MENA stand for

A

Middle East and North Africa

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25
Q

What climates dominate this region

A

Arid and semi arid

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26
Q

What is the dominate biome of the Middle East

A

Desert

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27
Q

What resource is very valuable in the Middle East

A

Water

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28
Q

What resource is very plentiful in the Middle East

A

Oil

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29
Q

What is desalination

A

The removal of salt from ocean water for human use

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30
Q

What are three important choke points in the Middle East.

A

Suiz canal
Strait or hornez
Bosporus

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31
Q

What is an Arab.

A

Culture and race of people in the Middle East

32
Q

What is the cultural hearth of the Middle East

A

Arabian peninsula

33
Q

What does OPEC stand for

A

Organization of the petroleum exporting countries

34
Q

What is the league of Arab states

A

The promotion of peace and prosperity among the middle eastern countries

35
Q

What was the Arab spring

A

Series of uprisings against corrupt government leaders.

36
Q

What countries saw the Arab spring

A 
Tunisia 
Yemen
Jordan
Libya 
Bahrain
Syria 
Egypt
37
Q

What challenges face the Middle East today

A
  1. Modernization and keeping their traditions

2. Cooperating with one another.

38
Q

What are three major reasons why we go to war

A

Resources
Ideological differences
Territory

39
Q

What is the movement of Jews back to their ancestral home

A

Zionism

40
Q

What are the four wars Israel fought with it’s surrounding neighbors

A

1948 Israeli war for independence
1956 siez war
1967 six day war
1973 Yom Kippur war

41
Q

What five places did Israel occupy after 1948

A 
West Bank 
Gaza Strip
Sinai peninsula 
Golan heights
Southern Lebanon
42
Q

What were two attempts at establishing peace

A

Camp David accords

Oslo accords

43
Q

What is the war on terror

A

War between terrorism and the USA and it’s allies

Common term for military, political, legal, and ideological battle against Islamic terrorism

44
Q

What mountain path lies between Afghanistan and Pakistan

A

Kyber pass

45
Q

What are the three largest groups in Afghanistan

A

Pastan-38%
Hazara
Tajik

46
Q

What divided Pakistan from Afghanistan

A

Durand line

47
Q

What mountain lies in afganastan

A

Hindu Kush

48
Q

When and Why did the soviets invade Afghanistan

A

1979- the people were anti communist and pro Muslim so the soviet troops were sent there to keep the state communist.

49
Q

What wars did Afghanistan take part of

A

Soviet/afgan war
Afgan civil rights
Us invation of Afghanistan

50
Q

What attacks did al Qaeda do

A

1988- World Trade Center bombing
1998-bombing of American embassy in Kenya
2000- bombing of the uss cole
2001- 9/11

51
Q

What was the operation NATO and the USA did in 2001

A

Operation enduring freedom

52
Q

What is the loya jirga

A

New Democratic government of afganastan

53
Q

What significant event happened in 2011

A

Death of Osama bin laden

54
Q

Iraq was historically known as what

A

Mesopotamia

Cradle of civilization.

55
Q

What two Muslim groups have historically struggled for control of Iraq

A

Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims

56
Q

Who took control of Iraq after WWI

A

Britain

57
Q

Who did the British put in charge of Iraq

A

Sunni Muslim King named King Faisal

58
Q

What happened to King Faisal

A

A military coup overthrew the King and a military dictatorship seized power.

59
Q

What happened in 1980

A

Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq

60
Q

Who was Saddam hussain

A

The president of Iraq and the head of the Arab socialist Ba’ath party

61
Q

What all did Saddams rule accomplish

A

Modernized the country
More secular
Built roads, electricity, infrastructure
Built Iraqi military

62
Q

What three ethnic groups exist today in Iraq

A

Sunni
Shia
Kurds

63
Q

Iraq currently has the ________ highest oil reserve

A

Second

64
Q

In 1980, who did Iraq invade

A

Iran

65
Q

In 1990 who did Iraq invade

A

Kuwait

66
Q

Why organization was established after WWII

A

The United Nations

67
Q

What branch of the UN decided to use force to remove Iraq from Kuwait

A

The UN severity council

69
Q

What environmental disaster did Iraq create when they retreated from Kuwait

A
  1. Set fire to oil wells

2. Dumped millions of oil in the Persian gulf

70
Q

What 3 reasons did the USA give to invade Iraq

A

Iraq violated UN demands
Har boring terrorists
Had weapons of mass destruction

71
Q

What is WMD & IED

A

Weapons of mass destruction

Improvised exploding devices

72
Q

What is sectarian violence

A

Ethnic groups fighting and terrorizing one another

73
Q

What kind of government does Iraq have today

A

Iraq National Assembly

89
Q

What was the operation the UN did on afganastan in 2003

A

Operation desert storm

90
Q

Who fought over the island of Cyprus?

A

The Turks and Greeks.

91
Q

What is the green line

A

UN made line that divides the country between the Turkish and Greek side.

92
Q

Who is the worlds largest landless minority?

A

Kurds.

93
Q

What is an ayatollah.

A

A Shia Muslim leader.

Geography PAP (8 decks)

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