Middle East: 1957 to 1990 Flashcards
What dates were the Six Day War?
5th. June - 10th. June
What year was the Six Day War?
1967
What were the main causes of the Six Day War?
- PLO formation in 1964 (umbrella organisation). The biggest group was Fatah.
- Fatah carrying out raids into Israel from Syria, Jordan and Lebanon (especially Syria).
- Deterioration of Israeli-Syrian relations (air fight on April 7th).
- Nasser removes UN forces from Sinai, closes Straits of Tiran (May 22)
- Egyptian, Syrian and Jordanian Defence Pact.
- Subtle US support stated for Israel in 2nd Israeli Delegation.
When did Nasser close the Straits of Tiran?
May 22nd 1967
When did Nasser move Egyptian troops into Sinai?
May 15th 1967
When was the air fight between Israeli and Syrian planes?
April 7th 1967
When did Israel knock out Egyptian, Syrian and Jordanian air forces and how long did it take?
5th June
- 4 hours
Who won the Six Day?
Israel
What year was the Yom Kippur War?
1973
What years were the First Gulf War?
1990 - 1991
What years were the Iran-Iraq War?
1980 - 1988
How many Iranians died in the Iran-Iraq War?
1 million
How many Iraqis died in the Iran-Iraq War?
500,000
Who was the leader of Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war and the First/Second Gulf Wars?
Saddam Hussein
Who was the leader of Iran during the Iran-Iraq war?
Ayatollah Khomeini
What year was the Eisenhower Doctrine and what was it triggered by?
1957, by increasing Soviet influence as a result of the 1955 Czech Arms Deal
What were the causes of the First Gulf War?
- Iraq’s economy damaged by Iran-Iraq War
- Attempts to overthrow Hussein from 1988 to 1990
- Kuwait demanding $14 billion loan repayment
- Iraq accuse Kuwait of drilling beneath the border to access Iraqi oil.
How many countries and how many troops made up the UN coalition against Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait?
- Examples of Arab/Muslim nations in the coalition?
34 countries
600,000 troops
- Egypt, Syria, Pakistan
How did the UN respond to the invasion of Kuwait?
Trade sanctions
600,000 troop coalition
What was the result of the First Gulf War?
Iraq driven out of Kuwait
No fly zones for Kurds in north and Shia in south.
UN search of weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
How did Iraq retaliate to the air assault at the beginning of the First Gulf War?
Fired Scud missiles into Israel. Israel was persuaded by the USA to not retaliate.
Who supported Iraq in the Iran-Iraq War?
Gulf states, Egypt, Jordan, Saudis and the West.
Why did the USA support the Iraqis with weapons in the Iran-Iraq War?
Iran was threatening Baghdad
Iran was eager to export the Islamic Revolution to other countries
Fearful of losing Iraqi Oil
What was the US’s role in the 1973 Yom Kippur War?
US provided arms to Israel but instructed against the overthrowing of Cairo.
What was the USSR’s role in the 1973 Yom Kippur War?
USSR supplied arms and 4000 advisers to Syria and Egypt. However, their influence was declining due to their failure to strengthen both nations enough to beat Israel.
What was the 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine?
The USA’s aim to increase its influence in the Middle East and fill the power vacuum left by the UK and France following their defeat in the 1956 Suez Crisis.
