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Stuarts > Middle East > Flashcards

Middle East Flashcards

1
Q

What was pre WW1 Russia’s aims?

A
  • strengthen trading with Iran and Caucasian region
  • Protect their Slavic brothers in the Balkans from Ottoman impression
  • Maintaining their presence in Azerbaijan due to the oil
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2
Q

What were Britain’s pre WW1 aims?

A
  • protecting the Suez canal and their oil fields in the Persian Gulf. Also, if war breaks out in Europe they need the canal to bring Indian troops over
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3
Q

Why was the Ottoman empire under so much threat of being taken over?

A

They had the land between Europe and eastern Asia and they had good supplies e.g oil.

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4
Q

What was the Balfour declaration?

A

The Balfour Declaration was the first time the British government endorsed the establishment of “a national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine

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5
Q

What went wrong for Britain in the middle East in WW1 by 1916?

A
  • January 1915, Ottomans failed to take the Suez canal. British left concerned
  • British sent Indian Expeditionary force to Persia
  • British advance on Baghdad, humiliating surrender in April 1916. 13000 prisoners
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6
Q

Success of Arab revolt

A
  • got independence from ottomans
  • Guerrilla tactics
  • Red sea was kept open
  • Hejaz railway immobilized
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7
Q

Failures of the Arab revolt

A
  • lack of expected help
  • finally got freedom but after WW1they were under British control
  • first attack on ottomans failed
  • unable to capture medina
  • ottomans army was already weak from hunger and disease
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8
Q

When was the Balfour Declaration?

A

1917

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9
Q

When was the Sykes Picot agreement?

A

1916

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10
Q

What was the Sykes Picot agreement?

A

Britain and France had agreed that after the war they would share the Arab Turkey land and rule them

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11
Q

What was the Balfour declaration?

A
  • British were bogged down in the wall and wanted the USA in
  • Britain, new Jews in America had great influence
  • Therefore the British supported the idea of a Jewish homeland
  • Was made in the form of a letter to Lord Rothschild
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12
Q

Why did Britain make the Sykes Picot agreement?

A
  • Vital to maintain ally with France
  • extensive trading links in the Middle East
  • Britain wanted to protect the Suez Canal
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13
Q

What was the league of Nations mandate?

A

Britain and France will give a mandates to govern certain countries until they were ready to govern themselves

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14
Q

In the league of Nations mandate which countries were given to France?

A

Lebanon and Syria

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15
Q

In the league of Nations mandate which countries were given to Britain?

A

Palestine, trans Jordan and Iraq

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16
Q

When did France expel Faisal from the throne?

A

1921

17
Q

In 1921 what happened in Lebanon?

A

They were given a Christian president and a Muslim Prime Minister

18
Q

When did Lebanon and Syria join the United Nations as an independent country?

A

1945

19
Q

When did Transjordan become independent

A

1923

20
Q

What was the attitude of the Palestinian Arabs after WW2?

A
  • they felt the holocaust was the west’s fault as it happened it Europe and therefore thought the west was responsible for creating a Jewish homeland
  • Heavily opposed to a Jewish homeland in Palestine
21
Q

What actions did Zionist groups take against British targets?

A
  • July 1946, Irgun bombed King David Hotel in Jerusalem killing 88 people
  • Feb 1947, 20 British soldiers were killed in the officers club in Jerusalem
22
Q

What was the significance of the ship Exodus?

A
  • Britain sent home 4500 Jewish refugees from Europe who were travelling on the ship
  • Zionists gained national sympathy
  • British authorities faced widespread criticism
23
Q

In what ways did support of Zionists grow in the USA after WW2?

A
  • Jews in America put pressure on US governments
  • After the war nearly all american Jews (4.5 million) were Zionist fighting for a Jewish homeland
  • Bitmore declaration
  • Truman supported partition plan and called on Britain to let 100,000 Jewish refugees into Palestine

Stuarts (3 decks)

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