Middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the middle ear is to…

A

Transmit sound from acoustical energy to mechanical energy

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2
Q

The middle ear cavity is air filled or fluid filled?

A

Air filled

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3
Q

The superior portion of the middle ear cavity is called the…

A

Epitympanic Recess

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4
Q

The bulge of the cochlea into the middle ear cavity is called the…

A

Promontory

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5
Q

The outer rim of the tympanic membrane is called the…

A

Tympanic Annulus

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6
Q

The major portion of the tympanic membrane that makes up 1/9 of it by area

A

Pars flaccida

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7
Q

The major portion of the tympanic membrane that makes up 8/9 of it by area

A

Pars tensa

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8
Q

When performing otoscopy on a patient’s left ear, the cone of light would be at…

A

7 o’clock

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9
Q

The ossicles are suspended in the middle ear cavity.

A

True

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10
Q

The footplate of the stapes makes contact with which structure?

A

Oval window

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11
Q

Which part of the malleus makes contact with the tympanic membrane?

A

Manubrium (Handle)

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12
Q

The two muscles suspending the ossicles in the middle ear cavity are the _______ and the _______.

A

Stapedius muscle
Tensor tympani muscle

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13
Q

What is the function of the ossicles?

A

The ossicles collectively transmit sound from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea

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14
Q

Name the structure that controls the pressure of the middle ear

A

Eustachian Tube

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15
Q

The first 1/3 of the eustachian tube is the ____ portion and is ___ mm long

A

Bony
12

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16
Q

The remaining 2/3 of the eustachian tube is the ____ portion and is ___ mm long

A

Cartilaginous
18-24

17
Q

The eustachian tube opens when a person is _____, _____ or experiences _____

A

Chewing
Yawning
A change in atmospheric pressure

18
Q

The eustachian tube is controlled by the _____ and _____ muscles

A

Levator Veli Palatini
Tensor Veli Palatini

19
Q

What are the differences between adult and pediatric eustachian tubes?

A

The adult eustachian tube sits at a 45 degree angle, while the pediatric eustachian tube is more flat

20
Q

What does the tensor tympani do?

A

Pulls the handle of the malleus medially
Tenses the tympanic membrane

21
Q

What does the stapedius muscle do?

A

Dampens vibrations passed to the cochlea via the oval window

22
Q

The malleus and incus move together in a ______ motion while the stapedial footplate moves in a _____ motion at the oval window

A

pivot-like
rocking

23
Q

Impedance is the…..

A

The opposition to the flow of energy or the reluctance to accept energy

24
Q

A mismatch in impedance in the auditory system is caused by _____.

A

A difference in impedance between air (the conductive medium of the middle) and fluid (specifically perilymph, the conductive medium of the scala vestibuli and scala tympani).

25
Name the three components of the middle ear transformer
Area differential between the TM and stapedial footplate The lever action of the ossicular chain The buckling effect of the curved membranous structure of the TM
26
Rank the three components of ME transformer by contribution
Area differential between the TM and stapedial footplate The buckling effect of the curved membranous structure of the TM The lever action of the ossicular chain
27
What is the total effect of the ME transformer?
40:1 or 32 dB increase in gain that allows the middle ear to overcome impedance mismatch
28
The ME transformer does not change by frequency
False, it dampens low frequency sounds
29
What is the resonance of the ossicles?
2 kHz
30
What is the resonance of the middle ear collectively?
800 - 1200 Hz
31
What is the source of the occlusion effect?
When sound is trapped in the inside the EAC, the trapped sound is amplified
32
Label the middle ear
33
Label the middle ear
34
Label the ossicles