Middle Childhood Flashcards
Study middle childhood psychology
Child obesity Physical Patterns
Grow average of 2-3in per year
Gain 5-7 pounds per year
Cephalocaudal pattern has now resulted in head circumference becoming more proportionate w/total body weight
Proximodistal pattern progressed to limbs
Boys gain in gross motor
Girls more advanced in fine motor
Child Obesity Causes
Genetics
Socioeconomic status (lack of education of healthy behaviors + stress)
Poor behavioral pattern
Less physical activity
Child obesity consequences
Low self esteem
Depression
Social exclusion
ADHD Patterns
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity
Hyperactivity
Person moves constantly *including situations which its not appropriate
Excessive fidgets, taps, talks
Adults: Extreme restlessness or wearing others out w/constant activity
Inactiviton
Wanders off task
Lacks persistence
Difficult sustaining sustaining focus
Disorganized
*problems due w/defiance or lack of comprehension
Impulsivity
Makes hasty actions that occur in the moment w/o thinking *may have high potential for harm
Desire for immediate rewards
Social/intrusive- interrupt others
ADHD causes
Genes
Cigarette smoke, alcohol, drug use during pregnancy
Environmental toxins during pregnancy or at young age
Low birth weight
Brain injury
ADHD Treatment
Medication
Psychotherapy/Psychosocial Intervention
Piaget Concrete Operations Benefits/Limitations
Benefits- Conservation, Classification, Seriation, Logical Thinking?
Limits- abstract thought
Categories of Peer Acceptance
Popular
Rejected
Neglected
Controversial
Popular (peer acceptance)
Prosocial
- not bullying
- popular bc they’re nice and interact well
Antisocial
-might very liked but they harm/bulky peers
*might be a little bit of both
Rejected
Aggressive
-some act out and become bullies bc they’ve been bullied
Withdrawn
-try to avoid others or mind up their own business
Reasons for rejection
Physical appearance
Have behaviors that call attention to themselves
*antibullying interventions try to stop bully behavior from bully’s standpoint, but allow tries to lift victim up and build social skills
Neglected
• Weren’t voted as being popular or disliked
• People forgot about them
• Overlooked
• Make school unpleasant
• Long consequences for being neglected aren’t as serious (as rejected) as long a kid has some pride in themselves or some other outlet outside of that school
They might be fine when they get out of school, just might look back & say “I hated high school”
Controversial
- Have a lot of votes, but have a lot of positive & negative votes
- Seen in mixed ways
- Seen as popular but may be “different enough”
- Might be into a different style of music, off putting to others but the kid is comfortable & carries themselves well so it’s not affected *fine w/themselves
Divorce Stats
- Divorce varies on qualities you may have
- Religious individuals less likely to be divorced
- Individuals who get married after 20 less likely
- Woman more education she has, less likely to be divorced
- Economic stability- less likely
Consequences -divorce
- Financial
- Home stability
- Parental stress
Financial consequence-divorce
drop in income
Home stability consequence-divorce
○ Within 1st 2 years of divorce parent newly single parent starts to change their parenting style
§ Might be more strict or relaxed *never at the sweet spot
Requiring child to listen to you, but also being very warm *lose balance bs there’s so much else going on
Parental stress cosequence-divorce
How well is the adult trying to protect the child from letting the emotional fall out reach them? -refraining from parenting blame game, etc
Key variables in child response-divorce
Gender
Age
Temperament
Father role
Gender variable- divorce
○ Research indicates being in single parent household is more detrimental to boys
§ More typical for mom to have custody
□ No father model
Girls have harder time w/remarriage
Temperament variable-divorce
○ Some kids are more even keeled than others
Effects vary
Age variable- divorce
Children typically have more difficulty w/divorce than adolescents (reverse for remarriage)
• Might not think logically about what happened cognitive develop
• Might be a lot of self blame
Teen would have a better understanding of relationship/situation
Fathers role variable-divorce
Play important role in self esteem & self image with daughter
Last affects -divorce
Children of divorce tend to be very suspicious of marriage & likelyhood at staying in long term relationship
• Shows pattern
Have to work really hard at not falling into those patterns
Moral Development (Kohlberg)
Precoventional
Conventional
Post Conventional
Precoventional
- Punishment/obedience
- Reciprocity/self interest
- Morality is externally controlled
- Have to use reward for young kids or they’re not going to get it *can’t reason
*piaget would support
Conventional
• Social Harmony ○ You want to love others & them to love you *reciprocal • Social Order • Justice issues ○ This is fair/not fair • Conformity to social rules More teens fall in this level
Postconventional
• Social Contract
○ Founding fathers/declaration,
§ agreement made between government & people
§ Government is going to provide these services, if you do those services
§ & there is going to be a right & wrong to what both parties can do
○ God/diety? • Universal ethical Principle • Morality determine by abstract principles Regardless as to whether society says this act is just or injust it just is
Kohlberg Controversey
-controversial- bias from males perspective, women will be ranked at lower level
• Focus on relationship rather than justice?
• Secular point of view
-religious individuals at low level, bc argument is often based on punishment
• If they were able to elaborate on what they meant would they be ranked the same *sounds more post conventional